{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T18:35:35Z","timestamp":1740162935795,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"1. English Family Foundation 2. Seed funding from the Herston Imaging Research Facility, Metro-North Hospital and Health Service"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1138711","GNT2001283","GNT1095227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1138711","GNT2001283","GNT1095227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brothers Reid Family"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Executive dysfunctions in early psychosis (EP) are subtle but persistent, hindering recovery. We asked whether changes in the cognitive control system (CCS) disrupt the response to increased cognitive load in persons with EP. In all, 30 EP and 30 control participants undertook multimodal MRI. Computational models of structural and effective connectivity amongst regions in the CCS were informed by cortical responses to the multi-source interference task, a paradigm that selectively introduces stimulus conflict. EP participants showed greater activation of CCS regions, including the superior parietal cortex, and were disproportionately slower at resolving stimulus conflict in the task. Computational models of the effective connectivity underlying this behavioral response suggest that the normative (control) group resolved stimulus conflict through an efficient and direct modulation of gain between the visual cortex and the anterior insula (AI). In contrast, the EP group utilized an indirect path, with parallel and multi-region hops to resolve stimulus conflict at the AI. Individual differences in task performance were dependent on initial linear gain modulations in the EP group versus a single nonlinear modulation in the control group. Effective connectivity in the EP group was associated with reduced structural integration amongst those connections critical for task execution. CCS engagement during stimulus conflict is hampered in EP owing to inefficient use of higher-order network interactions, with high tonic gain impeding task-relevant (phasic) signal amplification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01673-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T13:03:44Z","timestamp":1635339824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sub-optimal modulation of gain by the cognitive control system in young adults with early psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0115-0268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bjorn","family":"Burgher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Whybird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1097-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikitas","family":"Koussis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0744-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James G.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3651-2676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Cocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Breakspear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1673_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20446","volume":"16","author":"P Fusar\u2010Poli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fusar\u2010Poli P, McGorry PD, Kane JM. Improving outcomes of first\u2010episode psychosis: an overview. World psychiatry. 2017;16:251\u201365.","journal-title":"World psychiatry"},{"key":"1673_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.9.907","volume":"57","author":"TW Weickert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weickert TW, Goldberg TE, Gold JM, Bigelow LB, Egan MF, Weinberger DR. Cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia displaying preserved and compromised intellect. Arch Gen psychiatry. 2000;57:907\u201313.","journal-title":"Arch Gen psychiatry"},{"key":"1673_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu198","volume":"41","author":"E Bora","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bora E, Pantelis C. Meta-analysis of cognitive impairment in first-episode bipolar disorder: comparison with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41:1095\u2013104.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1673_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204380871986569","DOI":"10.1177\/2043808719865693","volume":"10","author":"PD Harvey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harvey PD, Strassnig MT, Silberstein J. Prediction of disability in schizophrenia: Symptoms, cognition, and self-assessment. J Exp Psychopathol. 2019;10:2043808719865693.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychopathol"},{"key":"1673_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.08.006","volume":"17","author":"L Cocchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cocchi L, Zalesky A, Fornito A, Mattingley JB. Dynamic cooperation and competition between brain systems during cognitive control. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013;17:493\u2013501.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1673_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht075","volume":"24","author":"L Cocchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cocchi L, Halford GS, Zalesky A, Harding IH, Ramm BJ, Cutmore T, et al. Complexity in relational processing predicts changes in functional brain network dynamics. Cereb Cortex. 2014;24:2283\u201396.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1673_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00060","volume":"7","author":"VS Catts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Catts VS, Fung SJ, Long LE, Joshi D, Vercammen A, Allen KM, et al. Rethinking schizophrenia in the context of normal neurodevelopment. Front Cell Neurosci. 2013;7:60.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1673_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2013.05.004","volume":"82","author":"M-A Mackie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mackie M-A, Van Dam NT, Fan J. Cognitive control and attentional functions. Brain Cognition. 2013;82:301\u201312.","journal-title":"Brain Cognition"},{"key":"1673_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp098","volume":"132","author":"S Benetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benetti S, Mechelli A, Picchioni M, Broome M, Williams S, McGuire P. Functional integration between the posterior hippocampus and prefrontal cortex is impaired in both first episode schizophrenia and the at risk mental state. Brain. 2009;132:2426\u201336.