{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:41:46Z","timestamp":1793727706586,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03312-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T16:04:30Z","timestamp":1743782670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Subtle behavioral alterations in the spontaneous behaviors of MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7067-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangrong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1569-1421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1845-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5394-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.022","volume":"68","author":"ES Bromberg-Martin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bromberg-Martin ES, Matsumoto M, Hikosaka O. Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting. Neuron. 2010;68:815\u201334.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"3312_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.006","volume":"30","author":"A Bjorklund","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bjorklund A, Dunnett SB. Dopamine neuron systems in the brain: an update. Trends Neurosci. 2007;30:194\u2013202.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3312_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.002","volume":"30","author":"SD Iversen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iversen SD, Iversen LL. Dopamine: 50 years in perspective. Trends Neurosci. 2007;30:188\u201393.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3312_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01235-8","volume":"11","author":"HB Elam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elam HB, Perez SM, Donegan JJ, Lodge DJ. Orexin receptor antagonists reverse aberrant dopamine neuron activity and related behaviors in a rodent model of stress-induced psychosis. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11:114.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3312_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.1.1","volume":"80","author":"W Schultz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schultz W. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. J Neurophysiol. 1998;80:1\u201327.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"3312_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.017","volume":"74","author":"M Watabe-Uchida","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watabe-Uchida M, Zhu L, Ogawa SK, Vamanrao A, Uchida N. Whole-brain mapping of direct inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuron. 2012;74:858\u201373.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"3312_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11740","volume":"493","author":"KM Tye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tye KM, Mirzabekov JJ, Warden MR, Ferenczi EA, Tsai HC, Finkelstein J, et al. Dopamine neurons modulate neural encoding and expression of depression-related behaviour. Nature. 2013;493:537\u201341.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"3312_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11527","volume":"491","author":"S Lammel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lammel S, Lim BK, Ran C, Huang KW, Betley MJ, Tye KM, et al. Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area. Nature. 2012;491:212\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"3312_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11713","volume":"493","author":"D Chaudhury","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaudhury D, Walsh JJ, Friedman AK, Juarez B, Ku SM, Koo JW, et al. Rapid regulation of depressionrelated behaviours by control of midbrain dopamine neurons. Nature. 2013;493:532\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"3312_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8","volume":"403","author":"Y Ben-Shlomo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ben-Shlomo Y, Darweesh S, Llibre-Guerra J, Marras C, San Luciano M, Tanner C. The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet. 2024;403:283\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"3312_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23732","volume":"26","author":"AH Schapira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schapira AH, Jenner P. Etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. 2011;26:1049\u201355.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3312_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101834","volume":"84","author":"ABR Leite Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leite Silva ABR, Goncalves de Oliveira RW, Diogenes GP, de Castro Aguiar MF, Sallem CC, Lima MPP, et al. Premotor, nonmotor and motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a new clinical state of the art. Ageing Res Rev. 2023;84:101834.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"3312_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1703-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"A Ilango","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ilango A, Kesner AJ, Keller KL, Stuber GD, Bonci A, Ikemoto S. Similar roles of substantia nigra and ventral tegmental dopamine neurons in reward and aversion. J Neurosci. 2014;34:817\u201322.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3312_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1261-9","volume":"570","author":"B Engelhard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engelhard B, Finkelstein J, Cox J, Fleming W, Jang HJ, Ornelas S, et al. Specialized coding of sensory, motor and cognitive variables in VTA dopamine neurons. Nature. 2019;570:509\u201313.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"3312_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6823561","volume":"219","author":"JW Langston","year":"1983","unstructured":"Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, Irwin I. Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science. 1983;219:979\u201380.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"3312_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3","volume":"39","author":"W Dauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dauer W, Przedborski S. Parkinson\u2019s disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron. 2003;39:889\u2013909.