{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:07:46Z","timestamp":1792224466743,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perceived stress impairs cognitive function across the adult lifespan, but the extent to which cognition decline is variable across individuals. Individual differences in the stress response are described as personality traits. Substantial individual differences in the magnitude of cognitive impairment that is induced by short-term perceived stress are poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that the relationship between short-term perceived stress and different aspects of cognition is mediated by personality traits. The study included 1066 participants with behavior and neuroimaging data from the Human Connectome Project after excluding individuals with missing variables. In the result, the parallel multiple mediation model demonstrated that the influence of perceived stress on the total and crystalized cognition is mainly mediated by neuroticism (indirect effect\u2009=\u2009\u22120.04, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and conscientiousness (indirect effect = 0.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in adults. Cortical thickness value (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091066) of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) showed not only positive correlations with short-term perceived stress and neuroticism, but negative associations with cognition. The chain mediation model found that the right SFG and neuroticism play a small but significant chain mediating effect between stress and total cognition. The strength of the resting-state functional connectivity (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009968) between the left orbitofrontal cortex versus the left superior medial frontal cortex was positively correlated with crystallized cognition and negatively associated with conscientiousness. These results extend previous findings by the impacts of short-term perceived stress on cognitive function is mediated by neuroticism and the right SFG was the underlying neural mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01929-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T10:33:06Z","timestamp":1652351586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The effect of perceived stress on cognition is mediated by personality and the underlying neural mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ximei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5866-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyu","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haohao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2025-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0742-9072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7465-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhua","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1929_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2190\/t43t-84p3-qdur-7rtp","volume":"5","author":"RS Lazarus","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lazarus RS. Psychological stress and coping in adaptation and illness. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1974;5:321\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/t43t-84p3-qdur-7rtp.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"1929_CR2","first-page":"137","volume":"14","author":"M Mirzaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirzaei M, Yasini Ardekani SM, Mirzaei M, Dehghani A. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among adult population: Results of yazd health study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2019;14:137\u201346.","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1929_CR3","first-page":"207","volume":"59","author":"MS Sherina","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sherina MS, Rampal L, Kaneson N. Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students. Med J Malays. 2004;59:207\u201311.","journal-title":"Med J Malays"},{"key":"1929_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.12.007","volume":"23","author":"S Thom\u00e9e","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thom\u00e9e S, Ekl\u00f6f M, Gustafsson E, Nilsson R, Hagberg M. Prevalence of perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use among young adults\u2014an explorative prospective study. Comput Hum Behav. 2007;23:1300\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2004.12.007.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"1929_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luethi, M, Meier, B, Sandi, C. Stress effects on working memory, explicit memory, and implicit memory for neutral and emotional stimuli in healthy men. Front Behav Neurosci. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/neuro.08.005.2008.","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.08.005.2008"},{"key":"1929_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2011.624224","volume":"15","author":"V Hidalgo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hidalgo V, Villada C, Almela M, Esp\u00edn L, G\u00f3mez-Amor J, Salvador A. Enhancing effects of acute psychosocial stress on priming of non-declarative memory in healthy young adults. Stress. 2012;15:329\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10253890.2011.624224.","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"1929_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503082102.","volume":"102","author":"J Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang J, Rao H, Wetmore JS, Furlan PM, Korczykowski M, Dinges DF, et al. Perfusion functional MRI reveals cerebral blood flow pattern under psychological stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:17804\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0503082102.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1929_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2639.","volume":"10","author":"SJ Lupien","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lupien SJ, McEwen BS, Gunnar MR, Heim C. Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour, and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:434\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2639.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1929_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.052","volume":"246","author":"BM Sweis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sweis BM, Veverka KK, Dhillon ES, Urban JH, Lucas LR. Individual differences in the effects of chronic stress on memory: Behavioral and neurochemical correlates of resiliency. Neuroscience. 2013;246:142\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.052.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1929_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2018.10.004.","volume":"133","author":"N Tsai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsai N, Eccles JS, Jaeggi SM. Stress and executive control: Mechanisms, moderators, and malleability. Brain Cogn. 2019;133:54\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandc.2018.10.004.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"1929_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsx043.","volume":"12","author":"N Kohn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kohn N, Hermans EJ, Fern\u00e1ndez G. Cognitive benefit and cost of acute stress is differentially modulated by individual brain state. