{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:42:09Z","timestamp":1782837729857,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) is a severe mental disorder worldwide. In recent years, some studies have reported that PP-PTSD stems from birth trauma. The present study was dedicated in finding ways to predict the occurrence of emergency caesarean section (ECS), trying to analyze the methods to reduce incidence of PP-PTSD on this basis, further exploring the neuroimaging changes in PP-PTSD. A total of 245 primiparas with intention of vaginal delivery were recruited. The internal tocodynamometry measurement was performed during labor for all mothers, and respectively taken at 3\u20135\u2009cm, 5\u20138\u2009cm, and 8\u201310\u2009cm of cervical dilation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Binary logistic regression analyses were also performed to identify fetal head descending thrust that might help in the prediction of ECS. Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 26 patients diagnosed with PP-PTSD of 245 mothers, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) technology was used to observe the spontaneous neural activity of all PP-PTSD patients and correlation analyses were performed. We found that the natural delivery rate of mothers with fetal head descending thrust &lt;16.29\u2009N (5\u20138\u2009cm), 26.36\u2009N (8\u201310\u2009cm) were respectively lower than other mothers with fetal head descending thrust \u226516.29\u2009N (5\u20138\u2009cm), 26.36\u2009N (8\u201310\u2009cm) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of thrust (5\u20138\u2009cm) was 0.896 (95% CI: 0.854\u20130.938, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), AUC of thrust(8\u201310\u2009cm) was 0.786 (95% CI: 0.714\u20130.858, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), which showed strong potential for predicting ECS. In addition, the Binary logistic regression analysis showed thrust (5-8\u2009cm) and thrust (8\u201310\u2009cm) were independent correlates of ECS. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) results indicated that PP-PTSD group showed decreased ALFF in the bilateral insula cortex (IC), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and left midcingulate cortex (MCC) compared with healthy postpartum women (HPW) (false discovery rate (FDR) correction <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The ALFF value of the right ACC was positively correlated with the Perinatal Post-traumatic stress disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) score (r\u2009=\u20090.4046 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0403) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist\u2013Civilian Version (PCL\u2013C) score (r\u2009=\u20090.3909 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0483). The internal tocodynamometry measurement can serve as a predictive tool for ECS, on this basis, the implementation of effective emotional support may help to reduce the incidence of PP-PTSD. Besides, this study has verified the presence of altered ALFF in the brain regions of PP-PTSD patients, mainly involving the bilateral IC, right ACC, and left MCC, that might be associated with emotion, cognition, and memory disorders functions in PP-PTSD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03018-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T07:02:27Z","timestamp":1723618947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations is correlated with birth trauma in patients with postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chunlian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4050-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4258-6327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shufen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-019-01006-x","volume":"23","author":"S Dekel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dekel S, Ein-Dor T, Dishy GA, Mayopoulos PA. Beyond postpartum depression: posttraumatic stress-depressive response following childbirth. Arch Women\u2019s Ment Health. 2020;23:557\u201364.","journal-title":"Arch Women\u2019s Ment Health"},{"key":"3018_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2017.09.016","volume":"32","author":"D Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang D, Zhang J, Gan Q, Wang Q, Fan N, Zhang R, et al. Validating the psychometric characteristics of the perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder questionnaire (PPQ) in a Chinese context. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2018;32:57\u201361.","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"3018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2015.08.010","volume":"32","author":"S De Schepper","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Schepper S, Vercauteren T, Tersago J, Jacquemyn Y, Raes F, Franck E. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after childbirth and the influence of maternity team care during labour and birth: a cohort study. Midwifery. 2016;32:87\u201392.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"3018_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.007","volume":"44","author":"X Meili","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meili X, Sasa H, Ying H, Lijuan Z, Guanxiu T, Jun L, et al. Prevalence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder and its determinants in Mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2023;44:76\u201385.","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"3018_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500600708409","volume":"11","author":"S Ayers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ayers S, Eagle A, Waring H. The effects of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder on women and their relationships: a qualitative study. Psychol Health Med. 2006;11:389\u201398.","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"3018_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2016.24.4.254","volume":"24","author":"M Greenfield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greenfield M, Jomeen J, Glover L. What is traumatic birth? A concept analysis and literature review. Br J Midwifery. 2016;24:254\u201367.","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"key":"3018_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200401000-00005","volume":"53","author":"CT Beck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beck CT. Birth trauma: in the eye of the beholder. Nurs Res. 2004;53:28\u201335.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"3018_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcner B, Friedl T, Sch\u00fctze S, Polasik A, Janni W, Reister F. Post-traumatic stress syndromes following childbirth influenced by birth mode\u2014is an emergency cesarean section worst? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024;309:2439\u201346.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07114-5"},{"key":"3018_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01476.x","volume":"91","author":"LB Andersen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andersen LB, Melvaer LB, Videbech P, Lamont RF, Joergensen JS. Risk factors for developing post\u2010traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2012;91:1261\u201372.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"3018_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12270","volume":"139","author":"WR Cohen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen WR. Clinical assessment of uterine contractions. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2017;139:137\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"3018_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000531015.55589.2f","volume":"48","author":"R Ferguson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferguson R. Recognizing postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. Nursing. 2018;48:14. 2023","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"key":"3018_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01728","volume":"9","author":"S Garthus-Niegel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garthus-Niegel S, Horsch A, Handtke E, Von Soest T, Ayers S, Weidner K, et al. The impact of postpartum posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms on couples\u2019 relationship satisfaction: a population-based prospective study. Front Psychol. 2018;9:1728.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3018_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11050338","volume":"11","author":"S Martinez-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martinez-V\u00e1zquez S, Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro J, Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez A, Mart\u00ednez-Galiano JM. Factors associated with postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following obstetric violence: a cross-sectional study. J Pers Med. 2021;11:338.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"3018_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2019.02.004","volume":"48","author":"CT Beck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beck CT, Casavant S. Synthesis of mixed research on posttraumatic stress related to traumatic birth. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2019;48:385\u201397.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"3018_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200407000-00004","volume":"53","author":"CT Beck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beck CT. Post-traumatic stress disorder due to childbirth: the aftermath. Nurs Res. 2004;53:216\u201324.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"3018_CR16","first-page":"418","volume":"9","author":"RM Ulfa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ulfa RM. Effect of the use of birth balls on the reduction of pain and duration of labor during the first stage of active and second stage of labor in primigravida maternity. Sci Midwifery. 2021;9:418\u201330.","journal-title":"Sci Midwifery"},{"key":"3018_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902748","volume":"362","author":"JJ Bakker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bakker JJ, Verhoeven CJ, Janssen PF, Van Lith JM, Van Oudgaarden ED, Bloemenkamp KW, et al. Outcomes after internal versus external tocodynamometry for monitoring labor. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:306\u201313.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3018_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn730","volume":"3","author":"DJ Heeger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heeger DJ, Ress D. What does fMRI tell us about neuronal activity? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3:142\u201351.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3018_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.074","volume":"296","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Chen J, Kong W, Li X, Hu B. Abnormal core functional connectivity on the pathology of MDD and antidepressant treatment: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:622\u201334.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3018_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.122","volume":"272","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li W, Wang L, Bai T, Ji GJ, Wang K, et al. Altered functional connectivity of right inferior frontal gyrus subregions in bipolar disorder: a resting state fMRI study. J Affect Disord. 2020;272:58\u201365.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3018_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112483","volume":"382","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wang W, Wang G, Li B, Chai L, Guo J, et al. Aberrant resting-state interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with postpartum depression. Behav Brain Res. 2020;382:112483.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3018_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23886","volume":"39","author":"SG Disner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Disner SG, Marquardt CA, Mueller BA, Burton PC, Sponheim SR. Spontaneous neural activity differences in posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative resting\u2010state meta\u2010analysis and fMRI validation. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018;39:837\u201350.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3018_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.09.039","volume":"1540","author":"B Jing","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jing B, Liu CH, Ma X, Yan HG, Zhuo ZZ, Zhang Y, et al. Difference in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation between currently depressed and remitted females with major depressive disorder. Brain Res. 2013;1540:74\u201383.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3018_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.2000.00104.x","volume":"27","author":"DK Creedy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Creedy DK, Shochet IM, Horsfall J. Childbirth and the development of acute trauma symptoms: incidence and contributing factors. Birth. 2000;27:104\u201311.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"3018_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3109\/01674820209093413","volume":"23","author":"J Soderquist","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soderquist J, Wijma K, Wijma B. Traumatic stress after childbirth: the role of obstetric variables. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 2002;23:31\u201339.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3018_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-191","volume":"14","author":"S Garthus-Niegel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garthus-Niegel S, von Soest T, Knoph C, Simonsen TB, Torgersen L, Eberhard-Gran M. The influence of women\u2019s preferences and actual mode of delivery on post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: a population-based, longitudinal study. BMC Preg Childbirth. 2014;14:10.","journal-title":"BMC Preg Childbirth"},{"key":"3018_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03158-6","volume":"21","author":"D Ertan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterl\u00e9 A, El-Hage W. Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21:9.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091654","volume":"16","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro J, Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez A, Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro D, Quir\u00f3s-Garc\u00eda JM, Mart\u00ednez-Galiano JM, G\u00f3mez-Salgado J. Women\u2019s perceptions of living a traumatic childbirth experience and factors related to a birth experience. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:1654.