{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:20:12Z","timestamp":1793319612725,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Project (ZKX20027)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have observed a significant comorbidity between Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and some other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanistic connections between neuropsychiatric disorders and AD are not well understood. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to appraise the potential influences of 18 neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders on AD. We found that four disorders are causally associated with increased risk for AD, including bipolar disorder (BD) (OR: 1.09), migraine (OR: 1.09), schizophrenia (OR: 1.05), and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) (OR: 1.07), while attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with a decreased risk for AD (OR: 0.80). In case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (OR: 1.04) and Tourette\u2019s syndrome (OR: 1.05), there was suggestive evidence of their causal effects of on AD. Our study shows that genetic components predisposing to BD, migraine, schizophrenia, and PD may promote the development of AD, while ADHD may be associated with a reduced risk of AD. The treatments aimed at alleviating neuropsychiatric diseases with earlier onset may also influence the risk of AD-related cognitive decline, which is typically observed later in life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02822-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T15:04:10Z","timestamp":1708700650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Causal influences of neuropsychiatric disorders on Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ancha","family":"Baranova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7410-6587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Chandhoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9358-8_16","volume":"1184","author":"G Gallardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gallardo G, Holtzman DM. Amyloid-\u03b2 and Tau at the crossroads of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1184:187\u2013203.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2822_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210365","volume":"83","author":"SJ van der Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Lee SJ, van Steenoven I, van de Beek M, Tesi N, Jansen IE, van Schoor NM, et al. Genetics contributes to concomitant pathology and clinical presentation in dementia with lewy bodies. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. 2021;83:269\u201379.","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"2822_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-019-02096-4","volume":"139","author":"S Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu S, Rao S, Xu Y, Li J, Huang H, Zhang X, et al. Identifying common genome-wide risk genes for major psychiatric traits. Hum Genet. 2020;139:185\u201398.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114679","volume":"314","author":"A Baranova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baranova A, Wang J, Cao H, Chen JH, Chen J, Chen M, et al. Shared genetics between autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and their association with extraversion. Psychiatry Res. 2022;314:114679.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2822_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110410","volume":"112","author":"H Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao H, Wang J, Baranova A, Zhang F. Classifying major mental disorders genetically. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022;112:110410.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00220","volume":"13","author":"OK Drange","year":"2019","unstructured":"Drange OK, Smeland OB, Shadrin AA, Finseth PI, Witoelar A, Frei O, et al. Genetic overlap between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and bipolar disorder implicates the MARK2 and VAC14 genes. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:220.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2822_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e145942","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI145942","volume":"132","author":"F Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang F, Rao S, Cao H, Zhang X, Wang Q, Xu Y, et al. Genetic evidence suggests posttraumatic stress disorder as a subtype of major depressive disorder. J Clin Invest. 2022;132:e145942.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2822_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddab328","volume":"31","author":"A Baranova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baranova A, Cao H, Zhang F. Shared genetic liability and causal effects between major depressive disorder and insomnia. Hum Mol Genet. 2022;31:1336\u201345.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00504-1","volume":"9","author":"RH Reynolds","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reynolds RH, Wagen AZ, Lona-Durazo F, Scholz SW, Shoai M, Hardy J, et al. Local genetic correlations exist among neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. NPJ Parkinson\u2019s Dis. 2023;9:70.","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinson\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"2822_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100996","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100996","volume":"36","author":"A Baranova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baranova A, Chandhoke V, Cao H, Zhang F. Shared genetics and bidirectional causal relationships between type 2 diabetes and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Gen Psychiatry. 2023;36:e100996.","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101006","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-101006","volume":"36","author":"A Baranova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baranova A, Zhao Y, Cao H, Zhang F. Causal associations between major depressive disorder and COVID-19. Gen Psychiatry. 2023;36:e101006.","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcad122","volume":"116","author":"H Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao H, Baranova A, Song Y, Chen JH, Zhang F. Causal associations and genetic overlap between COVID-19 and intelligence. QJM : monthly J Assoc Physicians. 2023;116:766\u201373.","journal-title":"QJM : monthly J Assoc Physicians"},{"key":"2822_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28264","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28264","volume":"95","author":"A Baranova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baranova A, Cao H, Teng S, Zhang F. A phenome-wide investigation of risk factors for severe COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2023;95:e28264.