{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:39:32Z","timestamp":1791952772841,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZL 59\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZL 59\/4-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZL 59\/ 5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZL 59\/ 5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous research has shown that fear associated with one stimulus often spreads to other stimuli with similar perceptual features as well as across different stimulus categories. Exposure is considered as the most effective intervention to attenuate exaggerated fear. The extent to which exposure treatment effects can generalize to fears not targeted during treatment remains elusive. Previous studies on possible generalization of beneficial effects of exposure used stimuli sharing the same stimulus category and\/or stimuli having high perceptual similarity. The current study examined whether exposure treatment generalization can be achieved for untreated stimuli which do not share any perceptual resemblance and belong to a different fear category. An analogue sample of fifty participants with fear of spiders (animal-related fears) and heights (natural environment-related fears) was tested. Participants have been randomly assigned to either an exposure treatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) or a control condition (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926). Exposure treatment was designed to only target participants\u2019 fear of spiders, leaving their fear of heights untreated. Results demonstrated that the effects of exposure treatment generalized to fear of heights, as indicated by a reduction in behavioral avoidance, as well as self-reported acrophobia symptoms. The present study confutes the assumption that generalization of exposure effects to untreated fears is based on perceptual similarity. Clearly, further research is required to determine the decisive factors, in order to expand the generalization effect permanently to any given type of fear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02698-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T12:02:38Z","timestamp":1702987358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Generalization of beneficial exposure effects to untreated stimuli from another fear category"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1708-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Kodzaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekrem","family":"Dere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0594-4281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Zlomuzica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2698_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(97)00017-0","volume":"11","author":"PM Lewinsohn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lewinsohn PM, Zinbarg R, Seeley JR, Lewinsohn M, Sack WH. Lifetime comorbidity among anxiety disorders and between anxiety disorders and other mental disorders in adolescents. J Anxiety Disord. 1997;11:377\u201394.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"2698_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/08917779208248798","volume":"4","author":"GC Davey","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davey GC. Characteristics of individuals with fear of spiders. Anxiety Res. 1991;4:299\u2013314.","journal-title":"Anxiety Res"},{"key":"2698_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2014.10.001","volume":"46","author":"S Dymond","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dymond S, Dunsmoor JE, Vervliet B, Roche B, Hermans D. Fear generalization in humans: systematic review and implications for anxiety disorder research. Behav Ther. 2015;46:561\u201382.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3888","volume":"18","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Chattarji S. Neuronal encoding of the switch from specific to generalized fear. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:112\u201320.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2698_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.07.003","volume":"26","author":"AC Butler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT. The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006;26:17\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2698_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0415","volume":"69","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hofmann SG, Smits JAJ. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:621\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2698_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253843.70149.9a","volume":"195","author":"PJ Norton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Norton PJ, Price EC. A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195:521\u201331.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2698_CR8","unstructured":"Bandelow, B., Aden, I., Alpers, G. W., Benecke, A., Benecke, C., Beutel, M. E., et al. Deutsche S3-Leitlinie Behandlung von Angstst\u00f6rungen, Version 2, 2021."},{"key":"2698_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.006","volume":"58","author":"MG Craske","year":"2014","unstructured":"Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC, Zbozinek T, Vervliet B. Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach. Behav Res Ther. 2014;58:10\u201323.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104069","volume":"152","author":"MG Craske","year":"2022","unstructured":"Craske MG, Treanor M, Zbozinek TD, Vervliet B. Optimizing exposure therapy with an inhibitory retrieval approach and the OptEx Nexus. Behav Res Ther. 2022;152:104069.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.01.003","volume":"27","author":"RJ McNally","year":"2007","unstructured":"McNally RJ. Mechanisms of exposure therapy: how neuroscience can improve psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007;27:750\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2698_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roesmann K, Leehr EJ, B\u00f6hnlein J, Steinberg C, Seeger F, Schwarzmeier H, et al. Behavioral and magnetoencephalographic correlates of fear generalization are associated with responses to later virtual reality exposure therapy in spider phobia. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging, 2022;7:221\u201330.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.07.006"},{"key":"2698_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.003","volume":"46","author":"MG Craske","year":"2008","unstructured":"Craske MG, Kircanski K, Zelikowsky M, Mystkowski J, Chowdhury N, Baker A. Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46:5\u201327.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)10017-1","volume":"36","author":"MK Rowe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rowe MK, Craske MG. Effects of varied-stimulus exposure training on fear reduction and return of fear. Behav Res Ther. 1998;36:719\u201334.