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However, oxidative stress-generated nucleoside damage has not been studied in young BD patients and their unaffected relatives (UR). Therefore, we compared oxidative stress-generated damage to DNA and RNA in young patients newly diagnosed with BD, UR, and healthy control individuals (HC). Systemic oxidative stress-generated DNA and RNA damage levels were compared by analyzing urinary levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine in participants aged 15\u201325 years, including 133 patients newly diagnosed with BD, 57 UR, and 83 HC. Compared with HC, damage to DNA was 21.8% higher in BD patients (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.218, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.111\u20131.335,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009&lt;0.001) and 22.5% higher in UR (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.225, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.090\u20131.377,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009&lt;0.002), while damage to RNA was 14.8% higher in BD patients (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.148, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.082\u20131.219,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009&lt;0.001) and 14.0% higher in UR (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.140, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.055\u20131.230,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in models adjusted for sex and age after correction for multiple comparison. Levels did not differ between patients with BD and UR. Our findings support higher oxidative stress-generated nucleoside damage being a trait phenomenon in BD associated with familial risk and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent illness progression and development of premature CVD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02772-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T04:03:13Z","timestamp":1707364993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Oxidation of DNA and RNA in young patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and relatives"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1568-2991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klara","family":"Coello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilari Jaakko Olavi","family":"M\u00e4kinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7781-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne Lie","family":"Kj\u00e6rstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Faurholt-Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamilla Woznica","family":"Miskowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Enghusen","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5982-1335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maj","family":"Vinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars Vedel","family":"Kessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2772_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0397-8","volume":"51","author":"EA Stahl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stahl EA, Breen G, Forstner AJ, McQuillin A, Ripke S, Trubetskoy V, et al. 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