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2822_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z","volume":"54","author":"C Bellenguez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellenguez C, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckali F, Jansen IE, Kleineidam L, Moreno-Grau S, Amin N, et al. New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias. Nat Genet. 2022;54:412\u201336.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01285-8","volume":"55","author":"D Demontis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Demontis D, Walters GB, Athanasiadis G, Walters R, Therrien K, Nielsen TT, et al. Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains. Nat Genet. 2023;55:198\u2013208.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0275-1","volume":"21","author":"RK Walters","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walters RK, Polimanti R, Johnson EC, McClintick JN, Adams MJ, Adkins AE, et al. Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2018;21:1656\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2822_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.02.027","volume":"97","author":"A Nicolas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nicolas A, Kenna KP, Renton AE, Ticozzi N, Faghri F, Chia R, et al. Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene. Neuron 2018;97:1268\u201383.e6.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2822_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0439-2","volume":"51","author":"HJ Watson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watson HJ, Yilmaz Z, Thornton LM, H\u00fcbel C, Coleman JRI, Gaspar HA, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa. Nat Genet. 2019;51:1207\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.11","volume":"21","author":"T Otowa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Otowa T, Hek K, Lee M, Byrne EM, Mirza SS, Nivard MG, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of anxiety disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:1485.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8","volume":"51","author":"J Grove","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grove J, Ripke S, Als TD, Mattheisen M, Walters RK, Won H, et al. Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. Nat Genet. 2019;51:431\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00857-4","volume":"53","author":"N Mullins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mullins N, Forstner AJ, O\u2019Connell KS, Coombes B, Coleman JRI, Qiao Z, et al. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology. Nat Genet. 2021;53:817\u201329.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR22","unstructured":"Genome-wide mega-analysis identifies 16 loci and highlights diverse biological mechanisms in the common epilepsies. Nat Commun. 9:5269. (2018)."},{"key":"2822_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0333-3","volume":"51","author":"PR Jansen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jansen PR, Watanabe K, Stringer S, Skene N, Bryois J, Hammerschlag AR, et al. Genome-wide analysis of insomnia in 1,331,010 individuals identifies new risk loci and functional pathways. Nat Genet. 2019;51:394\u2013403.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0326-7","volume":"22","author":"DM Howard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howard DM, Adams MJ, Clarke TK, Hafferty JD, Gibson J, Shirali M, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22:343\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2822_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00990-0","volume":"54","author":"H Hautakangas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hautakangas H, Winsvold BS, Ruotsalainen SE, Bjornsdottir G, Harder AVE, Kogelman LJA, et al. Genome-wide analysis of 102,084 migraine cases identifies 123 risk loci and subtype-specific risk alleles. Nat Genet. 2022;54:152\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR26","unstructured":"Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility. Science. 365. eaav7188. (2019)."},{"key":"2822_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revealing the complex genetic architecture of obsessive-compulsive disorder using meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 23:1181\u20138. (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.154"},{"key":"2822_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","volume":"18","author":"MA Nalls","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nalls MA, Blauwendraat C, Vallerga CL, Heilbron K, Bandres-Ciga S, Chang D, et al. Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:1091\u2013102.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2822_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12576-w","volume":"10","author":"CM Nievergelt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Klengel T, Atkinson EG, Chen CY, Choi KW, et al. International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci. Nat Commun. 2019;10:4558.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2822_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04434-5","volume":"604","author":"V Trubetskoy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trubetskoy V, Pardi\u00f1as AF, Qi T, Panagiotaropoulou G, Awasthi S, Bigdeli TB, et al. Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature. 2022;604:502\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2822_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0058-3","volume":"50","author":"R Malik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malik R, Chauhan G, Traylor M, Sargurupremraj M, Okada Y, Mishra A, et al. Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes. Nat Genet. 2018;50:524\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070857","volume":"176","author":"D Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu D, Sul JH, Tsetsos F, Nawaz MS, Huang AY, Zelaya I, et al. Interrogating the genetic determinants of Tourette\u2019s syndrome and other Tic disorders through genome-wide association studies. Am J Psychiatry. 2019;176:217\u201327.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34408","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408","volume":"7","author":"G Hemani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B, Wade KH, Haberland V, Baird D, et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. Elife. 2018;7:e34408.