{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:37:10Z","timestamp":1793381830556,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed humans to the highest physical and mental risks. Thus, it is becoming a priority to probe the mental health problems experienced during the pandemic in different populations. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the prevalence of postpandemic mental health problems. Seventy-one published papers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009146,139) from China, the United States, Japan, India, and Turkey were eligible to be included in the data pool. These papers reported results for Chinese, Japanese, Italian, American, Turkish, Indian, Spanish, Greek, and Singaporean populations. The results demonstrated a total prevalence of anxiety symptoms of 32.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.10\u201336.30) during the COVID-19 pandemic. For depression, a prevalence of 27.60% (95% CI: 24.00\u201331.60) was found. Further, insomnia was found to have a prevalence of 30.30% (95% CI: 24.60\u201336.60). Of the total study population, 16.70% (95% CI: 8.90\u201329.20) experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence of anxiety (63.90%) and depression (55.40%) in confirmed and suspected patients compared with other cohorts. Notably, the prevalence of each symptom in other countries was higher than that in China. Finally, the prevalence of each mental problem differed depending on the measurement tools used. In conclusion, this study revealed the prevalence of mental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by using a fairly large-scale sample and further clarified that the heterogeneous results for these mental health problems may be due to the nonstandardized use of psychometric tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01501-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T04:03:30Z","timestamp":1625803410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Public mental health problems during COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale meta-analysis of the evidence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9236-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuerong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5561-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8979-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-6584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6144-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengzhi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1744-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1501_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","volume":"395","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus:implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395:565\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"1501_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0323-4","volume":"20","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hotez PJ, Corry BD, Bottazzi ME. COVID-19 vaccine design: the Janus face of immune enhancement. Nat Rev Immun. 2020;20:347\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-020-0323-4.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immun"},{"key":"1501_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12461","volume":"324","author":"N Lurie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lurie N, Sharfstein JM, Goodman JL. The development of COVID-19 vaccines: safeguards needed. JAMA. 2020;324:439\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12461.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1501_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc5343","volume":"369","author":"W Deng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng W, et al. Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques. Science. 2020;369:818\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abc5343.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1501_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1366-8","volume":"24","author":"M Berg-Weger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berg-Weger M, Morley JE. Editorial: loneliness and social isolation in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for gerontological social work. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24:456\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-020-1366-8.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"1501_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12735","volume":"29","author":"K Usher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usher K, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Gyamfi N, Jackson D. Family violence and COVID-19: increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2020;29:549\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.12735.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"1501_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, et al. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2020;14,779\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.05.035.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.05.035"},{"key":"1501_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103740.","volume":"17","author":"EPH Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi EPH, Hui BPH, Wan EYF. Depression and anxiety in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17103740.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1501_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30079-1","volume":"7","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Li W, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang YT. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30079-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1501_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during theInitial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17:1729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17051729.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729"},{"key":"1501_CR11","first-page":"246","volume":"04","author":"Z Jinglong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jinglong Z, Rong S, Juan Y. Anxiety and depression in elderly patients during epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 and its influencing factors. J Clin Med Pract. 2020;04:246\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Med Pract"},{"key":"1501_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.023","volume":"72","author":"Q Jing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jing Q, et al. The evaluation of sleep disturbances for chinese frontline medical workers under the outbreak of COVID-19. Sleep Med. 2020;72:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"1501_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.026","volume":"88","author":"S Pappa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.026.