{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:38:54Z","timestamp":1790311134982,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50MH113838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50MH113838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH119177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH119177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH121907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH121907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH121922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH121922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM105688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM105688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substance use disorders (SUDs) commonly co-occur with mental illness. However, the ongoing addiction crisis raises the question of how opioid use disorder (OUD) impacts healthcare utilization relative to other SUDs. This study examines the utilization patterns of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and: (1) co-occurring OUD (MDD-OUD); (2) a co-occurring SUD other than OUD (MDD-NOUD); and (3) no co-occurring SUD (MDD-NSUD). We analyzed electronic health records (EHRs) derived from multiple health systems across the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area between January 2008 and December 2017. 11,275 patients aged \u226518 years with a gap of 30\u2013180 days between 2 consecutive MDD diagnoses and an antidepressant prescribed 0\u2013180 days after any MDD diagnosis were selected, and prevalence of any SUD was 24%. Individuals were stratified into comparison groups and matched on age, gender, and select underlying comorbidities. Prevalence rates and encounter frequencies were measured and compared across outpatient, inpatient, and emergency department (ED) settings. Our key findings showed that relative to other co-occurring SUDs, OUD was associated with larger increases in the rates and odds of using substance-use-related services in all settings, as well as services that integrate mental health and substance abuse treatments in inpatient and ED settings. OUD was also associated with larger increases in total encounters across all settings. These findings and our proposed policy recommendations could inform efforts towards targeted OUD interventions, particularly for individuals with underlying mental illness whose treatment and recovery are often more challenging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01372-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T11:04:21Z","timestamp":1620039861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Association of co-occurring opioid or other substance use disorders with increased healthcare utilization in patients with depression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veer","family":"Vekaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Budhaditya","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9104-0670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Alexopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4856-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyotishman","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1372_CR1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP19-5068, NSDUH Series H-54) (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2019)."},{"key":"1372_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.141","volume":"266","author":"GE Hunt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hunt, G. E., Malhi, G. S., Lai, H. M. X. & Cleary, M. Prevalence of comorbid substance use in major depressive disorder in community and clinical settings, 1990\u20132019: systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Affect. Disord. 266, 288\u2013304 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"1372_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.10.1097","volume":"62","author":"DS Hasin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hasin, D. S., Goodwin, R. D., Stinson, F. S. & Grant, B. F. Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62, 1097\u20131106 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807","volume":"61","author":"BF Grant","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grant, B. F. et al. Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 61, 807\u2013816 (2004).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.12.006","volume":"98","author":"P Novak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Novak, P., Feder, K. A., Ali, M. M. & Chen, J. Behavioral health treatment utilization among individuals with co-occurring opioid use disorder and mental illness: evidence from a National Survey. J. Subst. Abus. Treat. 98, 47\u201352 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"issue":"Suppl. 7","key":"1372_CR6","first-page":"5","volume":"67","author":"PF Buckley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buckley, P. F. Prevalence and consequences of the dual diagnosis of substance abuse and severe mental illness. J. Clin. Psychiatry 67(Suppl. 7), 5\u20139 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.9.1600","volume":"159","author":"E Aharonovich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aharonovich, E., Liu, X., Nunes, E. & Hasin, D. S. Suicide attempts in substance abusers: effects of major depression in relation to substance use disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 159, 1600\u20131602 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.09.006","volume":"61","author":"MA Priester","year":"2016","unstructured":"Priester, M. A. et al. Treatment access barriers and disparities among individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: an integrative literature review. J. Subst. Abus. Treat. 61, 47\u201359 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"1372_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.774673","volume":"28","author":"TM Kelly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kelly, T. M. & Daley, D. C. Integrated treatment of substance use and psychiatric disorders. Soc. Work Public Health 28, 388\u2013406 (2013).","journal-title":"Soc. Work Public Health"},{"key":"1372_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000603","volume":"34","author":"MD Sullivan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sullivan, M. D. Depression effects on long-term prescription opioid use, abuse, and addiction. Clin. J. Pain 34, 878\u2013884 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"1372_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.030","volume":"197","author":"CM Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones, C. M. & McCance-Katz, E. F. Co-occurring substance use and mental disorders among adults with opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 197, 78\u201382 (2019).","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"1372_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daly, C. Integrated Treatment for Dual Diagnosis\u2014A Guide to Effective Practice. By Kim T. Mueser, Douglas L. Noordsy, Robert E. Drake and Lindy Fox. Guilford Press, 2003. \u00a331.95. 