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.119","volume":"42","author":"F Preusser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Preusser F, Margraf J, Zlomuzica A. Generalization of extinguished fear to untreated fear stimuli after exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42:2545\u201352.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2698_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.04.015","volume":"46","author":"EF Pace-Schott","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pace-Schott EF, Verga PW, Bennett TS, Spencer RMC. Sleep promotes consolidation and generalization of extinction learning in simulated exposure therapy for spider fear. J Psychiatr Res. 2012;46:1036\u201344.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2698_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22356","volume":"32","author":"SP Byrne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Byrne SP, Rapee RM, Richardson R, Malhi GS, Jones M, Hudson JL. D-cycloserine enhances generalization of fear extinction in children. Depress Anxiety. 2015;32:408\u201314.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"2698_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(09)80011-9","volume":"29","author":"G Matchett","year":"1991","unstructured":"Matchett G, Davey GC. A test of a disease-avoidance model of animal phobias. Behav Res Ther. 1991;29:91\u201394.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00022-P","volume":"33","author":"SJ Thorpe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Thorpe SJ, Salkovskis PM. Phobic beliefs: do cognitive factors play a role in specific phobias? Behav Res Ther. 1995;33:805\u201316.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(69)90022-4","volume":"10","author":"S Agras","year":"1969","unstructured":"Agras S, Sylvester D, Oliveau D. The epidemiology of common fears and phobia. Compr Psychiatry. 1969;10:151\u20136.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2698_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margraf J. Mini-DIPS. Diagnostisches Kurzinterview bei psychischen St\u00f6rungen. Heidelberg: Springer; 1994.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-06753-6"},{"key":"2698_CR22","unstructured":"Hautzinger M, Keller F, K\u00fchner C. Das Beck Depressions Inventar II. Bearbeitung und Handbuch zum BDI II. Frankfurt, Harcourt Test Services, 2006."},{"key":"2698_CR23","unstructured":"Laux L. Das State-Trait-Angstinventar (STAI) theoretische Grundlagen und Handanweisung, Beltz, 1981."},{"key":"2698_CR24","unstructured":"Jerusalem M, Schwarzer R. Skala zur Allgemeinen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (SWE). In: Skalen zur Erfassung von Lehrer- und Sch\u00fclermerkmalen. Dokumentation der psychometrischen Verfahren im Rahmen der Wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Modellversuchs Selbstwirksame Schulen, 1999."},{"key":"2698_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1026\/\/0012-1924.48.3.141","volume":"48","author":"M Rinck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rinck M, Bundschuh S, Engler S, M\u00fcller A, Wissmann J, Ellwart T. Reliabilit\u00e4t und Validit\u00e4t dreier Instrumente zur Messung von Angst vor Spinnen. Diagnostica. 2002;48:141\u20139.","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"2698_CR26","unstructured":"Hamm A. Spezifische Phobien. G\u00f6ttingen: Hogrefe; 2006."},{"key":"2698_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1026\/0084-5345.32.1.24","volume":"32","author":"P P\u00f6ssel","year":"2003","unstructured":"P\u00f6ssel P, Hautzinger M. Dysfunktionale \u00dcberzeugungen bei Spinnenangst. Z f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2003;32:24\u201330.","journal-title":"Z f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie"},{"key":"2698_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(77)80116-0","volume":"8","author":"DC Cohen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Cohen DC. Comparison of self-report and overt-behavioral procedures for assessing acrophobia. Behav Ther. 1977;8:17\u201323.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.01.007","volume":"44","author":"J Huijding","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huijding J, de Jong PJ. Specific predictive power of automatic spider-related affective associations for controllable and uncontrollable fear responses toward spiders. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44:161\u201376.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbct.2021.12.004","volume":"32","author":"JL Buchholz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buchholz JL, Blakey SM, Hellberg SN, Massing-Schaffer M, Reuman L, Ojalehto H, et al. Expectancy violation during exposure therapy: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Behav Cogn Ther. 2022;32:13\u201324.","journal-title":"J Behav Cogn Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00022-8","volume":"34","author":"LG Ost","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ost LG. One-session group treatment of spider phobia. Behav Res Ther. 1996;34:707\u201315.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.05.001","volume":"25","author":"SA Steinman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steinman SA, Teachman BA. Cognitive processing and acrophobia: validating the Heights Interpretation Questionnaire. J Anxiety Disord. 2011;25:896\u2013902.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"2698_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-019-10018-x","volume":"43","author":"F Raeder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raeder F, Woud ML, Schneider S, Totzeck C, Adolph D, Margraf J, et al. Reactivation and evaluation of mastery experiences promotes exposure benefit in height phobia. Cogn Ther Res. 2019;43:948\u201358.","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"key":"2698_CR34","unstructured":"Wolpe J. The practice of behavior therapy. New York: Pergamon; 1990."},{"key":"2698_CR35","unstructured":"\u00d6st LG. Rapid treatment of specific phobias. In: Phobias: a handbook of theory, research and treatment. New York: Wiley; 1997."},{"key":"2698_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(98)80009-9","volume":"29","author":"RE Zinbarg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zinbarg RE. Concordance and synchrony in measures of anxiety and panic reconsidered: a hierarchical model of anxiety and panic. Behav Ther. 1998;29:301\u201323.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang PJ. Fear reduction and fear behavior: problems in treating a construct. In Shlien JM (ed). Research in psychotherapy. Washington: American Psychological Association; 1968, pp 90\u2013102.","DOI":"10.1037\/10546-004"},{"key":"2698_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.166","volume":"22","author":"JE LeDoux","year":"2017","unstructured":"LeDoux JE, Moscarello J, Sears R, Campese V. The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22:24\u201336.