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"1501_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.16118\/j.1008-0392.2020.02.002","volume":"02","author":"L Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei L, Caidi Z, Jin JL, Huijuan Z, Hui W, Bixi Y, et al. Meta analysis of mental state of different groups of people during the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia. J Tongji Univ. 2020;02:147\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16118\/j.1008-0392.2020.02.002.","journal-title":"J Tongji Univ"},{"key":"1501_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1501_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.486","volume":"3","author":"LV Hedges","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hedges LV, Vevea JL. Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis. Psychol Methods. 1998;3:486\u2013504.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"1501_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","volume":"3","author":"J Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai J, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3:e203976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"1501_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30477-8","volume":"7","author":"PR Jonathan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jonathan PR, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:7.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1501_CR19","first-page":"46","volume":"17","author":"W Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen W, Zhan H, Hong YLJY. COVID-19 epidemic survey of mental state of overseas Chinese in Italy abstract. Psychol Mon. 2020;17:46\u201347+50. 10.19738\/j.cnki. psy.2020.17.014.","journal-title":"Psychol Mon"},{"key":"1501_CR20","unstructured":"The State Council of the People\u2019s Republic of China. The notice on orderly resuming production and resuming production in enterprises. 2020. http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/xinwen\/2020-02\/09\/content_5476550.htm (in Chinese). Accessed 7 Mar 2020."},{"key":"1501_CR21","unstructured":"WHO. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-fifinal-report.pdf. Accessed 7 Mar 2020."},{"key":"1501_CR22","first-page":"110","volume":"8","author":"LL Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen LL, Du MJ. Research on the improvement of psychological counseling mechanism for major public emergencies in Hubei Province during the 14th Five Year Plan period. Soc Sci Trends. 2020;8:110\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Trends"},{"key":"1501_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qianyi L, et al. Investigation of mental health status of frontline medical staff in COVID-19 treatment hospital in Guangdong Province. Guangdong Med. 2020;41:984\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13820\/j.cnki.gdyx.20200920.","DOI":"10.13820\/j.cnki.gdyx.20200920"},{"key":"1501_CR24","first-page":"1140","volume":"34","author":"L Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zheng J, Lin CQ. investigation on psychological stress in fighting against corona virus disease 2019 among community residents. Nurs Res. 2020;34:1140\u20135.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"1501_CR25","first-page":"549","volume":"34","author":"Z Xiaolin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiaolin Z, et al. Psychological status of school students and employees during the COVID-19 epidemic. Chin J Ment Health. 2020;34:549\u201354.","journal-title":"Chin J Ment Health"},{"key":"1501_CR26","first-page":"673","volume":"36","author":"Z Kaiheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaiheng Z, et al. Anxiety symptom and its associates among primary school students in Hubei province during 2019 novel coronavirus diseases epidemic. Chin Public Health. 2020;36:673\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin Public Health"},{"key":"1501_CR27","unstructured":"Jiao Y, et al. Psychological investigation and analysis on mental care personnel in designated hospitals of coronavirus disease 2019. Med Philos. 2020;41:38\u201342+67."},{"key":"1501_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.13463\/j.cnki.cczyy.2020.05.051","volume":"36","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Chen L, Li L, Zhang X, Wang YM, Xu X. Influence of COVID-2019 on mental health of medical students. J Changchun Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2020;36:1015\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13463\/j.cnki.cczyy.2020.05.051.","journal-title":"J Changchun Univ Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"1501_CR29","first-page":"3172","volume":"19","author":"M Huangfu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huangfu M, Fu X, Wang LH. Investigation on psychological stress of frontline nurses in novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention. Chongqing Med. 2020;19:3172\u20136.","journal-title":"Chongqing Med"},{"key":"1501_CR30","first-page":"15","volume":"35","author":"J Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao J, Wen M, Shi Y, Wu Y, He Q. Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Nurs. 2020;35:15\u201317.","journal-title":"J Nurs"},{"key":"1501_CR31","first-page":"1641","volume":"30","author":"L Xiaolei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiaolei L, et al. Psychological state of nursing staff in a large scale of general hospital during COVID-19 epidemic. Chin J Hosp Infect. 