{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:24:15Z","timestamp":1791483855998,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early detection of patients with late-life depression (LLD) with a high risk of developing dementia contributes to early intervention. Odor identification (OI) dysfunction serves as a marker for predicting dementia, but whether OI dysfunction increases the risk of dementia in LLD patients remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the interactive effect of LLD and OI dysfunction on the risk of dementia and its underlying neuroimaging changes. One hundred and fifty-seven LLD patients and 101 normal controls were recruited, and data on their OI, cognition, activity of daily living (ADL), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected. Two\u2009\u00d7\u2009two factorial analyses were used to analyze the interactive effects of LLD and OI dysfunction on neuropsychological and neuroimaging abnormalities. Mediation analyses were used to explore whether abnormalities detected by neuroimaging mediated the the associations between OI and cognition\/ADL. The results suggested that LLD and OI dysfunction exhibited additive effects on reduced ADL, global cognition and memory scores, as well as neuroimaging variables including (i) increased fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the right orbitofrontal cortex and right precentral cortex, and (ii) increased regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left hippocampus\/fusiform gyrus, etc. In addition, these increased fALFF and ReHo values were associated with reduced neuropsychological scores (ADL, global cognition, memory, and language). Moreover, ReHo of the left hippocampus\/fusiform gyrus completely mediated the relationship between OI and ADL, and partially mediated the relationship between OI and global cognition. Overall, mediated by the hypersynchronization of the left hippocampus\/fusiform gyrus, OI dysfunction may increase the risk of dementia in LLD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01291-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T06:04:05Z","timestamp":1615961045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The additive effect of late-life depression and olfactory dysfunction on the risk of dementia was mediated by hypersynchronization of the hippocampus\/fusiform gyrus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ben","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naikeng","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huarong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia Alberi","family":"Auber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Croy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5727-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuping","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.60","volume":"7","author":"AL Byers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Byers, A. L. & Yaffe, K. Depression and risk of developing dementia. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 7, 323\u2013331 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"1291_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112828","volume":"11","author":"S Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, S. & Blazer, D. G. Depression and cognition in the elderly. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 11, 331\u2013360 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"1291_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0004","volume":"73","author":"AR Kaup","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaup, A. R. et al. Trajectories of depressive symptoms in older adults and risk of dementia. JAMA Psychiatry 73, 525\u2013531 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00097-3","volume":"3","author":"SS Mirza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirza, S. S. et al. 10-Year trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: a population-based study. Lancet Psychiatry 3, 628\u2013635 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.11.016","volume":"77","author":"ML Ancelin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ancelin, M. L. et al. Heterogeneity in HPA axis dysregulation and serotonergic vulnerability to depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 77, 90\u201394 (2017).","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1291_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.12.032","volume":"82","author":"MI Geerlings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geerlings, M. I. & Gerritsen, L. Late-life depression, hippocampal volumes, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol. Psychiatry 82, 339\u2013350 (2017).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.035","volume":"36","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang, H. J. et al. Longitudinal associations between BDNF promoter methylation and late-life depression. Neurobiol. Aging 36, 1761\u20131764 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"1291_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.190165","volume":"209","author":"L Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su, L. et al. Neuroinflammatory and morphological changes in late-life depression: the NIMROD study. Br. J. Psychiatry 209, 525\u2013526 (2016).","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.07.024","volume":"69","author":"KK Nascimento","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nascimento, K. K., Silva, K. P., Malloy-Diniz, L. F., Butters, M. A. & Diniz, B. S. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta levels in late-life depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Psychiatr. Res. 69, 35\u201341 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"1291_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160401","volume":"54","author":"EE Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown, E. E., Iwata, Y., Chung, J. K., Gerretsen, P. & Graff-Guerrero, A. Tau in late-life depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Alzheimers Dis. 54, 615\u2013633 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"1291_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brendel, M. et al. Depressive symptoms accelerate cognitive decline in amyloid-positive MCI patients. Eur. J. Nuclear Med. Mol. Imaging 42, 716\u2013724 (2015).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2975-4"},{"key":"1291_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.06.004","volume":"11","author":"C Laske","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laske, C. et al. Innovative diagnostic tools for early detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 11, 561\u2013578 (2015).