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2698_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(71)80064-3","volume":"2","author":"ME Seligman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Seligman ME. Phobias and preparedness. Behav Ther. 1971;2:307\u201320.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02069.x","volume":"30","author":"JJ Soares","year":"1993","unstructured":"Soares JJ, Ohman A. Backward masking and skin conductance responses after conditioning to nonfeared but fear-relevant stimuli in fearful subjects. Psychophysiology. 1993;30:460\u20136.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2698_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.121","volume":"102","author":"A Ohman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ohman A, Soares JJ. On the automatic nature of phobic fear: conditioned electrodermal responses to masked fear-relevant stimuli. J Abnorm Psychol. 1993;102:121\u201332.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"2698_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01669-4","volume":"52","author":"S Mineka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mineka S, Ohman A. Phobias and preparedness: the selective, automatic, and encapsulated nature of fear. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;52:927\u201337.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2698_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3095(94)90002-7","volume":"15","author":"IF Marks","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marks IF, Nesse RM. Fear and fitness: an evolutionary analysis of anxiety disorders. Ethol Sociobiol. 1994;15:247\u201361.","journal-title":"Ethol Sociobiol"},{"key":"2698_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104056","volume":"151","author":"AHK Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong AHK, Wirth FM, Pittig A. Avoidance of learnt fear: models, potential mechanisms, and future directions. Behav Res Ther. 2022;151:104056.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.52.4.505","volume":"52","author":"SL Williams","year":"1984","unstructured":"Williams SL, Dooseman G, Kleifield E. Comparative effectiveness of guided mastery and exposure treatments for intractable phobias. J Consulting Clin Psychol. 1984;52:505\u201318.","journal-title":"J Consulting Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2698_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","volume":"99","author":"EB Foa","year":"1986","unstructured":"Foa EB, Kozak MJ. Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bull. 1986;99:20\u201335.","journal-title":"Psychological Bull"},{"key":"2698_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(91)90044-4","volume":"29","author":"PM Salkovskis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Salkovskis PM, Clark DM, Hackmann A. Treatment of panic attacks using cognitive therapy without exposure or breathing retraining. Behav Res Ther. 1991;29:161\u20136.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2698_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craske MG, Mystkowski JL. Exposure therapy and extinction: clinical studies. In Fear and learning: From basic processes to clinical implications. Washington: American Psychological Association; 2006, 217\u201333.","DOI":"10.1037\/11474-011"},{"key":"2698_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22583","volume":"34","author":"TM Ball","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ball TM, Knapp SE, Paulus MP, Stein MB. Brain activation during fear extinction predicts exposure success. Depress Anxiety. 2017;34:257\u201366.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"2698_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.10.007","volume":"12","author":"L Helpman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Helpman L, Marin M-F, Papini S, Zhu X, Sullivan GM, Schneier F, et al. Neural changes in extinction recall following prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD: a longitudinal fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin. 2016;12:715\u201323.","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"2698_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96569","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096569","volume":"9","author":"E Vervoort","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vervoort E, Vervliet B, Bennett M, Baeyens F. Generalization of human fear acquisition and extinction within a novel arbitrary stimulus category. PLoS One. 2014;9:e96569.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2698_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.12.003","volume":"19","author":"JE Dunsmoor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dunsmoor JE, Murphy GL. Categories, concepts, and conditioning: how humans generalize fear. Trends Cogn Sci. 2015;19:73\u201377.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2698_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30169-X","volume":"5","author":"WW Eaton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eaton WW, Bienvenu OJ, Miloyan B. Specific phobias. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5:678\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2698_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richter J, Pittig A, Hollandt M, Lueken U. Bridging the gaps between basic science and cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders in routine care: Current status and future demands, Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychologie. 2017;225;252\u201367.","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000309"},{"key":"2698_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00068-7","volume":"40","author":"A Garcia-Palacios","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garcia-Palacios A, Hoffman H, Carlin A, Furness TA, Botella C. Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: a controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2002;40:983\u201393.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-023-02698-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-023-02698-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-023-02698-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T12:03:38Z","timestamp":1705493018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-023-02698-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02698-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2024","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the institutional review board of the ethics committee. Written informed consent was secured from all of the subjects. The authors assert that all of the procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Psychology at the Ruhr University Bochum, approval number: 036.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"401"}}