2020;30:1641\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1501_CR32","first-page":"23","volume":"31","author":"F Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song F, Wang X, Ju Z, Liu A, Junjie L, Wang T. Mental health status and related influencing factors during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). Public Health Prev Med. 2020;31:23\u201327.","journal-title":"Public Health Prev Med"},{"key":"1501_CR33","first-page":"368","volume":"41","author":"Y Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zhao M, Tang X, Zhu X, Chen J. Correlation study between mental health and coping style of medical staff during COVID-19 epidemic. Anhui Med. 2020;41:368\u201371.","journal-title":"Anhui Med"},{"key":"1501_CR34","first-page":"3156","volume":"19","author":"J Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan J, Du Y, Xu W, Chen Y. Study on the anxiety and depression levels and influencing factors in patients with suspected corona virus disease 2019 in isolation. Chongqing Med. 2020;19:3156\u201360.","journal-title":"Chongqing Med"},{"key":"1501_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.16118\/j.1008-0392.2020.02.003","volume":"41","author":"L Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei L, Shi L, Cao J. Psychological status of primary care workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai. J Tongji Univ. 2020;41:155\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16118\/j.1008-0392.2020.02.003.","journal-title":"J Tongji Univ"},{"key":"1501_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.16588\/j.cnki.issn1002-1108.2020.02.004","volume":"42","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Song X, Li J, Luo X, Chen W. Survey on the mental health of medical staffs in Emergency Department and Fever Clinic in Guiyang City under the Epidemic Situation of COVID-19. J Guizhou Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2020;42:16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16588\/j.cnki.issn1002-1108.2020.02.004.","journal-title":"J Guizhou Univ Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"1501_CR37","first-page":"313","volume":"04","author":"Y Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Y. Investigation and analysis of the psychological status of the first batch of military nurses in \u201caiding Hubei to fight epidemic disease\u201d and protection suggestions. Mil Med. 2020;04:313\u20135.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"1501_CR38","first-page":"1371","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang X, Peng J, Fang P. A survey on mental of medical staff fighting 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in Wuhan. J Trop Med. 2020;10:1371\u20134.","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"1501_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.13479\/j.cnki.jip.2020.02.003","volume":"02","author":"H Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu H, Liu Q, Li J. Investigation on the participation of mental health workers fighting against COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Psychiatry. 2020;02:201\u20134+209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13479\/j.cnki.jip.2020.02.003.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1501_CR40","first-page":"686","volume":"03","author":"M Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun M, Li S, Yue HY, Li X, Li W, Xu S. analysis of Internet users\u2019 anxiety and its influencing factors during the period of new crown pneumonia in China. World Sci Technol Modernization Chin Med. 2020;03:686\u201391.","journal-title":"World Sci Technol Modernization Chin Med"},{"key":"1501_CR41","first-page":"1203","volume":"10","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X. novel coronavirus pneumonia isolation ward hope level, mental health and influencing factors. Gen Nurs. 2020;10:1203\u20136.","journal-title":"Gen Nurs"},{"key":"1501_CR42","first-page":"407","volume":"28","author":"S Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li S, Wang Y, Yang Y, Lei X, Yang Y. Investigation on the influencing factors for anxiety related emotional disorders of children and adolescents with home quarantine during the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019. China J Child Health. 2020;28:407\u201310.","journal-title":"China J Child Health"},{"key":"1501_CR43","first-page":"11","volume":"17","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, et al. Survey of psychological status of front-line nurses staff during the period of epidemic and intervention measures. Nurs Pract Res. 2020;17:11\u201314.","journal-title":"Nurs Pract Res"},{"key":"1501_CR44","first-page":"247","volume":"20","author":"J Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng J, Tan X, Zhang L, Zhu S, Yao H, Liu B. Research on the psychological status and influence factor of novel coronavirus pneumonia patients and people under medical observation. J Nurs Manag. 2020;20:247\u201351.","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"key":"1501_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cao X, Tang X, Xue JY. Knowledge Investigation,prevention and psychological analysis of patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019. J Med Univ Chongqing. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13406\/j.cnki.cyxb.002460.","DOI":"10.13406\/j.cnki.cyxb.002460"},{"key":"1501_CR46","first-page":"81","volume":"20","author":"Y Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan Y, Wang J, Jia X, Liu X, Song YL, Zhang L. The role of mental problem evaluation and intervention in the university or college students kept at the home due to serious Corona Virus Disease-2019 epidemic during high education. Pharm Serv Res. 2020;20:81\u201385+91.","journal-title":"Pharm Serv Res"},{"key":"1501_CR47","first-page":"60","volume":"31","author":"X Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang X, et al. The mental health status of the close contacts of the new coronavirus pneumonia during the epidemic period. Chin J Crit Care Med. 2020;31:60\u201362.","journal-title":"Chin J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1501_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.13558\/j.cnki.issn1672-3686.2020.003.013","volume":"18","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Y, Sun J, Hu J, Chen PL, Chen S. Analysis of mental health status of residents during COVID-19 epidemic. Clin Educ Gen Pract. 2020;18:237\u20139+244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13558\/j.cnki.issn1672-3686.2020.003.013.","journal-title":"Clin Educ Gen Pract"},{"key":"1501_CR49","first-page":"70","volume":"60","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen J, Yin X, Luo J, Chen F, Ren J, Gong W. investigation and analysis of psychological anxiety status of medical staff in Qingbaijiang District of Chengdu city under new epidemic situation of coronavirus pneumonia. Shandong Med. 2020;60:70\u201372.","journal-title":"Shandong Med"},{"key":"1501_CR50","first-page":"171","volume":"40","author":"J Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19. J South Med Univ. 2020;40:171\u20136.","journal-title":"J South Med Univ"},{"key":"1501_CR51","first-page":"940","volume":"18","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Qi Ling Z, Zhang H. The anxiety and social support of the spouses of front-line medical staff in Suining under the new coronavirus pneumonia situation. Gen Nurs. 2020;18:940\u20134.","journal-title":"Gen Nurs"},{"key":"1501_CR52","first-page":"241","volume":"19","author":"M Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Liu X, Guo H, Fan HZ, Jiang R, Tan S. Mental health of middle-aged and elderly population during outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019. J Chin Geriatr Multi Organ Dis. 2020;19:241\u20135.","journal-title":"J Chin Geriatr Multi Organ Dis"},{"key":"1501_CR53","first-page":"30","volume":"33","author":"P Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang P, et al. Analysis on psychological characteristics of the public in the epidemic of COVID-19. Infect Dis Inf. 2020;33:30\u201335.