{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:54:37Z","timestamp":1792446877539,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402170461\u2013TRR 265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402170461\u2013TRR 265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402170461\u2013TRR 265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402170461\u2013TRR 265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402170461\u2013TRR 265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402170461\u2013TRR 265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402170461\u2013TRR 265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402170461\u2013TRR 265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EW2402-ERANET IBRAA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EW2402-ERANET IBRAA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive alcohol consumption remains a global public health crisis, with millions suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD, or simply \u201calcoholism\u201d), leading to significantly reduced life expectancy. This review examines the interplay between habitual and goal-directed behaviors and the associated neurobiological changes induced by chronic alcohol exposure. Contrary to a strict habit-goal dichotomy, our meta-analysis of the published animal experiments combined with a review of human studies reveals a nuanced transition between these behavioral control systems, emphasizing the need for refined terminology to capture the probabilistic nature of decision biases in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol exposure. Furthermore, we distinguish habitual responding from compulsivity, viewing them as separate entities with diverse roles throughout the stages of the addiction cycle. By addressing species-specific differences and translational challenges in habit research, we provide insights to enhance future investigations and inform strategies for combatting AUD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02965-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T18:01:44Z","timestamp":1721412104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bad habits\u2013good goals? Meta-analysis and translation of the habit construct to alcoholism"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0364-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Giannone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-9318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Endrass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1821-3920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. C.","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8340-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Schlagenhauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5903-6521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. H.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2965_CR1","unstructured":"Webster N. American Dictionary of the English Language. 1828 [cited 2023 August 5, 2023]; Available from: https:\/\/webstersdictionary1828.com\/Dictionary\/habit."},{"key":"2965_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson DJ. Historical evolution of alcohol consumption in society. In Boyle P, et al., editors. Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2013.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199655786.003.0001"},{"key":"2965_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","volume":"392","author":"MG Griswold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Griswold MG, Fullman N, Hawley C, Arian N, Zimsen SR, Tymeson HD, et al. GBD 2016 alcohol collaborators. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2018;392:1015\u201335.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2965_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61462-6","volume":"376","author":"DJ Nutt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD. Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis. Lancet. 2010;376:1558\u201365.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2965_CR5","unstructured":"WHO. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"2965_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12646","volume":"23","author":"J Rehm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rehm J, Guiraud J, Poulnais R, Shield KD. Alcohol dependence and very high risk level of alcohol consumption: a life\u2010threatening and debilitating disease. Addiction Biol. 2018;23:961\u20138.","journal-title":"Addiction Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0591-6","volume":"9","author":"M Heilig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heilig M, Augier E, Pfarr S, Sommer WH. Developing neuroscience-based treatments for alcohol addiction: a matter of choice? Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:255.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR8","unstructured":"Merriam-Webster. Habit. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. n.d. [cited 2023 July 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/habit."},{"key":"2965_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.060","volume":"27","author":"T Robbins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robbins T, Costa RM. Habits. Curr Biol. 2017;27:R1200\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1579","volume":"8","author":"BJ Everitt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Everitt BJ, Robbins TW. Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:1481\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110","volume":"35","author":"GF Koob","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koob GF, Volkow ND. Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35:217\u201338.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0289-z","volume":"21","author":"C L\u00fcscher","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00fcscher C, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. The transition to compulsion in addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2020;21:247\u201363.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2019.00028","volume":"13","author":"DM Lipton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lipton DM, Gonzales BJ, Citri A. Dorsal striatal circuits for habits, compulsions and addictions. Front Syst Neurosci. 2019;13:28.","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033457","volume":"67","author":"BJ Everitt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Everitt BJ, Robbins TW. Drug addiction: updating actions to habits to compulsions ten years on. Annu Rev Psychol. 2016;67:23\u201350.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"2965_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0600-8","volume":"45","author":"L Hogarth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hogarth L. Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45:720\u201335.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.02.001","volume":"111","author":"M Heilig","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heilig M, Egli M. Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther. 2006;111:855\u201376.