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1673_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.038","volume":"49","author":"P Allen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allen P, Stephan KE, Mechelli A, Day F, Ward N, Dalton J, et al. Cingulate activity and fronto-temporal connectivity in people with prodromal signs of psychosis. Neuroimage. 2010;49:947\u201355.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20834","volume":"30","author":"NA Crossley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crossley NA, Mechelli A, Fusar-Poli P, Broome MR, Matthiasson P, Johns LC, et al. Superior temporal lobe dysfunction and frontotemporal dysconnectivity in subjects at risk of psychosis and in first\u2010episode psychosis. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009;30:4129\u201337.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1673_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.01.063","volume":"73","author":"MR Dauvermann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dauvermann MR, Whalley HC, Romaniuk L, Valton V, Owens DG, Johnstone EC, et al. The application of nonlinear dynamic causal modelling for fMRI in subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia. Neuroimage. 2013;73:16\u201329.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx050","volume":"27","author":"JD Nielsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nielsen JD, Madsen KH, Wang Z, Liu Z, Friston KJ, Zhou Y. Working memory modulation of frontoparietal network connectivity in first-episode schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex. 2017;27:3832\u201341.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1673_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102444","volume":"28","author":"MJ Dietz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dietz MJ, Zhou Y, Veddum L, Frith CD, Bliksted VF. Aberrant effective connectivity is associated with positive symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia. NeuroImage Clin. 2020;28:102444.","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"1673_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.11.005","volume":"21","author":"LJ Hearne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hearne LJ, Dean RJ, Robinson GA, Richards LJ, Mattingley JB, Cocchi L. Increased cognitive complexity reveals abnormal brain network activity in individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis. NeuroImage Clin. 2019;21:101595.","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"1673_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.48","volume":"1","author":"G Bush","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bush G, Shin LM. The Multi-Source Interference Task: an fMRI task that reliably activates the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive\/attention network. Nat Protoc. 2006;1:308\u201313.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"1673_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-018-0140-0","volume":"14","author":"Y Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou C. Neural correlates of interference resolution in the multi-source interference task: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Behav Brain Funct. 2018;14:8.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"1673_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00202-7","volume":"19","author":"L Friston Harrison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friston Harrison L, Penny W. Dynamic causal modelling. Neuroimage. 2003;19:1273\u2013302.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.11.015","volume":"128","author":"KJ Friston","year":"2016","unstructured":"Friston KJ, Litvak V, Oswal A, Razi A, Stephan KE, van Wijk B, et al. Bayesian model reduction and empirical Bayes for group (DCM) studies. Neuroimage. 2016;128:413\u201331.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1460","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1460","volume":"9","author":"S Fr\u00e4ssle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fr\u00e4ssle S, Yao Y, Sch\u00f6bi D, Aponte EA, Heinzle J, Stephan KE. Generative models for clinical applications in computational psychiatry. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2018;9:e1460.","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1673_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705005969","volume":"36","author":"DJ Castle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Castle DJ, Jablensky A, McGrath JJ, Carr V, Morgan V, Waterreus A. et al. The diagnostic interview for psychoses (DIP): development, reliability and applications. Psychol Med. 2006;36:69\u201380.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1673_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","volume":"13","author":"SR Kay","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261\u201376.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1673_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rybarczyk B. Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). In: Kreutzer JS, DeLuca J, Caplan B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. (Springer, 2011).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-79948-3_428"},{"key":"1673_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guy, W. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. (US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1976).","DOI":"10.1037\/e591322011-001"},{"key":"1673_CR25","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence: WASI-IV (Fourth). (NCS Pearson Inc., 2008)."},{"key":"1673_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048","volume":"84","author":"JD Power","year":"2014","unstructured":"Power JD, Mitra A, Laumann TO, Snyder AZ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE. Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI. Neuroimage. 2014;84:320\u201341.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1995.1023","volume":"2","author":"KJ Worsley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Worsley KJ, Friston KJ. Analysis of fMRI time-series revisited\u2014again. Neuroimage. 1995;2:173\u201381.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.262","volume":"42","author":"KE Stephan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stephan KE, Kasper L, Harrison LM, Daunizeau J, den Ouden HE, Breakspear M, et al. Nonlinear dynamic causal models for fMRI. Neuroimage. 2008;42:649\u201362.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.025","volume":"46","author":"KE Stephan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stephan KE, Penny WD, Daunizeau J, Moran RJ, Friston KJ. Bayesian model selection for group studies. Neuroimage. 2009;46:1004\u201317.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.065","volume":"84","author":"L Rigoux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rigoux L, Stephan KE, Friston KJ, Daunizeau J. Bayesian model selection for group studies\u2014revisited. Neuroimage. 