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2017;12:1179\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsx043.","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"1929_CR12","unstructured":"Folkman, S, Lazarus, RS. Psychological and biological approaches to emotion. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Psychology Press 1990. 313\u201332."},{"key":"1929_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(03)00091-X.","volume":"29","author":"H Ursin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ursin H, Eriksen HR. The cognitive activation theory of stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29:567\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4530(03)00091-X.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1929_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews, G, Deary, IJ, Whiteman, MC Personality traits. Cambridge University Press; 2003.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511812736"},{"key":"1929_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/per.1929.","volume":"28","author":"H Riese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Riese H, Snieder H, Jeronimus BF, Korhonen T, Rose R, Kaprio J, et al. Timing of stressful life events affects stability and change of neuroticism. Eur J Pers 2014;28:193\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.1929.","journal-title":"Eur J Pers"},{"key":"1929_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066x.48.1.26.","volume":"48","author":"LR Goldberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goldberg LR. The structure of phenotypic personality traits. Am Psychol. 1993;48:26\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0003-066x.48.1.26.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"1929_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12286.","volume":"86","author":"W Bleidorn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bleidorn W, Hopwood CJ, Lucas RE. Life events and personality trait change. J Pers. 2018;86:83\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopy.12286.","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"key":"1929_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023743.","volume":"101","author":"O L\u00fcdtke","year":"2011","unstructured":"L\u00fcdtke O, Roberts BW, Trautwein U, Nagy G. A random walk down university avenue: life paths, life events, and personality trait change at the transition to university life. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011;101:620\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023743.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1929_CR19","unstructured":"Jeronimus, B, Riese, H, Ormel, J. Environmental influences on neuroticism in adulthood: A systematic review Ridderprint BV Press; 2015;75\u2013131."},{"key":"1929_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31804b419d.","volume":"15","author":"MF Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin MF, Ko HC, Wu JY, Chang FM. The impact of extroversion or menopause status on depressive symptoms among climacteric women in Taiwan: Neuroticism as moderator or mediator? Menopause. 2008;15:138\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gme.0b013e31804b419d.","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1929_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22262.","volume":"31","author":"CH Vinkers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vinkers CH, Jo\u00ebls M, Milaneschi Y, Kahn RS, Penninx B, Boks M. Stress exposure across the life span cumulatively increases depression risk and is moderated by neuroticism. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31:737\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22262.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"1929_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155798832110543","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883211054351.","volume":"15","author":"D Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li D, Cui Y, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Zeng Y, Cheng A. A chain mediation model of perceived stress, neuroticism, and psychological inflexibility on depressive symptoms of chinese new fathers. Am J Mens Health. 2021;15:15579883211054351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15579883211054351.","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"1929_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018751.","volume":"25","author":"AR Sutin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sutin AR, Costa PT, Wethington E, Eaton W. Turning points and lessons learned: Stressful life events and personality trait development across middle adulthood. Psychol Aging. 2010;25:524\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0018751.","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"1929_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617716000527.","volume":"22","author":"RJ Caselli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caselli RJ, Dueck AC, Locke DE, Henslin BR, Johnson TA, Woodruff BK, et al. Impact of personality on cognitive aging: a prospective cohort study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2016;22:765\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617716000527.","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"1929_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-190459.","volume":"71","author":"I Rouch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rouch I, Padovan C, Pongan E, Boublay N, Laurent B, Dorey JM, et al. Personality traits are related to selective cognitive impairment in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;71:1153\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-190459.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1929_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000374.","volume":"34","author":"M Wettstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wettstein M, Wahl HW, Siebert J, Schr\u00f6der J. Still more to learn about late-life cognitive development: How personality and health predict 20-year cognitive trajectories. Psychol Aging. 2019;34:714\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pag0000374.","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"1929_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12548.","volume":"88","author":"SS Simon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simon SS, Lee S, Stern Y. Personality-cognition associations across the adult life span and potential moderators: Results from two cohorts. J Pers. 2020;88:1025\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopy.12548.","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"key":"1929_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2005.06.003.","volume":"16","author":"J Moutafi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moutafi J, Furnham A, Crump J. What facets of openness and conscientiousness predict fluid intelligence score? Learn Individ Differ. 