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Increasing evidence has recognized the key role of the gut microbiota in SZ. However, few studies have investigated the potential link between oral microbiota and SZ. We studied the tongue coating microbiota and inflammatory profiles of 118 elderly SZ patients and 97 age-matched healthy controls using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and multiplex immunoassays, respectively. Reduced \u03b1-diversity, along with a significant difference in \u03b2-diversity, were observed in patients with SZ. We have identified SZ-associated oral dysbiosis, characterized by increased <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, as well as decreased <jats:italic>Prevotell<\/jats:italic>a and <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>. These differential genera could potentially serve as biomarkers for SZ, either alone or in combination. Additionally, an elevated <jats:italic>Streptococcus\/Prevotella<\/jats:italic> ratio could indicate oral dysbiosis. These differential genera formed two distinct clusters: <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>-dominated and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>-dominated, which exhibited different correlations with the altered immunological profiles. Furthermore, we also observed disruptions in the inferred microbiota functions in SZ-associated microbiota, particularly in lipid and amino acid metabolism. Our study provides novel insights into the characteristics of tongue coating microbiota and its associations with immunological disturbances in elderly SZ patients, which offer new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of SZ in the elderly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02682-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T15:02:16Z","timestamp":1702134136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Altered oral microbiota and immune dysfunction in Chinese elderly patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9662-099X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongxin","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiumei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingbin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longyou","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guolin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2682_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby058","volume":"44","author":"FJ Charlson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Charlson FJ, Ferrari AJ, Santomauro DF, Diminic S, Stockings E, Scott JG, et al. 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