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Inf"},{"key":"1501_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.16821\/j.cnki.hsjx.2020.25.003","volume":"35","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li C, et al. Investigation and analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder in front-line nursing staff of new coronavirus. Nurse\u2019s Continuing Educ J. 2020;35:615\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16821\/j.cnki.hsjx.2020.25.003.","journal-title":"Nurse\u2019s Continuing Educ J"},{"key":"1501_CR55","first-page":"345","volume":"39","author":"J Mei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mei J, et al. Analysis of psychological and sleep state of medical staff with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Med. Guidance. 2020;39:345\u20139.","journal-title":"Med. Guidance"},{"key":"1501_CR56","first-page":"197","volume":"47","author":"M Huo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huo M, Yin Y, Jiang L, Duan X. Survey on the mental status of inhabitants living in Wuhan, Huanggang, Kunming and Yuxi epidemic outbreak stage of COVID-19. Int J Psychiatry. 2020;47:197\u2013200.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1501_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e924609","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.924609","volume":"26","author":"L Lei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lei L. et al. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the COVID-19 eEpidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.924609.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"1501_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102092","volume":"51","author":"MZ Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed MZ, Ahmed O, Aibao Z, Hanbin S, Siyu L, Ahmad A. Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems. Asian J Psychiatry. 2020;51:102092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102092.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1501_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, Y, Zhao, N. Mental health burden for the public affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Who will be the high-risk group?. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13548506.2020.1754438.","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1754438"},{"key":"1501_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vidyadhara S, Chakravarthy A, Pramod Kumar A, Sri Harsha C, Rahul R. Mental health status among the South Indian Pharmacy students during Covid-19 pandemic\u2019s quarantine period: a cross-sectional study. MedRxiv. May 12, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.08.20093708.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.08.20093708"},{"key":"1501_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.009","volume":"274","author":"W Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang W, et al. Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.009.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1501_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang S, Xie L, Xu Y, Yu S, Yao B, Xiang D. Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019. Occup Med. 2020;70:364\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqaa074.","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaa074"},{"key":"1501_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.011","volume":"75","author":"M Casagrande","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casagrande M, Favieri F, Tambelli R, Forte G. The enemy who sealed the world: effects quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality, anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian population. Sleep Med. 2020;75:12\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.011.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"1501_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112934","volume":"287","author":"W Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao W. et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112934.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1501_CR65","first-page":"558","volume":"34","author":"J Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu J, et al. Sleep quality survey and its influencing factors of clinical nurses in the first class of new coronavirus pneumonia. Chin Nurs Res. 2020;34:558\u201362.","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Res"},{"key":"1501_CR66","first-page":"368","volume":"34","author":"M Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu M, Zhang Y. Psychological survey of the first line supporting nurses who fight the new coronavirus pneumonia. Clin Nurs Res. 2020;34:368\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"1501_CR67","first-page":"283","volume":"03","author":"Z Kuang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuang Z, Guo K, Liu Y, Li J, Kuang YF. investigation on cognition and psychological status of new university coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan. J. Trop Med. 2020;03:283\u20135+288.","journal-title":"J. Trop Med"},{"key":"1501_CR68","first-page":"277","volume":"28","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Yang Y, Li S, Lei X, Yang Y. Investigation on the status and influencing factors for depression symptom of children and adolescents with home quarantine during the prevalence of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Chin J Child Health. 2020;28:277\u201380.","journal-title":"Chin J Child Health"},{"key":"1501_CR69","first-page":"152","volume":"36","author":"H Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai H, et al. Novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic-related knowledge, behaviors and psychology status among college students and their family members and. China Public Health. 