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"1291_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0097-5","volume":"15","author":"Murphy Claire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Claire, Murphy Olfactory and other sensory impairments in Alzheimer disease. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 15, 11\u201324 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"1291_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100956","volume":"55","author":"P Bathini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bathini, P., Brai, E. & Auber, L. A. Olfactory dysfunction in the pathophysiological continuum of dementia. Ageing Res. Rev. 55, 100956 (2019).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"1291_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.7.802","volume":"64","author":"RS Wilson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilson, R. S. et al. Olfactory identification and incidence of mild cognitive impairment in older age. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 64, 802 (2007).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001614","volume":"84","author":"ME Growdon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Growdon, M. E. et al. Odor identification and Alzheimer disease biomarkers in clinically normal elderly. Neurology 84, 2153\u20132160 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1291_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100696","volume":"22","author":"A Bahar-Fuchs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bahar-Fuchs, A., Ch\u00e9telat, G., Villemagne, V. L., Moss, S. & Savage, G. Olfactory deficits and amyloid-beta burden in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy aging: a PiB PET study. J. Alzheimers Dis. Jad. 22, 1081\u20131087 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis. Jad."},{"key":"1291_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lafaille-Magnan, M. E. et al. Odor identification as a biomarker of preclinical AD in older adults at risk. Neurology. 89, 327\u2013335 (2017).","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004159"},{"key":"1291_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2952","volume":"73","author":"RO Roberts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roberts, R. O. et al. Association between olfactory dysfunction and amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease dementia. JAMA Neurol. 73, 93\u2013101 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"1291_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.020","volume":"64","author":"DP Devanand","year":"2008","unstructured":"Devanand, D. P. et al. Combining early markers strongly predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biol. Psychiatry 64, 871\u2013879 (2008).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.08.200","volume":"16","author":"DP Devanand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devanand, D. P. et al. Intact global cognitive and olfactory ability predicts lack of transition to dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 16, 326\u2013334 (2020).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"1291_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy016","volume":"21","author":"B Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, B. et al. Cognitive impairment and structural abnormalities in late life depression with olfactory identification impairment: an Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pattern. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 21, 640\u2013648 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"1291_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180760","volume":"66","author":"B Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, B. et al. Interactive effect of depression and cognitive impairment on olfactory identification in elderly people. J. Alzheimers Dis. 66, 1645\u20131655 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"1291_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.06.016","volume":"45","author":"N Marine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marine, N. & Boriana, A. Olfactory markers of depression and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 45, 262\u2013270 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"1291_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1998.86.1.211","volume":"86","author":"RL Doty","year":"1998","unstructured":"Doty, R. L., Genow, A. & Hummel, T. Scratch density differentiates microsmic from normosmic and anosmic subjects on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Percept. Mot. Skills. 86, 211\u2013216 (1998).","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills."},{"key":"1291_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr255","volume":"22","author":"EC Mormino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mormino, E. C. et al. A\u03b2 deposition in aging is associated with increases in brain activation during successful memory encoding. Cereb. Cortex. 22, 1813\u20131823 (2012).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"1291_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"160","author":"I Croy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Croy, I. & Hummel, T. Olfaction as a marker for depression. J. Neurol. 160, 1\u20138 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"1291_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4725","volume":"33","author":"W Birte-Antina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Birte-Antina, W., Ilona, C., Antje, H. & Thomas, H. Olfactory training with older people. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 33, 212\u2013220 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.08.004","volume":"212","author":"B Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, B. et al. Difference of olfactory deficit in patients with acute episode of schizophrenia and major depressive episode. Schizophr. Res. 212, 99\u2013106 (2019).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"1291_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","volume":"22","author":"T Hummel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hummel, T., Sekinger, B., Wolf, S. R., Pauli, E. & Kobal, G. \u2018Sniffin\u2019 sticks\u2019: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem. Senses 22, 39\u201352 (1997).","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"1291_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5248-1","volume":"276","author":"A Oleszkiewicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oleszkiewicz, A., Schriever, V. A., Croy, I., Hahner, A. & Hummel, T. Updated Sniffin\u2019 Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 276, 719\u2013728 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"1291_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4","volume":"14","author":"CG Yan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yan, C. G., Wang, X. D., Zuo, X. N. & Zang, Y. F. DPABI: data processing & analysis for (resting-state) brain imaging. Neuroinformatics 14, 339\u2013351 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"1291_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00515","volume":"10","author":"JM Soares","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soares, J. M. et al. A hitchhiker\u2019s guide to functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front. Neurosci. 