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The views expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not reflect the endorsement or the official policy or position of the National Institute of Mental Health. CLC and JDC are inventors on a patent that describes use of proline-modulators as a treatment for schizophrenia. The patent is owned by their respective institutions, and CLC and JDC may benefit financially in the future if these patents are licensed. R. Girgis acknowledges recent expert consulting for Noble Insights, Signant Health, Guidepoint, Clearview Healthcare Partners, Health Monitor, and IMS Consulting and Expert Services for which he received compensation, as well as royalties from books on mental health published by Wipf and Stock and Routledge\/Taylor and Francis. He also provides expert legal consulting for individual law firms. No other conflicts are reported.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with all guidelines and regulations of Columbia University Irving Medical Center, The Nathan Kline Institute, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and New York State Office of Mental Health. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Western Institutional Review Board-Copernicus Group (protocol number: 20182236). All adult participants and parent(s) of minors provided written informed consent, and minors provided written informed assent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"409"}}