526 pp. ISBN 1 57230 850 8. Alcohol Alcohol. 40, 336\u2013336 (2005).","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh147"},{"key":"1372_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.09.005","volume":"95","author":"M Kikkert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kikkert, M., Goudriaan, A., de Waal, M., Peen, J. & Dekker, J. Effectiveness of Integrated Dual Diagnosis Treatment (IDDT) in severe mental illness outpatients with a co-occurring substance use disorder. J. Subst. Abus. Treat. 95, 35\u201342 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"1372_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020888403586","volume":"38","author":"WC Torrey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Torrey, W. C. et al. The challenge of implementing and sustaining integrated dual disorders treatment programs. Community Ment. Health J. 38, 507\u2013521 (2002).","journal-title":"Community Ment. Health J."},{"key":"1372_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033351","volume":"24","author":"RE Drake","year":"1998","unstructured":"Drake, R. E., Mercer-McFadden, C., Mueser, K. T., McHugo, G. J. & Bond, G. R. Review of integrated mental health and substance abuse treatment for patients with dual disorders. Schizophr. Bull. 24, 589\u2013608 (1998).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"1372_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2975\/27.2004.360.374","volume":"27","author":"RE Drake","year":"2004","unstructured":"Drake, R. E., Mueser, K. T., Brunette, M. F. & McHugo, G. J. A review of treatments for people with severe mental illnesses and co-occurring substance use disorders. Psychiatr. Rehabil. J. 27, 360\u2013374 (2004).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Rehabil. J."},{"key":"1372_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00336.x","volume":"31","author":"QQ Tiet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tiet, Q. Q. & Mausbach, B. Treatments for patients with dual diagnosis: a review. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 31, 513\u2013536 (2007).","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"1372_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.06.024","volume":"185","author":"JA Foulds","year":"2015","unstructured":"Foulds, J. A., Adamson, S. J., Boden, J. M., Williman, J. A. & Mulder, R. T. Depression in patients with alcohol use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes for independent and substance-induced disorders. J. Affect. Disord. 185, 47\u201359 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"1372_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2011.00140.x","volume":"20","author":"JDJ Hobbs","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hobbs, J. D. J., Kushner, M. G., Lee, S. S., Reardon, S. M. & Maurer, E. W. Meta-analysis of supplemental treatment for depressive and anxiety disorders in patients being treated for alcohol dependence. Am. J. Addict. 20, 319\u2013329 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"1372_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2003.tb00494.x","volume":"12","author":"HR Kranzler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kranzler, H. R. & Rosenthal, R. N. Dual diagnosis: alcoholism and co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Addict. 12, s26\u2013s40 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"1372_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2190\/YTRY-E86M-G1VC-LC79","volume":"30","author":"MP Luber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Luber, M. P. et al. Diagnosis, treatment, comorbidity, and resource utilization of depressed patients in a general medical practice. Int. J. Psychiatry Med. 30, 1\u201313 (2000).","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"1372_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200105000-00009","volume":"9","author":"MP Luber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Luber, M. P. et al. Depression and service utilization in elderly primary care patients. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 9, 169\u2013176 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4133","volume":"26","author":"BT Mausbach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mausbach, B. T. & Irwin, S. A. Depression and healthcare service utilization in patients with cancer. Psycho-Oncology 26, 1133\u20131139 (2017).","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"1372_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.11.002","volume":"78","author":"AM Prina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prina, A. M. et al. The association between depressive symptoms in the community, non-psychiatric hospital admission and hospital outcomes: a systematic review. J. Psychosom. Res. 78, 25\u201333 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"1372_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318231de51","volume":"6","author":"AY Walley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walley, A. Y. et al. Acute care hospital utilization among medical inpatients discharged with a substance use disorder diagnosis. J. Addict. Med. 6, 50\u201356 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"key":"1372_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.54.8.1095","volume":"54","author":"TL Mark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mark, T. L. Economic grand rounds: the costs of treating persons with depression and alcoholism compared with depression alone. Psychiatr. Serv. 54, 1095\u20131097 (2003).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"1372_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.7.973","volume":"86","author":"B Dickey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dickey, B. & Azeni, H. Persons with dual diagnoses of substance abuse and major mental illness: their excess costs of psychiatric care. Am. J. Public Health 86, 973\u2013977 (1996).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"1372_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.05.009","volume":"39","author":"MJ Worley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Worley, M. J., Trim, R. S., Tate, S. R., Hall, J. E. & Brown, S. A. Service utilization during and after outpatient treatment for comorbid substance use disorder and depression. J. Subst. Abus. Treat. 