10, 515 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"1291_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.012","volume":"172","author":"QH Zou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zou, Q. H. et al. An improved approach to detection of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) for resting-state fMRI: fractional ALFF. J. Neurosci. Methods 172, 137\u2013141 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"1291_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.030","volume":"22","author":"Y Zang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zang, Y., Jiang, T., Lu, Y., He, Y. & Tian, L. Regional homogeneity approach to fMRI data analysis. Neuroimage 22, 394\u2013400 (2004).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1291_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2017.1315056","volume":"24","author":"KF Umeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Umeh, K. F. Ethnic inequalities in doctor-patient communication regarding personal care plans: the mediating effects of positive mental wellbeing. Ethn. Health 24, 57\u201372 (2019).","journal-title":"Ethn. Health"},{"key":"1291_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobel, M. E. Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociol. Methodol. 13, 290\u2013312 (1982).","DOI":"10.2307\/270723"},{"key":"1291_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychol. Methods 7, 83\u2013104 (2002).","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.83"},{"key":"1291_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.06.016","volume":"278","author":"S Negoias","year":"2019","unstructured":"Negoias, S. et al. Odor-related brain hyper-reactivity in euthymic bipolar disorder: An fMRI and ERP study. Psychiatry Res. 278, 218\u2013227 (2019).","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"1291_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5079","volume":"34","author":"H Emam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emam, H., Steffens, D. C., Pearlson, G. D. & Wang, L. Increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity and connectivity predict poor sertraline treatment outcome in late-life depression. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 34, 730\u2013737 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.03.017","volume":"25","author":"DC Steffens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steffens, D. C., Wang, L., Manning, K. J. & Pearlson, G. D. Negative affectivity, aging, and depression: results from the neurobiology of late-life depression (NBOLD) study. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 25, 1135\u20131149 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53148","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053148","volume":"8","author":"Z Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma, Z., Li, R., Yu, J., He, Y. & Li, J. Alterations in regional homogeneity of spontaneous brain activity in late-life subthreshold depression. PLoS ONE 8, e53148 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1291_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.07.004","volume":"39","author":"F Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, F. et al. Abnormal regional spontaneous neural activity in first-episode, treatment-naive patients with late-life depression: a resting-state fMRI study. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 39, 326\u2013331 (2012).","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1291_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.04.006","volume":"21","author":"M Su","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su, M. et al. Alterations in the limbic\/paralimbic cortices of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with hyposmia under resting-state functional MRI by regional homogeneity and functional connectivity analysis. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 21, 698\u2013703 (2015).","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"1291_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-019-00729-5","volume":"32","author":"P Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han, P., Zang, Y., Akshita, J. & Hummel, T. Magnetic resonance imaging of human olfactory dysfunction. Brain Topogr. 32, 987\u2013997 (2019).","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"1291_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9175-1","volume":"18","author":"JL Whitwell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Whitwell, J. L. Progression of atrophy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related disorders. Neurotox. Res. 18, 339\u2013346 (2010).","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"1291_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.262","volume":"52","author":"KS Weiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weiner, K. S. & Grill-Spector, K. Sparsely-distributed organization of face and limb activations in human ventral temporal cortex. Neuroimage 52, 1559\u20131573 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1291_CR48","first-page":"40","volume":"7","author":"TC Ho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ho, T. C. et al. Fusiform gyrus dysfunction is associated with perceptual processing efficiency to emotional faces in adolescent depression: a model-based approach. Front. Psychol. 7, 40 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"1291_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al A\u00efn, S. et al. Smell training improves olfactory function and alters brain structure. Neuroimage 189, 45\u201354 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.008"},{"key":"1291_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tombaugh, T. N. & McIntyre, N. J. The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 40, 922\u2013935 (1992).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01291-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01291-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01291-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T10:31:58Z","timestamp":1669804318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01291-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01291-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"172"}}