2006;16:31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2005.06.003.","journal-title":"Learn Individ Differ"},{"key":"1929_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2003.11.010.","volume":"37","author":"J Moutafi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moutafi J, Furnham A, Paltiel L. Why is conscientiousness negatively correlated with intelligence? Pers Individ Dif. 2004;37:1013\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2003.11.010.","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"1929_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00671.x.","volume":"49","author":"JM Arana","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arana JM, Meilan JJ, Perez E. The effect of personality variables in the prediction of the execution of different prospective memory tasks in the laboratory. Scand J Psychol. 2008;49:403\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00671.x.","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"1929_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2007.00570.x.","volume":"48","author":"C Cuttler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cuttler C, Graf P. Personality predicts prospective memory task performance: An adult lifespan study. Scand J Psychol. 2007;48:215\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2007.00570.x.","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"1929_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.06.023.","volume":"38","author":"J Moutafi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moutafi J, Furnham A, Paltiel L. Can personality factors predict intelligence? Pers Indiv Differ. 2005;38:1021\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2004.06.023.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"1929_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rammstedt, B, Lechner, CM, Danner, D. Relationships between personality and cognitive ability: A facet-level analysis. J Intell. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jintelligence6020028.","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence6020028"},{"key":"1929_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.06.028.","volume":"79","author":"BS McEwen","year":"2013","unstructured":"McEwen BS, Morrison JH. The brain on stress: vulnerability and plasticity of the prefrontal cortex over the life course. Neuron. 2013;79:16\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.06.028.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1929_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs151.","volume":"23","author":"M Hinwood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hinwood M, Tynan RJ, Charnley JL, Beynon SB, Day TA, Walker FR. Chronic stress induced remodeling of the prefrontal cortex: Structural re-organization of microglia and the inhibitory effect of minocycline. Cereb Cortex. 2013;23:1784\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhs151.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1929_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4087.","volume":"18","author":"AF Arnsten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arnsten AF. Stress weakens prefrontal networks: Molecular insults to higher cognition. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:1376\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4087.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1929_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.03.006.","volume":"66","author":"S Qin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qin S, Hermans E, van Marle H, Luo J, Fern\u00e1ndez G. Acute psychological stress reduces working memory-related activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;66:25\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.03.006.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1929_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.05.036.","volume":"96","author":"L Luettgau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luettgau L, Schlagenhauf F, Sjoerds Z. Acute and past subjective stress influence working memory and related neural substrates. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018;96:25\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.05.036.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1929_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002403.","volume":"47","author":"A Saleh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saleh A, Potter GG, McQuoid DR, Boyd B, Turner R, MacFall JR, et al. Effects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology. Psychol Med. 2017;47:171\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291716002403.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1929_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.56.","volume":"18","author":"C Schilling","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schilling C, K\u00fchn S, Paus T, Romanowski A, Banaschewski T, Barbot A, et al. Cortical thickness of superior frontal cortex predicts impulsiveness and perceptual reasoning in adolescence. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;18:624\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2012.56.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1929_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz108.","volume":"30","author":"N Parker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parker N, Vidal-Pineiro D, French L, Shin J, Adams H, Brodaty H, et al. Corticosteroids and regional variations in thickness of the human cerebral cortex across the lifespan. Cereb Cortex. 2020;30:575\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhz108.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1929_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102163.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102163","volume":"73","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Li X, Qiao Y, Shang R, Shi J, Shang Y. et al. Widespread plasticity of cognition-related brain networks in single-sided deafness revealed by randomized window-based dynamic functional connectivity. Med Image Anal. 2021;73:102163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2021.102163.","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"1929_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32248-x.","volume":"8","author":"P Mulders","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mulders P, Llera A, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P, Beckmann C. Personality profiles are associated with functional brain networks related to cognition and emotion. Sci Rep. 2018;8:13874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32248-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1929_CR44","unstructured":"Human Connectome Project. http:\/\/www.humanconnectomeproject.org\/ (accessed Feb 27, 2022)."},{"key":"1929_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041.","volume":"80","author":"DC Van Essen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Essen DC, Smith SM, Barch DM, Behrens T, Yacoub E, Ugurbil K, et al. The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: An overview. Neuroimage. 2013;80:62\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1929_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872e11.","volume":"80","author":"J Salsman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salsman J, Butt Z, Pilkonis PA, Cyranowski JM, Zill N, Hendrie HC, et al. Emotion assessment using the NIH Toolbox. Neurology. 2013;80:S76\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872e11.