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2965_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/0272499024400016","volume":"55","author":"A Dickinson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dickinson A, Wood N, Smith JW. Alcohol seeking by rats: action or habit? Q J Exp Psychol Sect B. 2002;55:331\u201348.","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol Sect B"},{"key":"2965_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mangieri RA, Cofres\u00ed RU, Gonzales RA. Ethanol seeking by Long Evans rats is not always a goal-directed behavior. PLoS One. 2012;7:e42886.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042886"},{"key":"2965_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.024","volume":"72","author":"LH Corbit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Corbit LH, Nie H, Janak PH. Habitual alcohol seeking: time course and the contribution of subregions of the dorsal striatum. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;72:389\u201395.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00301","volume":"8","author":"LH Corbit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corbit LH, Nie H, Janak PH. Habitual responding for alcohol depends upon both AMPA and D2 receptor signaling in the dorsolateral striatum. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014;8:301.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11634","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0003-15.2015","volume":"35","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang J, Cheng Y, Wang X, Hellard ER, Ma T, Gil H, et al. Alcohol elicits functional and structural plasticity selectively in dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons of the dorsomedial striatum. J Neurosci. 2015;35:11634\u201343.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12271","volume":"38","author":"RR Fanelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fanelli RR, Klein JT, Reese RM, Robinson DL. Dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum exhibit distinct phasic neuronal activity during alcohol self\u2010administration in rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2013;38:2637\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR23","first-page":"19","volume":"4","author":"SB Ostlund","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ostlund SB, Maidment NT, Balleine BW. Alcohol-paired contextual cues produce an immediate and selective loss of goal-directed action in rats. Front Integr Neurosci. 2010;4:19.","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2013.12.006","volume":"48","author":"JE Shillinglaw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shillinglaw JE, Everitt IK, Robinson DL. Assessing behavioral control across reinforcer solutions on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement in rats. Alcohol. 2014;48:337\u201344.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2965_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12187","volume":"20","author":"MW Meinhardt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meinhardt MW, Sommer WH. Postdependent state in rats as a model for medication development in alcoholism. Addict Biol. 2015;20:1\u201321.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0593com","volume":"16","author":"R Rimondini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rimondini R, Arlinde C, Sommer W, Heilig M. Long\u2010lasting increase in voluntary ethanol consumption and transcriptional regulation in the rat brain after intermittent exposure to alcohol. FASEB J. 2002;16:27\u201335.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2965_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28720-6_203","volume":"13","author":"HC Becker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Becker HC. Animal models of excessive alcohol consumption in rodents. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2012;13:355\u201377.","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02615-9","volume":"9","author":"R Renteria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Renteria R, Baltz ET, Gremel CM. Chronic alcohol exposure disrupts top-down control over basal ganglia action selection to produce habits. Nat Commun. 2018;9:211.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2965_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14302","volume":"44","author":"R Renteria","year":"2020","unstructured":"Renteria R, Cazares C, Gremel CM. Habitual ethanol seeking and licking microstructure of enhanced ethanol self\u2010administration in ethanol\u2010dependent mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2020;44:880\u201391.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2965_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cazares C, Schreiner DC, Gremel CM. Different effects of alcohol exposure on action and outcome-related orbitofrontal cortex activity. eNeuro. 2021;8:ENEURO.0052-21.2021.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0052-21.2021"},{"key":"2965_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14418","volume":"44","author":"JM Barker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barker JM, Bryant KG, Montiel\u2010Ramos A, Goldwasser B, Chandler LJ. Selective deficits in contingency\u2010driven ethanol seeking following chronic ethanol exposure in male mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2020;44:1896\u2013905.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2965_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2003.03114.x","volume":"19","author":"TL Ripley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ripley TL, Borlikova G, Lyons S, Stephens DN. Selective deficits in appetitive conditioning as a consequence of ethanol withdrawal. Eur J Neurosci. 2004;19:415\u201325.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000331","volume":"28","author":"H Fisher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fisher H, Bright N, Gallo M, Pajser A, Pickens CL. Relationship of low doses of alcohol voluntarily consumed during adolescence and early adulthood with subsequent behavioral flexibility. Behav Pharmacol. 2017;28:531\u201344.","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"2965_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154969","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154969","volume":"132","author":"T Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma T, Huang Z, Xie X, Cheng Y, Zhuang X, Childs MJ, et al. Chronic alcohol drinking persistently suppresses thalamostriatal excitation of cholinergic neurons to impair cognitive flexibility. J Clin Investig. 2022;132:e154969.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"2965_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00450","volume":"8","author":"JM Barker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barker JM, Bryant KG, Osborne JI, Chandler L. Age and sex interact to mediate the effects of intermittent, high-dose ethanol exposure on behavioral flexibility. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:450.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2965_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2020.09.004","volume":"91","author":"TT Towner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Towner TT, Spear LP. Rats exposed to intermittent ethanol during late adolescence exhibit enhanced habitual behavior following reward devaluation. Alcohol. 2021;91:11\u201320.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2965_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.12.002","volume":"16","author":"H Serlin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Serlin H, Torregrossa MM. Adolescent rats are resistant to forming ethanol seeking habits. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2015;16:183\u201390.","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2261","volume":"12","author":"HH Yin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yin HH, Mulcare SP, Hil\u00e1rio MR, Clouse E, Holloway T, Davis MI, et al. Dynamic reorganization of striatal circuits during the acquisition and consolidation of a skill. Nat Neurosci. 2009;12:333\u201341.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannone F, Hach A, Chroszcz M, Friske MM, Meinhardt MW, Spanagel R, et al. Generalized habitual tendencies in alcohol dependent rats. bioRxiv, 2022: 2022.10. 04.510642.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.10.04.510642"},{"key":"2965_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.81004","volume":"11","author":"HH Yin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yin HH, Knowlton BJ. Contributions of striatal subregions to place and response learning. Learn Mem. 2004;11:459.","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2965_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04218.x","volume":"22","author":"HH Yin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yin HH, Ostlund SB, Knowlton BJ, Balleine BW. The role of the dorsomedial striatum in instrumental conditioning. Eur J Neurosci. 2005;22:513\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12768","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12768","volume":"25","author":"CA Gianessi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gianessi CA, Groman SM, Thompson SL, Jiang M, van der Stelt M, Taylor JR. Endocannabinoid contributions to alcohol habits and motivation: relevance to treatment. Addict Biol. 2020;25:e12768.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14783","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308198110","volume":"110","author":"L DePoy","year":"2013","unstructured":"DePoy L, Daut R, Brigman JL, MacPherson K, Crowley N, Gunduz-Cinar O, et al. Chronic alcohol produces neuroadaptations to prime dorsal striatal learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110:14783\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51333","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51333","volume":"8","author":"N Morisot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morisot N, Phamluong K, Ehinger Y, Berger AL, Moffat JJ, Ron D. mTORC1 in the orbitofrontal cortex promotes habitual alcohol seeking. eLife. 2019;8:e51333.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2965_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12363","volume":"16","author":"N Morisot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morisot N, Ron D. Alcohol\u2010dependent molecular adaptations of the NMDA receptor system. Genes Brain Behav. 2017;16:139\u201348.","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"2965_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4062-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"MW Meinhardt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meinhardt MW, Hansson AC, Perreau-Lenz S, Bauder-Wenz C, St\u00e4hlin O, Heilig M, et al. Rescue of infralimbic mGluR2 deficit restores control over drug-seeking behavior in alcohol dependence. J Neurosci. 2013;33:2794\u2013806.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-06059-4","volume":"239","author":"JA Smeets","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smeets JA, Minnaard AM, Ramakers GM, Adan RA, Vanderschuren LJ, Lesscher HM. On the interrelation between alcohol addiction\u2013like behaviors in rats. Psychopharmacology. 2022;239:1115\u201328.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13041","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13041","volume":"26","author":"C Giuliano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giuliano C, Puaud M, Cardinal RN, Belin D, Everitt BJ. Individual differences in the engagement of habitual control over alcohol seeking predict the development of compulsive alcohol seeking and drinking. Addict Biol. 2021;26:e13041.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao1157","volume":"360","author":"E Augier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Augier E, Barbier E, Dulman RS, Licheri V, Augier G, Domi E, et al. A molecular mechanism for choosing alcohol over an alternative reward. Science. 2018;360:1321\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2965_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabg9045","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg9045","volume":"7","author":"E Domi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Domi E, Xu L, Toivainen S, Nordeman A, Gobbo F, Venniro M, et al. A neural substrate of compulsive alcohol use. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabg9045.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2965_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","volume":"4","author":"D Lakens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lakens D. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front Psychol. 2013;4:863.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2965_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cumming G. Understanding the new statistics: effect sizes, confidence intervals, and meta-analysis. New York, NY, US: Routledge\/Taylor & Francis Group; 2012.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203807002"},{"key":"2965_CR53","first-page":"221","volume":"2","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Cooper H, Hedges L, Valentine J. Effect sizes for continuous data. Handb Res Synth Meta-Anal. 2009;2:221\u201335.","journal-title":"Handb Res Synth Meta-Anal"},{"key":"2965_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1310","volume":"9","author":"JA L\u00f3pez\u2010L\u00f3pez","year":"2018","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez\u2010L\u00f3pez JA, Page MJ, Lipsey MW, Higgins JP. Dealing with effect size multiplicity in systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses. Res Synth Methods. 2018;9:336\u201351.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2965_CR55","unstructured":"Deeks J, Higgins JP, Altman D, Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JP, et al., editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane; 2023. Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"2965_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e337","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.107","volume":"3","author":"Z Sjoerds","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sjoerds Z, de Wit S, van den Brink W, Robbins TW, Beekman AT, Penninx BW, et al. Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for overreliance on habit learning in alcohol-dependent patients. Transl Psychiatry. 2013;3:e337.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06796.x","volume":"29","author":"E Tricomi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tricomi E, Balleine BW, O\u2019Doherty JP. A specific role for posterior dorsolateral striatum in human habit learning. Eur J Neurosci. 