39, 124\u2013131 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"1372_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06673","volume":"73","author":"C Blanco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blanco, C. et al. Differences among major depressive disorder with and without co-occurring substance use disorders and substance-induced depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J. Clin. Psychiatry 73, 865\u2013873 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122957","volume":"36","author":"A Kolodny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kolodny, A. et al. The prescription opioid and heroin crisis: a public health approach to an epidemic of addiction. Annu. Rev. Public Health 36, 559\u2013574 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"1372_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002136","volume":"128","author":"A Gupta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupta, A. et al. Opioid abuse or dependence increases 30-day readmission rates after major operating room procedures. Anesthesiology 128, 880\u2013890 (2018).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1372_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201900163","volume":"70","author":"TG Rhee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhee, T. G. & Rosenheck, R. A. Use of drug treatment services among adults with opioid use disorder: rates, patterns, and correlates. Psychiatr. Serv. 70, 992\u2013999 (2019).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"1372_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-016-0400-5","volume":"34","author":"SM Murphy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murphy, S. M. & Polsky, D. Economic evaluations of opioid use disorder interventions. PharmacoEconomics 34, 863\u2013887 (2016).","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"1372_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-00329-x","volume":"96","author":"AB Abbasi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbasi, A. B. et al. Health care utilization of opioid overdose decedents with no opioid analgesic prescription history. J. Urban Health 96, 38\u201348 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"1372_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2016.03.002","volume":"25","author":"B Sharma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma, B., Bruner, A., Barnett, G. & Fishman, M. Opioid use disorders. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 25, 473\u2013487 (2016).","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"1372_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.01.019","volume":"110","author":"CI Campbell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campbell, C. I. et al. Use of a prescription opioid registry to examine opioid misuse and overdose in an integrated health system. Prev. Med. 110, 31\u201337 (2018).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"1372_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2014-002764","volume":"21","author":"R Kaushal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaushal, R. et al. Changing the research landscape: the New York City Clinical Data Research Network. J. Am. Med Inf. Assoc. 21, 587\u2013590 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med Inf. Assoc."},{"key":"1372_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ho D. E., Imai K., King G., Stuart E. A. MatchIt: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference. J. Stat. Softw. 42, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v042.i08 (2011).","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08"},{"key":"1372_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpl013","volume":"15","author":"DE Ho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ho, D. E., Imai, K., King, G. & Stuart, E. A. Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference. Political Anal. 15, 199\u2013236 (2007).","journal-title":"Political Anal."},{"key":"1372_CR40","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2019)."},{"key":"1372_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braden, J. B. et al. Emergency Department visits among recipients of chronic opioid therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. 170, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.273 (2010).","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.273"},{"key":"1372_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.0618","volume":"35","author":"J Gryczynski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gryczynski, J. et al. Understanding patterns of high-cost health care use across different substance user groups. Health Aff. 35, 12\u201319 (2016).","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"1372_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm655051e1","volume":"65","author":"RA Rudd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rudd, R. A., Seth, P., David, F. & Scholl, L. Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2010\u20132015. Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 65, 1445\u20131452 (2016).","journal-title":"Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"1372_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.154","volume":"41","author":"GM Curran","year":"2003","unstructured":"Curran, G. M. et al. Emergency department use of persons with comorbid psychiatric and substance abuse disorders. Ann. Emerg. Med. 41, 659\u2013667 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"1372_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Curran, G. M. et al. The association of psychiatric comorbidity and use of the emergency department among persons with substance use disorders: an observational cohort study. BMC Emerg. Med. 8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-227x-8-17 (2008).","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227x-8-17"},{"key":"1372_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Theriault K. M., Rosenheck R. A. & Rhee T. G. Increasing emergency department visits for mental health conditions in the United States. J. Clin. Psychiatry 81, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.20m13241 (2020).","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20m13241"},{"key":"1372_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1559192","volume":"54","author":"JD Prince","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prince, J. D. Correlates of opioid use disorders among people with severe mental illness in the United States. Subst. Use Misuse 54, 1024\u20131034 (2019).","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"1372_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900014796","volume":"11","author":"MA Frye","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frye, M. A., Calabrese, J. R., Reed, M. L. & Hirschfeld, R. M. Healthcare resource utilization in bipolar depression compared with unipolar depression: results of a United States population-based study. CNS Spectr. 