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1929_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","volume":"24","author":"S Cohen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:385\u201396.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"1929_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(03)00118-1","volume":"36","author":"RR Mccrae","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mccrae RR, Costa PT. A contemplated revision of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Pers Indiv Differ. 2004;36:587\u201396.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"1929_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/mono.12038.","volume":"78","author":"N Akshoomoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akshoomoff N, Beaumont JL, Bauer PJ, Dikmen SS, Gershon RC, Mungas D, et al. VIII. NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB): Composite scores of crystallized, fluid, and overall cognition. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 2013;78:119\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mono.12038.","journal-title":"Monogr Soc Res Child Dev"},{"key":"1929_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872ded.","volume":"80","author":"S Weintraub","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weintraub S, Dikmen SS, Heaton RK, Tulsky DS, Zelazo PD, Bauer PJ, et al. Cognition assessment using the NIH Toolbox. Neurology. 2013;80:S54\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872ded.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1929_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cattell, RB. Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. J Educ Psychol. 1963;54:1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046743"},{"key":"1929_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617714000241.","volume":"20","author":"RK Heaton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heaton RK, Akshoomoff N, Tulsky D, Mungas D, Weintraub S, Dikmen S, et al. Reliability and validity of composite scores from the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014;20:588\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617714000241.","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"1929_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jedm.12050","volume":"51","author":"JH Bolin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolin JH, Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. J Educ Meas. 2014;51:335\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jedm.12050.","journal-title":"J Educ Meas"},{"key":"1929_CR54","unstructured":"Hayes, AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Publications; 2017."},{"key":"1929_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127.","volume":"80","author":"MF Glasser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Glasser MF, Sotiropoulos SN, Wilson JA, Coalson TS, Fischl B, Andersson JL, et al. The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project. Neuroimage. 2013;80:105\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1929_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.039.","volume":"80","author":"SM Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith SM, Beckmann CF, Andersson J, Auerbach EJ, Bijsterbosch J, Douaud G, et al. Resting-state fMRI in the Human Connectome Project. Neuroimage. 2013;80:144\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.039.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1929_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.081.","volume":"82","author":"X Shen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shen X, Tokoglu F, Papademetris X, Constable RT. Groupwise whole-brain parcellation from resting-state fMRI data for network node identification. Neuroimage. 2013;82:403\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.081.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1929_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.041.","volume":"53","author":"A Zalesky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zalesky A, Fornito A, Bullmore ET. Network-based statistic: Identifying differences in brain networks. Neuroimage. 2010;53:1197\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.041.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1929_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2016.07.008.","volume":"64","author":"GS Shields","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shields GS, Toussaint LL, Slavich GM. Stress-related changes in personality: A longitudinal study of perceived stress and trait pessimism. J Res Pers. 2016;64:61\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2016.07.008.","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"1929_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.06.013","volume":"45","author":"ER Thompson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thompson ER. Development and validation of an international english big-five mini-markers. Pers Indiv Differ. 2008;45:542\u20138.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"1929_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.2.247.","volume":"126","author":"M Muraven","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muraven M, Baumeister R. Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychol Bull. 2000;126:247\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.126.2.247.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"1929_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2011.06.007.","volume":"45","author":"A Soubelet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Soubelet A. Age-cognition relations and the personality trait of conscientiousness. J Res Pers. 2011;45:529\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2011.06.007.","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"1929_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00214.x","volume":"53","author":"JA Lepine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lepine JA, Colquitt JA, Erez A. Adaptability to changing task contexts: Effects of general cognitive ability, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Pers Psychol. 2000;53:563\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00214.x.","journal-title":"Pers Psychol"},{"key":"1929_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2017.03.015.","volume":"57","author":"P T\u00f5ugu","year":"2017","unstructured":"T\u00f5ugu P, Tulviste T. Links between children\u2019s language comprehension and expressive vocabulary and their personality traits: A longitudinal investigation. Learn Individ Differ. 2017;57:123\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2017.03.015.","journal-title":"Learn Individ Differ"},{"key":"1929_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2410080407","volume":"8","author":"CR Brand","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brand CR. Open to experience\u2014closed to intelligence: Why the \u2018Big Five\u2019 are really the \u2018Comprehensive Six\u2019. Eur J Pers. 1994;8:299\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.2410080407.","journal-title":"Eur J Pers"},{"key":"1929_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1006\/jrpe.1999.2276","volume":"34","author":"MC Ashton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ashton MC, Lee K, Vernon PA, Jang KL. Fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and the openness\/intellect factor. J Res Pers. 2000;34:198\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jrpe.1999.2276.","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"1929_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl244","volume":"129","author":"F du Boisgueheneuc","year":"2006","unstructured":"du Boisgueheneuc F, Levy R, Volle E, Seassau M, Duffau H, Kinkingnehun S, et al. Functions of the left superior frontal gyrus in humans: A lesion study. Brain. 