2009;29:2225\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6750","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1808-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"SC Tanaka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanaka SC, Balleine BW, O\u2019Doherty JP. Calculating consequences: brain systems that encode the causal effects of actions. J Neurosci. 2008;28:6750\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12066","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1088-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"S de Wit","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Wit S, Watson P, Harsay HA, Cohen MX, van de Vijver I, Ridderinkhof KR. Corticostriatal connectivity underlies individual differences in the balance between habitual and goal-directed action control. J Neurosci. 2012;32:12066\u201375.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61892-5","volume":"10","author":"T van Timmeren","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Timmeren T, Quail SL, Balleine BW, Geurts DE, Goudriaan AE, van Holst RJ. Intact corticostriatal control of goal-directed action in alcohol use disorder: a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer and outcome-devaluation study. Sci Rep. 2020;10:4949.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2965_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.06.005","volume":"77","author":"RW Morris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morris RW, Quail S, Griffiths KR, Green MJ, Balleine BW. Corticostriatal control of goal-directed action is impaired in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77:187\u201395.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03022.x","volume":"105","author":"S Vollst\u00e4dt\u2010Klein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vollst\u00e4dt\u2010Klein S, Wichert S, Rabinstein J, B\u00fchler M, Klein O, Ende G, et al. Initial, habitual and compulsive alcohol use is characterized by a shift of cue processing from ventral to dorsal striatum. Addiction. 2010;105:1741\u20139.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2965_CR63","first-page":"660","volume":"8","author":"IL Hornoiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hornoiu IL, Lee AM, Tan H, Nakovics H, Bach P, Mann K, et al. The role of unawareness, volition, and neural hyperconnectivity in alcohol use disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2023;8:660\u201371.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2965_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1560","volume":"8","author":"ND Daw","year":"2005","unstructured":"Daw ND, Niv Y, Dayan P. Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:1704\u201311.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.007","volume":"80","author":"RJ Dolan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dolan RJ, Dayan P. Goals and habits in the brain. Neuron. 2013;80:312\u201325.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2965_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1159\/000362840","volume":"70","author":"M Sebold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sebold M, Deserno L, Nebe S, Schad DJ, Garbusow M, H\u00e4gele C, et al. Model-based and model-free decisions in alcohol dependence. Neuropsychobiology. 2014;70:122\u201331.","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"2965_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.44","volume":"20","author":"V Voon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Voon V, Derbyshire K, R\u00fcck C, Irvine MA, Worbe Y, Enander J, et al. Disorders of compulsivity: a common bias towards learning habits. Mol Psychiatry. 2015;20:345\u201352.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.04.019","volume":"82","author":"M Sebold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sebold M, Nebe S, Garbusow M, Guggenmos M, Schad DJ, Beck A, et al. When habits are dangerous: alcohol expectancies and habitual decision making predict relapse in alcohol dependence. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;82:847\u201356.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12505","volume":"23","author":"N Do\u00f1amayor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Do\u00f1amayor N, Strelchuk D, Baek K, Banca P, Voon V. The involuntary nature of binge drinking: goal directedness and awareness of intention. Addict Biol. 2018;23:515\u201326.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12490","volume":"23","author":"S Nebe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nebe S, Kroemer NB, Schad DJ, Bernhardt N, Sebold M, M\u00fcller DK, et al. No association of goal\u2010directed and habitual control with alcohol consumption in young adults. Addict Biol. 2018;23:379\u201393.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.01.009","volume":"89","author":"H Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen H, Mojtahedzadeh N, Belanger MJ, Nebe S, Kuitunen-Paul S, Sebold M, et al. Model-based and model-free control predicts alcohol consumption developmental trajectory in young adults: a 3-year prospective study. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;89:980\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11305","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11305","volume":"5","author":"CM Gillan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gillan CM, Kosinski M, Whelan R, Phelps EA, Daw ND. Characterizing a psychiatric symptom dimension related to deficits in goal-directed control. eLife. 2016;5:e11305.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2965_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","volume":"88","author":"JB Saunders","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, De la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption\u2010II. Addiction. 1993;88:791\u2013804.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2965_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.06.018","volume":"85","author":"EH Patzelt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patzelt EH, Kool W, Millner AJ, Gershman SJ. Incentives boost model-based control across a range of severity on several psychiatric constructs. Biol Psychiatry. 2019;85:425\u201333.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002165","volume":"13","author":"LP Freedman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Freedman LP, Cockburn IM, Simcoe TS. The economics of reproducibility in preclinical research. PLoS Biol. 2015;13:e1002165.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meinhardt MW, Gerlach B, Spanagel R. Good practice guideline for preclinical alcohol research: the STRINGENCY framework. In Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2024_484.","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2024_484"},{"key":"2965_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12804","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12804","volume":"25","author":"RJ Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith RJ, Anderson RI, Haun HL, Mulholland PJ, Griffin WC III, Lopez MF, et al. Dynamic c\u2010Fos changes in mouse brain during acute and protracted withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and relapse drinking. Addict Biol. 2020;25:e12804.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.01.018","volume":"94","author":"AV Roland","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roland AV, Coelho CAO, Haun HL, Gianessi CA, Lopez MF, D\u2019Ambrosio S, et al. Alcohol dependence modifies brain networks activated during withdrawal and reaccess: a c-Fos-based analysis in mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2023;94:393\u2013404.