11, 704\u2013710 (2006). quiz 719.","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"1372_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.890","volume":"160","author":"WM Compton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Compton, W. M. III et al. The role of psychiatric disorders in predicting drug dependence treatment outcomes. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 890\u2013895 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.54.3.363","volume":"54","author":"L-T Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu, L. -T., Ringwalt, C. L. & Williams, C. E. Use of substance abuse treatment services by persons with mental health and substance use problems. Psychiatr. Serv. 54, 363\u2013369 (2003).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"1372_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.035","volume":"187","author":"WS John","year":"2018","unstructured":"John, W. S. et al. Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of multiple substance use disorders among adult primary care patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 187, 79\u201387 (2018).","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"1372_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10345","volume":"314","author":"B Saloner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saloner, B. & Karthikeyan, S. Changes in substance abuse treatment use among individuals with opioid use disorders in the United States, 2004\u20132013. JAMA 314, 1515 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1372_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230600559631","volume":"15","author":"C Timko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Timko, C., Chen, S., Sempel, J. & Barnett, P. Dual diagnosis patients in community or hospital care: one-year outcomes and health care utilization and costs. J. Ment. Health 15, 163\u2013177 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Ment. Health"},{"key":"1372_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2003.tb00545.x","volume":"12","author":"E Granholm","year":"2003","unstructured":"Granholm, E., Anthenelli, R., Monteiro, R., Sevcik, J. & Stoler, M. Brief integrated outpatient dual-diagnosis treatment reduces psychiatric hospitalizations. Am. J. Addict. 12, 306\u2013313 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"1372_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v25n01_10","volume":"25","author":"Y-I Hser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hser, Y.-I., Grella, C., Evans, E. & Huang, Y.-C. Utilization and outcomes of mental health services among patients in drug treatment. J. Addictive Dis. 25, 73\u201385 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Addictive Dis."},{"key":"1372_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107987","volume":"212","author":"TL Rowell-Cunsolo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rowell-Cunsolo, T. L., Liu, J., Hu, G. & Larson, E. Length of hospitalization and hospital readmissions among patients with substance use disorders in New York City, NY USA. Drug Alcohol Depend. 212, 107987 (2020).","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"1372_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5334\/egems.281","volume":"7","author":"CC Stewart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stewart, C. C. et al. Impact of ICD-10-CM transition on mental health diagnoses recording. EGEMS 7, 14 (2019).","journal-title":"EGEMS"},{"key":"1372_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830080048009","volume":"53","author":"KI Howard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Howard, K. I. Patterns of mental health service utilization. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 53, 696 (1996).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rhee, T. G., Wilkinson, S. T., Steffens, D. C., Rosenheck, R. A., & Olfson, M. Prevalence of treatment for depression among US adults who screen positive for depression, 2007\u20132016. JAMA Psychiatry https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1818 (2020).","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1818"},{"key":"1372_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2004.00683.x","volume":"11","author":"J Todd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Todd, J. et al. Defining dual diagnosis of mental illness and substance misuse: some methodological issues. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 11, 48\u201354 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"1372_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.072736","volume":"96","author":"HM Hu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hu, H. M., Kline, A., Huang, F. Y. & Ziedonis, D. M. Detection of co-occurring mental illness among adult patients in the New Jersey substance abuse treatment system. Am. J. Public Health 96, 1785\u20131793 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"1372_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0289-5","volume":"14","author":"KM Fiest","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fiest, K. M. et al. Systematic review and assessment of validated case definitions for depression in administrative data. BMC Psychiatry 14, 289 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1990-6","volume":"19","author":"C Doktorchik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doktorchik, C. et al. Validation of a case definition for depression in administrative data against primary chart data as a reference standard. BMC Psychiatry 19, 9 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1372_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458216647089","volume":"23","author":"M Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng, M., Southern, D. A., Williamson, T. & Quan, H. Under-coding of secondary conditions in coded hospital health data: Impact of co-existing conditions, death status and number of codes in a record. Health Inform. J. 23, 260\u2013267 (2017).","journal-title":"Health Inform. J."},{"key":"1372_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schneider, K. M., O\u2019Donnell, B. E. & Dean D. Prevalence of multiple chronic conditions in the United States\u2019 Medicare population. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 7, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-7-82 (2009).","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-82"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01372-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01372-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01372-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T05:22:51Z","timestamp":1698988971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01372-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01372-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"265"}}