2006;129:3315\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awl244.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1929_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2648.","volume":"10","author":"AFT Arnsten","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arnsten AFT. Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:410\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2648.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1929_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2014.10.002.","volume":"1","author":"AFT Arnsten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arnsten AFT, Raskind MA, Taylor FB, Connor DF. The effects of stress exposure on prefrontal cortex: Translating basic research into successful treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. Neurobiol Stress. 2015;1:89\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynstr.2014.10.002.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"1929_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht357.","volume":"25","author":"HG Schnack","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schnack HG, van Haren NEM, Brouwer RM, Evans A, Durston S, Boomsma DI, et al. Changes in thickness and surface area of the human cortex and their relationship with intelligence. Cereb Cortex. 2014;25:1608\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bht357.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1929_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6454","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6454.","volume":"95","author":"R Soufer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Soufer R, Bremner JD, Arrighi JA, Cohen I, Zaret BL, Burg MM, et al. Cerebral cortical hyperactivation in response to mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:6454\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6454.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1929_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9898-9.","volume":"13","author":"J Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang J, Yu R. Acute social stress modulates coherence regional homogeneity. Brain Imaging Behav. 2019;13:762\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-018-9898-9.","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"1929_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134728.","volume":"718","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu X, Wang K, Cao A, Zhang Y, Qiu J. Personality traits and negative affect mediate the relationship between cortical thickness of superior frontal cortex and aggressive behavior. Neurosci Lett. 2020;718:134728 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134728.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1929_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21243.","volume":"33","author":"P Premkumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Premkumar P, Ettinger U, Inchley-Mort S, Sumich A, Williams SCR, Kuipers E, et al. Neural processing of social rejection: the role of schizotypal personality traits. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33:695\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.21243.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1929_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.03.015.","volume":"50","author":"I Goldberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goldberg I, Harel M, Malach R. When the brain loses its self: Prefrontal inactivation during sensorimotor processing. Neuron. 2006;50:329\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.03.015.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1929_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1747.","volume":"6","author":"ML Kringelbach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kringelbach ML. The human orbitofrontal cortex: linking reward to hedonic experience. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005;6:691\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1747.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1929_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.295.","volume":"10","author":"A Bechara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio AR. Emotion, decision making, and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex. 2000;10:295\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.295.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1929_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.284.","volume":"10","author":"ET Rolls","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rolls ET. The orbitofrontal cortex and reward. Cereb Cortex. 2000;10:284\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.284.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1929_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.03.059.","volume":"56","author":"T-Y Hsu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsu T-Y, Tseng LY, Yu JX, Kuo WJ, Hung DL, Tzeng OJL, et al. Modulating inhibitory control with direct current stimulation of the superior medial frontal cortex. NeuroImage. 2011;56:2249\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.03.059.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1929_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39516","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039516.","volume":"7","author":"L Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu L, Zeng LL, Li Y, Ma Q, Li B, Shen H, et al. Altered cerebellar functional connectivity with intrinsic connectivity networks in adults with major depressive disorder. PloS One. 2012;7:e39516 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0039516.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"1929_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.01.006.","volume":"13","author":"L Pessoa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pessoa L. How do emotion and motivation direct executive control? Trends Cogn Sci. 2009;13:160\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2009.01.006.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1929_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008X288385.","volume":"50","author":"G Klein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klein G. Naturalistic decision making. Hum Factors. 2008;50:456\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872008X288385.","journal-title":"Hum Factors"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-022-01929-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-022-01929-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-022-01929-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T19:31:17Z","timestamp":1669231877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-022-01929-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-022-01929-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"199"}}