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2822_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17219","volume":"318","author":"CA Emdin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Emdin CA, Khera AV, Kathiresan S. Mendelian randomization. Jama. 2017;318:1925\u20136.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"2822_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","volume":"44","author":"J Bowden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44:512\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2822_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy258","volume":"48","author":"J Bowden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bowden J, Del Greco MF, Minelli C, Zhao Q, Lawlor DA, Sheehan NA, et al. Improving the accuracy of two-sample summary-data Mendelian randomization: moving beyond the NOME assumption. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48:728\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2822_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.04.010","volume":"162","author":"A Mulugeta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mulugeta A, Suppiah V, Hypp\u00f6nen E. Schizophrenia and co-morbidity risk: evidence from a data driven phenomewide association study. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;162:1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2822_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac130","volume":"49","author":"Y Jia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jia Y, Hui L, Sun L, Guo D, Shi M, Zhang K, et al. Association between human blood metabolome and the risk of psychiatric disorders. Schizophr Bull. 2023;49:428\u201343.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2822_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(96)90035-8","volume":"37","author":"KE White","year":"1996","unstructured":"White KE, Cummings JL. Schizophrenia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical and pathophysiologic analogies. Compr Psychiatry. 1996;37:188\u201395.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02331-4","volume":"21","author":"J Wrigglesworth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wrigglesworth J, Ward P, Harding IH, Nilaweera D, Wu Z, Woods RL, et al. Factors associated with brain ageing - a systematic review. BMC Neurol. 2021;21:312.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2822_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00670","volume":"8","author":"PN Alexandrov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alexandrov PN, Zhao Y, Jaber V, Cong L, Lukiw WJ. Deficits in the proline-rich synapse-associated Shank3 protein in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neurol. 2017;8:670.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2822_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2019.01.003","volume":"90","author":"A Anitha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anitha A, Thanseem I, Vasu MM, Viswambharan V, Poovathinal SA. Telomeres in neurological disorders. Adv Clin Chem. 2019;90:81\u2013132.","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"2822_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X17666190603170511","volume":"17","author":"PL Cardozo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cardozo PL, de Lima IBQ, Maciel EMA, Silva NC, Dobransky T, Ribeiro FM. Synaptic elimination in neurological disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2019;17:1071\u201395.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"2822_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1546","volume":"72","author":"AR Ribe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ribe AR, Laursen TM, Charles M, Katon W, Fenger-Gr\u00f8n M, Davydow D, et al. Long-term risk of dementia in persons with schizophrenia: a danish population-based cohort study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72:1095\u2013101.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa078","volume":"47","author":"P Kochunov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kochunov P, Zavaliangos-Petropulu A, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Ryan MC, Chiappelli J, et al. A white matter connection of schizophrenia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Schizophr Bull. 2021;47:197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2822_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0592-5","volume":"9","author":"B Creese","year":"2019","unstructured":"Creese B, Vassos E, Bergh S, Athanasiu L, Johar I, Rongve A, et al. Examining the association between genetic liability for schizophrenia and psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:273.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5180","volume":"34","author":"RE Morton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morton RE, St John PD, Tyas SL. Migraine and the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and vascular dementia: a prospective cohort study in community-dwelling older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;34:1667\u201376.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR48","first-page":"e653","volume":"8","author":"I Daghals","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daghals I, Sargurupremraj M, Danning R, Gormley P, Malik R, Amouyel P, et al. Migraine, stroke, and cervical arterial dissection: shared genetics for a triad of brain disorders with vascular involvement. Neurol Genet. 2022;8:e653.","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"key":"2822_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20894","volume":"20","author":"C Arango","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arango C, Dragioti E, Solmi M, Cortese S, Domschke K, Murray RM, et al. Risk and protective factors for mental disorders beyond genetics: an evidence-based atlas. World Psychiatry. 2021;20:417\u201336.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2822_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01867-2","volume":"28","author":"DT Leffa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leffa DT, Ferrari-Souza JP, Bellaver B, Tissot C, Ferreira PCL, Brum WS, et al. Genetic risk for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder predicts cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28:1248\u201355.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-02822-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-02822-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-02822-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T07:02:29Z","timestamp":1708758149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-02822-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-024-02822-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"114"}}