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3018_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(97)00041-8","volume":"11","author":"K Wijma","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wijma K, S\u00f6derquist J, Wijma B. Posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth: a cross sectional study. J Anxiety Disord. 1997;11:587\u201397.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"3018_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.10.068","volume":"280","author":"JE Handelzalts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Handelzalts JE, Levy S, Molmen-Lichter M, Ayers S, Krissi H, Wiznitzer A, et al. The association of attachment style, postpartum PTSD and depression with bonding-A longitudinal path analysis model, from childbirth to six months. J Affect Disord. 2021;280:17\u201325.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3018_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-022-01263-3","volume":"25","author":"R Waller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waller R, Kornfield SL, White LK, Chaiyachati BH, Barzilay R, Njoroge W, et al. Clinician-reported childbirth outcomes, patient-reported childbirth trauma, and risk for postpartum depression. Arch Women\u2019s Ment Health. 2022;25:985\u201393.","journal-title":"Arch Women\u2019s Ment Health"},{"key":"3018_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.10.009","volume":"29","author":"M Simpson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simpson M, Catling C. Understanding psychological traumatic birth experiences: a literature review. Women Birth. 2016;29:203\u20137.","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"3018_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.06.023","volume":"88","author":"PJ Tsai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsai PJ, Keeley RJ, Carmack SA, Vendruscolo JC, Lu H, Gu H, et al. Converging structural and functional evidence for a rat salience network. Biol Psychiatry. 2020;88:867\u201378.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.024","volume":"70","author":"SD Lichenstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lichenstein SD, Verstynen T, Forbes EE. Adolescent brain development and depression: a case for the importance of connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;70:271\u201387.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3018_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.11.026","volume":"227","author":"H Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng H, Li F, Bo Q, Li X, Yao L, Yao Z, et al. The dynamic characteristics of the anterior cingulate cortex in resting-state fMRI of patients with depression. J Affect Disord. 2018;227:391\u20137.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3018_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.7.873","volume":"30","author":"D Neckelmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neckelmann D, Mykletun A, Dahl AA. Chronic insomnia as a risk factor for developing anxiety and depression. Sleep. 2007;30:873\u201380.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3018_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418812674","volume":"53","author":"HJ Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen HJ, Zhang LI, Ke J, Qi R, Xu Q, Zhong Y, et al. Altered resting-state dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Aust NZ J Psychiatry. 2019;53:68\u201379.","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21347","volume":"33","author":"J Albert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Albert J, L\u00f3pez\u2010Mart\u00edn S, Tapia M, Montoya D, Carretie L. The role of the anterior cingulate cortex in emotional response inhibition. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33:2147\u201360.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3018_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02331-7","volume":"227","author":"N Palomero-Gallagher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palomero-Gallagher N, Amunts K. A short review on emotion processing: a lateralized network of neuronal networks. Brain Struct Funct. 2022;227:673\u201384.","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"3018_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9917-x","volume":"13","author":"H Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang H, Wang C, Ji G, Feng Z, Duan J, Chen F, et al. Aberrant interhemispheric functional connectivity in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder. Brain Imaging Behav. 2019;13:1302\u201310.","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"3018_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008525","volume":"93","author":"EE Benarroch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benarroch EE. Insular cortex: functional complexity and clinical correlations. Neurology. 2019;93:932\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3018_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.042","volume":"60","author":"MP Paulus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paulus MP, Stein MB. An insular view of anxiety. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60:383\u20137.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5728","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2739-18.2019","volume":"39","author":"XL Bian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bian XL, Qin C, Cai CY, Zhou Y, Tao Y, Lin YH, et al. Anterior cingulate cortex to ventral hippocampus circuit mediates contextual fear generalization. J Neurosci. 2019;39:5728\u201339.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3018_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2006.09.010","volume":"87","author":"MI Miranda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miranda MI, Berm\u00fadez-Rattoni F. Cholinergic activity in the insular cortex is necessary for acquisition and consolidation of contextual memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2007;87:343\u201351.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"3018_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1699088","volume":"35","author":"V Chiorino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiorino V, Cattaneo MC, Macchi EA, Salerno R, Roveraro S, Bertolucci GG, et al. The EMDR Recent Birth Trauma Protocol: a pilot randomised clinical trial after traumatic childbirth. Psychol Health. 2020;35:795\u2013810.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"3018_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2478\/prilozi-2022-0002","volume":"43","author":"N Pop-Jordanova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pop-Jordanova N. Childbirth-related psychological trauma. Prilozi. 2022;43:17\u201327.","journal-title":"Prilozi"},{"key":"3018_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww069","volume":"139","author":"S Tolomeo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tolomeo S, Christmas D, Jentzsch I, Johnston B, Sprengelmeyer R, Matthews K, et al. A causal role for the anterior mid-cingulate cortex in negative affect and cognitive control. Brain. 2016;139:1844\u201354.","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-03018-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-03018-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-03018-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T08:02:15Z","timestamp":1723622535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-024-03018-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-024-03018-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"332"}}