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Neuroimaging research on trauma has primarily focused on threat-processing circuitry as core to trauma-related dysfunction. Conversely, limited attention has been given to visual circuitry which may be particularly relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prior work suggests that the ventral visual stream is directly related to the cognitive and affective disturbances observed in PTSD and may be predictive of later symptom expression. The present study used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009278) collected two weeks after trauma exposure from the AURORA study, a longitudinal, multisite investigation of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae. Indices of gray and white matter were combined using data fusion to identify a structural covariance network (SCN) of the ventral visual stream 2 weeks after trauma. Participant\u2019s loadings on the SCN were positively associated with both intrusion symptoms and intensity of nightmares. Further, SCN loadings moderated connectivity between a previously observed amygdala-hippocampal functional covariance network and the inferior temporal gyrus. Follow-up MRI data at 6 months showed an inverse relationship between SCN loadings and negative alterations in cognition in mood. Further, individuals who showed decreased strength of the SCN between 2 weeks and 6 months had generally higher PTSD symptom severity over time. The present findings highlight a role for structural integrity of the ventral visual stream in the development of PTSD. The ventral visual stream may be particularly important for the consolidation or retrieval of trauma memories and may contribute to efficient reactivation of visual components of the trauma memory, thereby exacerbating PTSD symptoms. Potentially chronic engagement of the network may lead to reduced structural integrity which becomes a risk factor for lasting PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02085-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T15:03:44Z","timestamp":1659971024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Structural covariance of the ventral visual stream predicts posttraumatic intrusion and nightmare symptoms: a multivariate data fusion analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nathaniel G.","family":"Harnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6298-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Finegold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A. 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Clin Psychol Psychother. 2021;28:109\u201323.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-022-02085-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-022-02085-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-022-02085-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T19:40:31Z","timestamp":1669232431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-022-02085-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-022-02085-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. Lebois reports unpaid membership on the Scientific Committee for the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD), grant support from the National Institute of Mental Health, K01 MH118467, and spousal IP payments from Vanderbilt University for technology licensed to Acadia Pharmaceuticals unrelated to the present work. ISSTD and NIMH were not involved in the analysis or preparation of the manuscript. Dr. Neylan has received research support from NIH, VA, and Rainwater Charitable Foundation, and consulting income from Jazz Pharmaceuticals. In the last 3 years, Dr. Clifford has received research funding from the NSF, NIH and LifeBell AI, and unrestricted donations from AliveCor, Amazon Research, the Center for Discovery, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, MathWorks, Microsoft Research, the Gates Foundation, Google, One Mind Foundation, and Samsung Research. Dr. Clifford has financial interest in AliveCor, and receives unrestricted funding from the company. Dr. Clifford also is the CTO of MindChild Medical and CSO of LifeBell AI and has ownership in both companies. These relationships are unconnected to the current work. In the past three years, Dr. Germine has served on the Scientific Advisory Board of Sage Bionetworks, for which she received a small honorarium. Dr. Rauch reports grants from NIH during the conduct of the study; personal fees from SOBP (Society of Biological Psychiatry) paid role as secretary, other from Oxford University Press royalties, other from APP (American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.) royalties, other from VA (Veterans Administration) per diem for oversight committee, and other from Community Psychiatry\/Mindpath Health paid board service, including equity outside the submitted work; other from National Association of Behavioral Healthcare for paid Board service; and Leadership roles on Board or Council for SOBP, ADAA (Anxiety and Depression Association of America), and NNDC (National Network of Depression Centers). Dr. Hendry has received funding from Florida Medical Malpractice Joint Underwriter\u2019s Association Dr. Alvin E. Smith Safety of Healthcare Services Grant; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (1H79TI083101-01); Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) grant funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dr. Sheikh has received funding from the Florida Medical Malpractice Joint Underwriter\u2019s Association Dr. Alvin E. Smith Safety of Healthcare Services Grant; Allergan Foundation; the NIH\/NIA-funded Jacksonville Aging Studies Center (JAX-ASCENT; R33AG05654); and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (1H79TI083101-01); and the Florida Blue Foundation. Dr. Jones has no competing interests related to this work, though he has been an investigator on studies funded by AstraZeneca, Janssen, Holigic, Inc, and Ophirex. Dr. Joormann receives consulting payments from Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Over the past 3 years, Dr. Pizzagalli has received consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Compass Pathways, Concert Pharmaceuticals, Engrail Therapeutics, Neumora Therapeutics (former BlackThorn Therapeutics) Neurocrine Biosciences, Neuroscience Software, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals; honoraria from the Psychonomic Society (for editorial work) and Alkermes, and research funding from NIMH, Dana Foundation, Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, and Millennium Pharmaceuticals. In addition, he has received stock options from Compass Pathways, Engrail Therapeutics, Neumora Therapeutics (former BlackThorn Therapeutics) and Neuroscience Software. Dr. Elliott reports support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through Grant Numbers R01HD079076 & R03HD094577: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development; National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research. He also reports funding from New South Wales Health, Spinal Cord Injury Award (2020\u20132025) and consulting fees (<$15,000 per annum) from Orofacial Therapeutics, LLC. In the past 3 years, Dr. Kessler was a consultant for Datastat, Inc., Holmusk, RallyPoint Networks, Inc., and Sage Pharmaceuticals. He has stock options in Mirah, PYM, and Roga Sciences. Dr. Ressler has received consulting income from Alkermes, Jazz Pharma, Bioxcel, Bionomics, and Takeda, research support from NIH, Alkermes, Genomind, Alto Neuroscience, and Brainsway, and he has served on advisory boards for Sage, Takeda, Resilience Therapeutics, Janssen and Verily. The remaining authors report no financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"321"}}