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Patients with a diagnosis of obesity may show long-lasting increases in risk for receiving psychiatric co-diagnoses. Austrian national registry data of inpatient services from 1997 to 2014 were analyzed to detect associations between a hospital diagnosis of obesity (ICD-10: E66) and disorders grouped by level-3 ICD-10 codes. Data were stratified by age decades and associations between each pair of diagnoses were computed with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method, providing odds ratios (OR) and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    values corrected for multiple testing. Further, directions of the associations were assessed by calculating time-order-ratios. Receiving a diagnosis of obesity significantly increased the odds for a large spectrum of psychiatric disorders across all age groups, including depression, psychosis-spectrum, anxiety, eating and personality disorders (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>corr<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01, all OR\u2009&gt;\u20091.5). For all co-diagnoses except for psychosis-spectrum, obesity was significantly more often the diagnosis received first. Further, significant sex differences were found for most disorders, with women showing increased risk for all disorders except schizophrenia and nicotine addiction. In addition to the well-recognized role in promoting disorders related to the metabolic syndrome and severe cardiometabolic sequalae, obesity commonly precedes severe mental health disorders. Risk is most pronounced in young age groups and particularly increased in female patients. Consequently, thorough screening for mental health problems in patients with obesity is urgently called for to allow prevention and facilitate adequate treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02447-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T21:02:17Z","timestamp":1685394137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Obesity as pleiotropic risk state for metabolic and mental health throughout life"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Leutner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elma","family":"Dervic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luise","family":"Bellach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1187-6713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Thurner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kautzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2447_CR1","unstructured":"World-Health-Organisation. 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This is a consolidated research database that is only accessible for selected partners under a strict data protection policy. Use of the data takes place in agreement and cooperation with the data owner. The data contains no names of individual patients or health care provider. All unique identifiers, such as the social security number, have been removed along with postal codes and the date of birth for the patients. Only district information and year of birth is available. All team members working with the data have signed a confidentiality agreement and declaration of commitment ensuring that research will be undertaken in accordance with the applicable data protection regulations. Consequently, the study is not eligible for an ethics vote of the relevant national committees on human experimentation. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}],"article-number":"175"}}