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14014","volume":"43","author":"O Lagstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lagstr\u00f6m O, Danielsson K, S\u00f6derpalm B, Ericson M, Adermark L. Voluntary ethanol intake produces subregion\u2010specific neuroadaptations in striatal and cortical areas of wistar rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019;43:803\u201311.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2965_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004039","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004039","volume":"19","author":"A Topiwala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Topiwala A, Wang C, Ebmeier KP, Burgess S, Bell S, Levey DF, et al. Associations between moderate alcohol consumption, brain iron, and cognition in UK Biobank participants: Observational and mendelian randomization analyses. PLoS Med. 2022;19:e1004039.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2965_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103066","volume":"35","author":"A Topiwala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Topiwala A, Ebmeier KP, Maullin-Sapey T, Nichols TE. Alcohol consumption and MRI markers of brain structure and function: cohort study of 25,378 UK Biobank participants. NeuroImage Clin. 2022;35:103066.","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"2965_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06301-7","volume":"240","author":"H Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan H, Hubertus S, Thomas S, Lee AM, Gerhardt S, Gerchen MF, et al. Association between iron accumulation in the dorsal striatum and compulsive drinking in alcohol use disorder. Psychopharmacology. 2023;240:249\u201357.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.046722.117","volume":"25","author":"DM Lovinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lovinger DM, Abrahao KP. Synaptic plasticity mechanisms common to learning and alcohol use disorder. Learn Mem. 2018;25:425\u201334.","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2965_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12344","volume":"16","author":"M Heilig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heilig M, Barbier E, Johnstone A, Tapocik J, Meinhardt M, Pfarr S, et al. Reprogramming of mPFC transcriptome and function in alcohol dependence. Genes Brain Behav. 2017;16:86\u2013100.","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"2965_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabh2399","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh2399","volume":"7","author":"MW Meinhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meinhardt MW, Pfarr S, Fouquet G, Rohleder C, Meinhardt ML, Barroso-Flores J, et al. Psilocybin targets a common molecular mechanism for cognitive impairment and increased craving in alcoholism. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabh2399.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2965_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba0154","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba0154","volume":"6","author":"S De Santis","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Santis S, Cosa-Linan A, Garcia-Hernandez R, Dmytrenko L, Vargova L, Vorisek I, et al. Chronic alcohol consumption alters extracellular space geometry and transmitter diffusion in the brain. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eaba0154.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2965_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1506012113","volume":"113","author":"N Hirth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirth N, Meinhardt MW, Noori HR, Salgado H, Torres-Ramirez O, Uhrig S, et al. Convergent evidence from alcohol-dependent humans and rats for a hyperdopaminergic state in protracted abstinence. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113:3024\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.09.010","volume":"106","author":"AC Hansson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hansson AC, Gr\u00fcnder G, Hirth N, Noori HR, Spanagel R, Sommer WH. Dopamine and opioid systems adaptation in alcoholism revisited: Convergent evidence from positron emission tomography and postmortem studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019;106:141\u201364.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2965_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0931309100","volume":"100","author":"VS Mattay","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mattay VS, Goldberg TE, Fera F, Hariri AR, Tessitore A, Egan MF, et al. Catechol O-methyltransferase val 158-met genotype and individual variation in the brain response to amphetamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2003;100:6186\u201391.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0318","volume":"76","author":"S De Santis","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Santis S, Bach P, P\u00e9rez-Cervera L, Cosa-Linan A, Weil G, Vollst\u00e4dt-Klein S, et al. Microstructural white matter alterations in men with alcohol use disorder and rats with excessive alcohol consumption during early abstinence. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76:749\u201358.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01597-8","volume":"11","author":"L P\u00e9rez-Cervera","year":"2023","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Cervera L, De Santis S, Marcos E, Ghorbanzad-Ghaziany Z, Trouv\u00e9-Carpena A, Selim MK, et al. Alcohol-induced damage to the fimbria\/fornix reduces hippocampal-prefrontal cortex connection during early abstinence. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2023;11:1\u201321.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2965_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selim MK, Harel M, De Santis S, Perini I, Sommer WH, Heilig M, et al. Repetitive deep TMS in alcohol dependent patients halts progression of white matter changes in early abstinence. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2023;78:176\u201385.","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13624"},{"key":"2965_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13419.","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13419","volume":"29","author":"R Spanagel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spanagel R, Bach P, Banaschewski T, Beck A, Bermpohl F, Bernardi RE, et al. The ReCoDe addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake-findings and future perspectives. Addict Biol. 2024;29:e13419.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10750","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0684-15.2015","volume":"35","author":"S Pfarr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pfarr S, Meinhardt MW, Klee ML, Hansson AC, Vengeliene V, Sch\u00f6nig K, et al. Losing control: excessive alcohol seeking after selective inactivation of cue-responsive neurons in the infralimbic cortex. J Neurosci. 2015;35:10750\u201361.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11799-1","volume":"10","author":"A Laque","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laque A, L. De Ness G, Wagner GE, Nedelescu H, Carroll A, Watry D, et al. Anti-relapse neurons in the infralimbic cortex of rats drive relapse-suppression by drug omission cues. Nat Commun. 