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We have previously shown that an elevated ECS response to psychostimulant (cocaine) is involved in regulating the development and expression of cocaine-conditioned reward and sensitization. We therefore hypothesized that drug-induced elevation in endocannabinoids (eCBs) and\/or eCB-like molecules (eCB-Ls) may represent a protective mechanism against drug insult, and boosting their levels exogenously may strengthen their neuroprotective effects. Here, we determine the involvement of ECS in alcohol addiction. We first measured the eCBs and eCB-Ls levels in different brain reward system regions following chronic alcohol self-administration using LC\u2013MS. We have found that following chronic intermittent alcohol consumption,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -oleoyl glycine (OlGly) levels were significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -oleoyl alanine (OlAla) was significantly elevated in the PFC, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in a region-specific manner. We next tested whether exogenous administration of OlGly or OlAla would attenuate alcohol consumption and preference. We found that systemic administration of OlGly or OlAla (60\u2009mg\/kg, intraperitoneal) during intermittent alcohol consumption significantly reduced alcohol intake and preference without affecting the hedonic state. These findings suggest that the ECS negatively regulates alcohol consumption and boosting selective eCBs exogenously has beneficial effects against alcohol consumption and potentially in preventing relapse.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02574-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T10:02:41Z","timestamp":1690797761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["N-oleoyl glycine and N-oleoyl alanine attenuate alcohol self-administration and preference in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2123-4351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah","family":"Shahen-Zoabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Smoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5498-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Bingor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etty","family":"Grad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Nemirovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tawfeeq","family":"Shekh-Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Mechoulam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2372-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rami","family":"Yaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2574_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000057122.36127.C2","volume":"27","author":"GF Koob","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koob GF. 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