2014;84:971\u201385.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.05.002","volume":"42","author":"J-D Tournier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tournier J-D, Yeh CH, Calamante F, Cho KH, Connelly A, Lin CP. Resolving crossing fibres using constrained spherical deconvolution: validation using diffusion-weighted imaging phantom data. Neuroimage. 2008;42:617\u201325.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1673_CR32","unstructured":"Tournier, JD, Calamante, F & Connelly, A. In Proceedings of the international society for magnetic resonance in medicine. (ISMRM)."},{"key":"1673_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx179","volume":"28","author":"A Schaefer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schaefer A, Kong R, Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Zuo XN, Holmes AJ, et al. Local-global parcellation of the human cerebral cortex from intrinsic functional connectivity MRI. Cereb cortex. 2018;28:3095\u2013114.","journal-title":"Cereb cortex"},{"key":"1673_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6297","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801351115","volume":"115","author":"C Seguin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seguin C, Van Den Heuvel MP, Zalesky A. Navigation of brain networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2018;115:6297\u2013302.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1673_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.032","volume":"200","author":"P Zeidman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeidman P, Jafarian A, Seghier ML, Litvak V, Cagnan H, Price CJ, et al. A guide to group effective connectivity analysis, part 2: Second level analysis with PEB. NeuroImage. 2019;200:12\u201325.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1673_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0607","volume":"64","author":"SW Woods","year":"2003","unstructured":"Woods SW. Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. J Clin psychiatry. 2003;64:663\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin psychiatry"},{"key":"1673_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3428","volume":"16","author":"E Eldar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eldar E, Cohen JD, Niv Y. The effects of neural gain on attention and learning. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16:1146\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1673_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00824-6","volume":"24","author":"JM Shine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shine JM, M\u00fcller EJ, Munn B, Cabral J, Moran RJ, Breakspear M. Computational models link cellular mechanisms of neuromodulation to large-scale neural dynamics. Nat Neurosci. 2021;24:765\u201376.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1673_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52443","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52443","volume":"9","author":"A Hahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hahn A, Breakspear M, Rischka L, Wadsak W, Godbersen GM, Pichler V, et al. Reconfiguration of functional brain networks and metabolic cost converge during task performance. Elife. 2020;9:e52443.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1673_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31130","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.31130","volume":"7","author":"JM Shine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shine JM, Aburn MJ, Breakspear M, Poldrack RA. The modulation of neural gain facilitates a transition between functional segregation and integration in the brain. Elife. 2018;7:e31130.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1673_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1385\/NI:2:2:175","volume":"2","author":"AR McIntosh","year":"2004","unstructured":"McIntosh AR. Contexts and catalysts. Neuroinformatics. 2004;2:175\u201381.","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"1673_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.07.014","volume":"176","author":"K Friston","year":"2016","unstructured":"Friston K, Brown HR, Siemerkus J, Stephan KE. The dysconnection hypothesis (2016). Schizophr Res. 2016;176:83\u201394.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1673_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602413113","volume":"113","author":"A Eklund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eklund A, Nichols TE, Knutsson H. Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113:7900\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1673_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23839","volume":"40","author":"G Flandin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flandin G, Friston KJ. Analysis of family\u2010wise error rates in statistical parametric mapping using random field theory. Hum Brain Mapp. 2019;40:2052\u20134.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1673_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S80","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr064","volume":"37","author":"T Wykes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wykes T, Spaulding WD. Thinking about the future cognitive remediation therapy\u2014what works and could we do better? Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:S80\u2013S90.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01673-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01673-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01673-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T15:26:32Z","timestamp":1669908392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-021-01673-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01673-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2158-3188"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. Bjorn Burgher\u2014conflicts of interest: his employer has received funding from Lundbeck Australia for his presentations at educational events. He is a director of the private company, Queensland Neurostimulation Centre, which provides transcranial magnetic stimulation. Professor James Scott\u2014conflicts of interest: his employer has received funding from Lundbeck Australia and Janssen Cilag for his presentations at educational events and his participation on advisory boards. A\/Professor Luca Cocchi\u2014conflicts of interest: he is a director of the private company, Queensland Neurostimulation Centre, which provides transcranial magnetic stimulation. Ms. Genevieve Whybird, Mr. Nikitas Koussis, and Professor Michael Breakspear declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"549"}}