2019;10:3934.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2965_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977474","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.977474","volume":"16","author":"C K\u00f6rber","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00f6rber C, Sommer WH. From ensembles to meta-ensembles: Specific reward encoding by correlated network activity. Front Behav Neurosci. 2022;16:977474.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108496","volume":"195","author":"M Wandres","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wandres M, Pfarr S, Moln\u00e1r B, Sch\u00f6llkopf U, Ercsey-Ravasz M, Sommer WH, et al. Alcohol and sweet reward are encoded by distinct meta-ensembles. Neuropharmacology. 2021;195:108496.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0026-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"S Pfarr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pfarr S, Schaaf L, Reinert JK, Paul E, Herrmannsd\u00f6rfer F, Ro\u00dfmanith M, et al. Choice for drug or natural reward engages largely overlapping neuronal ensembles in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 2018;38:3507\u201319.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax7060","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax7060","volume":"6","author":"E Visser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Visser E, Matos MR, van der Loo RJ, Marchant NJ, de Vries TJ, Smit AB, et al. A persistent alcohol cue memory trace drives relapse to alcohol seeking after prolonged abstinence. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eaax7060.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2965_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3264","volume":"4","author":"CM Gremel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gremel CM, Costa RM. Orbitofrontal and striatal circuits dynamically encode the shift between goal-directed and habitual actions. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2264.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2965_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119633","volume":"263","author":"IP J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2022","unstructured":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen IP, Glerean E, Klucharev V, Shestakova A, Ahveninen J. Do sparse brain activity patterns underlie human cognition? NeuroImage. 2022;263:119633.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2965_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0482-x","volume":"9","author":"C Ebrahimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ebrahimi C, Koch SP, Pietrock C, Fydrich T, Heinz A, Schlagenhauf F. Opposing roles for amygdala and vmPFC in the return of appetitive conditioned responses in humans. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:148.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02404-7","volume":"13","author":"M Spreer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spreer M, Gr\u00e4hlert X, Klut I-M, Al Hamdan F, Sommer WH, Plawecki MH, et al. Using naltrexone to validate a human laboratory test system to screen new medications for alcoholism (TESMA)-a randomized clinical trial. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13:113.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4613","volume":"20","author":"KJ Miller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miller KJ, Botvinick MM, Brody CD. Dorsal hippocampus contributes to model-based planning. Nat Neurosci. 2017;20:1269\u201376.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.10.013","volume":"109","author":"T Akam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akam T, Rodrigues-Vaz I, Marcelo I, Zhang X, Pereira M, Oliveira RF, et al. The anterior cingulate cortex predicts future states to mediate model-based action selection. Neuron. 2021;109:149\u2013163. e7.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2965_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.12.009","volume":"89","author":"KD Ersche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ersche KD, Lim TV, Murley AG, Rua C, Vaghi MM, White TL, et al. Reduced glutamate turnover in the putamen is linked with automatic habits in human cocaine addiction. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;89:970\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.01.007","volume":"24","author":"J Dang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dang J, King KM, Inzlicht M. Why are self-report and behavioral measures weakly correlated? Trends Cogn Sci. 2020;24:267\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR108","unstructured":"Pinger M, Skirke M, Thomas J, Sommer WH, Koppe G, Kirsch P. The role of socioeconomic and demographic variables on the association between delay discounting and problematic alcohol use. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, in press."},{"key":"2965_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wiers RW, Pan T, Van Dessel P, Rinck M, Lindenmeyer J. Approach-bias retraining and other training interventions as add-on in the treatment of AUD patients. In Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2023_421.","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2023_421"},{"key":"2965_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611400615","volume":"22","author":"RW Wiers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wiers RW, Eberl C, Rinck M, Becker ES, Lindenmeyer J. Retraining automatic action tendencies changes alcoholic patients\u2019 approach bias for alcohol and improves treatment outcome. Psychol Sci. 2011;22:490\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.108989","volume":"209","author":"WH Sommer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sommer WH, Canals S, Bifone A, Heilig M, Hyyti\u00e4 P. From a systems view to spotting a hidden island: A narrative review implicating insula function in alcoholism. Neuropharmacology. 2022;209:108989","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3445","volume":"16","author":"T Seif","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seif T, Chang S-J, Simms JA, Gibb SL, Dadgar J, Chen BT, et al. Cortical activation of accumbens hyperpolarization-active NMDARs mediates aversion-resistant alcohol intake. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16:1094\u2013100.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108765","volume":"198","author":"SW Centanni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Centanni SW, Janes AC, Haggerty DL, Atwood B, Hopf FW. Better living through understanding the insula: why subregions can make all the difference. Neuropharmacology. 2021;198:108765.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01069-4","volume":"46","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Gordon JA, Koob GF. Choosing appropriate language to reduce the stigma around mental illness and substance use disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021;46:2230\u20132.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00406-1","volume":"8","author":"J MacKillop","year":"2022","unstructured":"MacKillop J, Agabio R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Heilig M, Kelly JF, Leggio L, et al. Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2022;8:80.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"2965_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12866","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12866","volume":"25","author":"A Heinz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heinz A, Kiefer F, Smolka MN, Endrass T, Beste C, Beck A, et al. Addiction Research Consortium: Losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe)\u2014From trajectories to mechanisms and interventions. Addict Biol. 2020;25:e12866.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houck CA, Grahame NJ. Acute drug effects on habitual and non-habitual responding in crossed high alcohol preferring mice. Psychopharmacology, 2018;235:2167\u201375.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4914-8"},{"key":"2965_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1041309","volume":"16","author":"J Peters","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peters J, Kalivas PW, Quirk GJ. Extinction circuits for fear and addiction overlap in prefrontal cortex. Learn Mem. 2009;16:279\u201388.","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2965_CR119","unstructured":"Hebb DO. The organization of behavior; a neuropsychological theory. Oxford, England: Wiley; 1949."},{"key":"2965_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116901","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1116901","volume":"14","author":"T De Oliveira Sergio","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Oliveira Sergio T, Frasier RM, Hopf FW. Animal models of compulsion alcohol drinking: Why we love quinine-resistant intake and what we learned from it. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1116901.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1985.0010","volume":"308","author":"A Dickinson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dickinson A. Actions and habits: the development of behavioural autonomy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B, Biol Sci. 1985;308:67\u201378.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B, Biol Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6357(87)90041-6","volume":"14","author":"A Dickinson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dickinson A. Instrumental performance following saccharin pre-feeding. Behav Process. 1987;14:147\u201354.","journal-title":"Behav Process"},{"key":"2965_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2010.00017","volume":"4","author":"A DeRusso","year":"2010","unstructured":"DeRusso A, Fan D, Gupta J, Shelest O, Costa RM, Yin HH. Instrumental uncertainty as a determinant of behavior under interval schedules of reinforcement. Front Integr Neurosci. 2010;4:1737.","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR124","first-page":"47","volume":"46","author":"E Garr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garr E, Bushra B, Tu N, Delamater AR. Goal-directed control on interval schedules does not depend on the action\u2013outcome correlation. J Exp Psychol: Anim Learn Cogn. 2020;46:47.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol: Anim Learn Cogn"},{"key":"2965_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.053472.121","volume":"28","author":"E Garr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garr E, Padovan-Hernandez Y, Janak PH, Delamater AR. Maintained goal-directed control with overtraining on ratio schedules. Learn Mem. 2021;28:435.","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2965_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.08.009","volume":"20","author":"L Wirz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wirz L, Bogdanov M, Schwabe L. Habits under stress: mechanistic insights across different types of learning. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018;20:9\u201316.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a021691","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021691","volume":"7","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Graybiel AM, Grafton ST. The striatum: where skills and habits meet. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015;7:a021691.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2965_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metz GA, Whishaw IQ. The ladder rung walking task: a scoring system and its practical application. J Vis Exp. 2009;(28):e1204.","DOI":"10.3791\/1204-v"},{"key":"2965_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635212500021","volume":"11","author":"DG Wallace","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wallace DG, Winter SS, Metz GA. Serial pattern learning during skilled walking. J Integr Neurosci. 2012;11:17\u201332.","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10071062","volume":"168","author":"CM Gillan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gillan CM, Papmeyer M, Morein-Zamir S, Sahakian BJ, Fineberg NA, Robbins TW, et al. Disruption in the balance between goal-directed behavior and habit learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:718\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0564-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"VV Valentin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valentin VV, Dickinson A, O\u2019Doherty JP. Determining the neural substrates of goal-directed learning in the human brain. J Neurosci. 2007;27:4019\u201326.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR132","first-page":"200","volume":"4","author":"MM Vaghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vaghi MM, Cardinal RN, Apergis-Schoute AM, Fineberg NA, Sule A, Robbins TW. Action-outcome knowledge dissociates from behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder following contingency degradation. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2019;4:200\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2965_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3354-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"M Liljeholm","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liljeholm M, Tricomi E, O\u2019Doherty JP, Balleine BW. Neural correlates of instrumental contingency learning: differential effects of action\u2013reward conjunction and disjunction. J Neurosci. 2011;31:2474\u201380.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0103-0","volume":"8","author":"RW Morris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morris RW, Cyrzon C, Green MJ, Le Pelley ME, Balleine BW. Impairments in action\u2013outcome learning in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8:54.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000402","volume":"147","author":"S de Wit","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Wit S, Kindt M, Knot SL, Verhoeven AA, Robbins TW, Gasull-Camos J, et al. Shifting the balance between goals and habits: five failures in experimental habit induction. J Exp Psychol: Gen. 2018;147:1043.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol: Gen"},{"key":"2965_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.027","volume":"69","author":"ND Daw","year":"2011","unstructured":"Daw ND, Gershman SJ, Seymour B, Dayan P, Dolan RJ. Model-based influences on humans\u2019 choices and striatal prediction errors. Neuron. 2011;69:1204\u201315.