2020;36:152\u20135.","journal-title":"China Public Health"},{"key":"1501_CR70","first-page":"16","volume":"40","author":"Y Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian Y, Zhang Y, Qian ZL. Investigation on the emotional status of villagers in a rural area of Hangzhou after the implementation of closure measures during the prevention and control of 2019\u2013nCoV infection. Health Res. 2020;40:16\u201318+21.","journal-title":"Health Res"},{"key":"1501_CR71","first-page":"548","volume":"8","author":"X Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang X, Ke P. Effect of standardized training novel coronavirus pneumonia on the anxiety level of the central sterile supply center. Gen Nurs. 2020;8:548\u201350.","journal-title":"Gen Nurs"},{"key":"1501_CR72","first-page":"827","volume":"18","author":"F Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai F, Yuan Q. The psychological status of the first line medical staff in combating new coronavirus pneumonia and intervention measures. Gen Nurs. 2020;18:827\u20138.","journal-title":"Gen Nurs"},{"key":"1501_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v91i2.9619","volume":"91","author":"A Amerio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amerio A, et al. Covid-19 pandemic impact on mental health: a web-based cross-sectional survey on a sample of Italian general practitioners. Acta Bio Med. 2020;91:83\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v91i2.9619.","journal-title":"Acta Bio Med"},{"key":"1501_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020927051","volume":"66","author":"S \u00d6zdin","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00d6zdin S, Bayrak \u00d6zdin \u015e. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: the importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66:504\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020764020927051.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1501_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102083","volume":"51","author":"D Roy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roy D, Tripathy S, Kar SK, Sharma N, Verma SK, Kaushal V. Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatry. 2020;51:102083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102083.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1501_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19434","DOI":"10.2196\/19434","volume":"22","author":"JM Goodman-Casanova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goodman-Casanova JM, Dura-Perez E, Guzman-Parra J, Cuesta-Vargas A, Mayoral-Cleries F. Telehealth home support during COVID-19 confinement for community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia: survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22:e19434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/19434.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1501_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113111","volume":"290","author":"CK Kaparounaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaparounaki CK, Patsali ME, Mousa DV, Papadopoulou E, Papadopoulou K, Fountoulakis KN. University students\u2019 mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113111.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1501_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zohn R, Weinberger-Litman SL, Cheskie R, Rosmarin DH, Leib L. Anxiety and distress among the first community quarantined in the U.S due to COVID-19: Psychological implications for the unfolding crisis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/7eq8c.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/7eq8c"},{"key":"1501_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Du J, et al. Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011"},{"key":"1501_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo J, Liao L, Wang B, Li X, Guo L, Tong Z, et al. Psychological effects of covid-19 on hospital staff: a national cross-sectional survey in mainland China. Vasc Invest Ther. 2021;4:6\u201311.","DOI":"10.4103\/VIT-2"},{"key":"1501_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063","volume":"38","author":"JZ Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of novel coronavirus pneumonia patients receiving medical treatment in hospitals. Chin J Ind Hyg Occup Dis. 2020;38:192\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063.","journal-title":"Chin J Ind Hyg Occup Dis"},{"key":"1501_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu C, Yang Y, Zhang XM, Xu X, Dou QL, Zhang WW. The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey. Epidemiology and infection, 2020;148:e98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268820001107.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820001107"},{"key":"1501_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Z, et al. Mental health status of doctors and nurses during COVID-19 epidemic in China. SSRN Electron J. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3551329.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3551329"},{"key":"1501_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112936","volume":"288","author":"W Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1501_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qi J, Xu J, Li BZ, Huang JS, Yang Y, Zhang ZT, et al. The evaluation of sleep disturbances for Chinese frontline medical workers under the outbreak of COVID-19. Sleep medicine, 2020;72:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.023"},{"key":"1501_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00306","volume":"11","author":"C Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang C, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease outbreak. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:306.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1501_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1159\/000507639","volume":"89","author":"WR Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics. 2020;89:242\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000507639.","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and psychosomatics"},{"key":"1501_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G, et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine, 2020;24:100443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100443.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100443"},{"key":"1501_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1083","author":"BYQ Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan BYQ, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Ann Intern Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-1083.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01501-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01501-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01501-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T13:23:32Z","timestamp":1669901012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01501-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01501-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"384"}}