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2965_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.07.003","volume":"150","author":"KD Ersche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ersche KD, Ward LH, Lim T-V, Lumsden RJ, Sawiak SJ, Robbins TW, et al. Impulsivity and compulsivity are differentially associated with automaticity and routine on the Creature of Habit Scale. Personal Individ Differences. 2019;150:109493.","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differences"},{"key":"2965_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerfen CR, Bolam JP. The neuroanatomical organization of the basal ganglia, In Steiner H., Tseng K.Y., editors. Handbook of basal ganglia structure and function. Elsevier; 2016. p. 3\u201332.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802206-1.00001-5"},{"key":"2965_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-070815-013920","volume":"39","author":"C L\u00fcscher","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00fcscher C. The emergence of a circuit model for addiction. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2016;39:257\u201376.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90107-L","volume":"13","author":"GE Alexander","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alexander GE, Crutcher MD. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci. 1990;13:266\u201371.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.14134","volume":"93","author":"W Sommer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sommer W, Rimondini R, O\u2019connor W, Hansson A, Ungerstedt U, Fuxe K. Intrastriatally injected c-fos antisense oligonucleotide interferes with striatonigral but not striatopallidal \u03b3-aminobutyric acid transmission in the conscious rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1996;93:14134\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haber S. Integrative networks across basal ganglia circuits. In Handbook of behavioral neuroscience. Elsevier; 2016. p. 535\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802206-1.00027-1"},{"key":"2965_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00087","volume":"8","author":"WH Sommer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sommer WH, Costa RM, Hansson AC. Dopamine systems adaptation during acquisition and consolidation of a skill. Front Integr Neurosci. 2014;8:87.","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1919","volume":"7","author":"HH Yin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yin HH, Knowlton BJ. The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7:464\u201376.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.040","volume":"96","author":"DA Kupferschmidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kupferschmidt DA, Juczewski K, Cui G, Johnson KA, Lovinger DM. Parallel, but dissociable, processing in discrete corticostriatal inputs encodes skill learning. Neuron. 2017;96:476\u2013489. e5.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2965_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.09.003","volume":"87","author":"RJ Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith RJ, Laiks LS. Behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying habitual and compulsive drug seeking. Prog Neuro Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018;87:11\u201321.","journal-title":"Prog Neuro Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2965_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.01.003","volume":"20","author":"KA Amaya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amaya KA, Smith KS. Neurobiology of habit formation. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018;20:145\u201352.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"2965_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4275","volume":"19","author":"SL Gourley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gourley SL, Taylor JR. Going and stopping: dichotomies in behavioral control by the prefrontal cortex. Nat Neurosci. 2016;19:656\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3597","volume":"14","author":"FC Cruz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cruz FC, Koya E, Guez-Barber DH, Bossert JM, Lupica CR, Shaham Y, et al. New technologies for examining the role of neuronal ensembles in drug addiction and fear. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14:743\u201354.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.04.031","volume":"122","author":"O George","year":"2017","unstructured":"George O, Hope BT. Cortical and amygdalar neuronal ensembles in alcohol seeking, drinking and withdrawal. Neuropharmacology. 2017;122:107\u201314.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19428","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.19428","volume":"6","author":"E Russo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Russo E, Durstewitz D. Cell assemblies at multiple time scales with arbitrary lag constellations. eLife. 2017;6:e19428.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2965_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay1186","volume":"366","author":"CA Siciliano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siciliano CA, Noamany H, Chang C-J, Brown AR, Chen X, Leible D, et al. A cortical-brainstem circuit predicts and governs compulsive alcohol drinking. Science. 2019;366:1008\u201312.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2965_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01071-w","volume":"46","author":"T De Oliveira Sergio","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Oliveira Sergio T, Lei K, Kwok C, Ghotra S, Wegner SA, Walsh M, et al. The role of anterior insula\u2013brainstem projections and alpha-1 noradrenergic receptors for compulsion-like and alcohol-only drinking. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021;46:1918\u201326.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2965_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3119","volume":"12","author":"RZ Goldstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldstein RZ, Volkow ND. Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: neuroimaging findings and clinical implications. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011;12:652\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2965_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0789-4","volume":"564","author":"V Pascoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pascoli V, Hiver A, Van Zessen R, Loureiro M, Achargui R, Harada M, et al. Stochastic synaptic plasticity underlying compulsion in a model of addiction. Nature. 2018;564:366\u201371.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2965_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116834","volume":"215","author":"Y Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang Y, Yaple ZA, Yu R. Goal-oriented and habitual decisions: neural signatures of model-based and model-free learning. NeuroImage. 2020;215:116834.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-02965-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-02965-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-02965-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T19:02:13Z","timestamp":1721415733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-02965-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-024-02965-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"298"}}