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"3312_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.342","volume":"2","author":"V Jackson-Lewis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jackson-Lewis V, Przedborski S. Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Protoc. 2007;2:141\u201351.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"3312_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15699","volume":"164","author":"M Santoro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santoro M, Fadda P, Klephan KJ, Hull C, Teismann P, Platt B, et al. Neurochemical, histological, and behavioral profiling of the acute, sub-acute, and chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurochem. 2023;164:121\u201342.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3312_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64403","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064403","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang H, Liang X, Wang X, Luo D, Jia J, Wang X. Electro-acupuncture stimulation improves spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity in MPTP intoxicated mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e64403.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3312_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.49","volume":"38","author":"QS Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang QS, Heng Y, Mou Z, Huang JY, Yuan YH, Chen NH. Reassessment of subacute MPTP-treated mice as animal model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017;38:1317\u201328.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"3312_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-023-08740-7","volume":"25","author":"Y Qi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qi Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhao G, Huang J, Zhang Y, et al. Whether the subacute MPTP-treated mouse is as suitable as a classic model of Parkinsonism. Neuromolecular Med. 2023;25:360\u201374.","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"3312_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadj9581","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj9581","volume":"10","author":"ST Lubejko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lubejko ST, Livrizzi G, Buczynski SA, Patel J, Yung JC, Yaksh TL, et al. Inputs to the locus coeruleus from the periaqueductal gray and rostroventral medulla shape opioid-mediated descending pain modulation. Sci Adv. 2024;10:eadj9581.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"3312_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn0853","volume":"377","author":"X Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu X, Zhao G, Wang D, Wang S, Li R, Li A, et al. A specific circuit in the midbrain detects stress and induces restorative sleep. Science. 2022;377:63\u201372.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"3312_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.1","volume":"6","author":"E Lauretti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lauretti E, Di Meco A, Merali S, Pratico D. Chronic behavioral stress exaggerates motor deficit and neuroinflammation in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Transl Psychiatry. 2016;6:e733.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3312_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39970-9","volume":"14","author":"W Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim W, Tripathi M, Kim C, Vardhineni S, Cha Y, Kandi SK, et al. An optimized Nurr1 agonist provides disease-modifying effects in Parkinson\u2019s disease models. Nat Commun. 2023;14:4283.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3312_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2118819119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2118819119","volume":"119","author":"JT Hinkle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hinkle JT, Patel J, Panicker N, Karuppagounder SS, Biswas D, Belingon B, et al. STING mediates neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in nigrostriatal alpha-synucleinopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2022;119:e2118819119.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3312_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04806-x","volume":"607","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Roy DS, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Aida T, Hou Y, et al. Targeting thalamic circuits rescues motor and mood deficits in PD mice. Nature. 2022;607:321\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"3312_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.018","volume":"167","author":"TR Sampson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sampson TR, Debelius JW, Thron T, Janssen S, Shastri GG, Ilhan ZE, et al. Gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cell. 2016;167:1469\u201380.e1412.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3312_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01486-x","volume":"20","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Feng X, Huang H, Huang K, Xu Y, Ye S, et al. Male and female mice display consistent lifelong ability to address potential life-threatening cues using different post-threat coping strategies. BMC Biol. 2022;20:281.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"3312_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-021-00778-6","volume":"38","author":"Y Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han Y, Huang K, Chen K, Pan H, Ju F, Long Y, et al. MouseVenue3D: a markerless three-dimension behavioral tracking system for matching two-photon brain imaging in free-moving mice. Neurosci Bull. 2022;38:303\u201317.","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"3312_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51225-1","volume":"14","author":"R Bidgood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bidgood R, Zubelzu M, Ruiz-Ortega JA, Morera-Herreras T. Automated procedure to detect subtle motor alterations in the balance beam test in a mouse model of early Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci Rep. 2024;14:862.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3312_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2701204","volume":"65","author":"H Frohlich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frohlich H, Claes K, De Wolf C, Van Damme X, Michel A. A machine learning approach to automated gait analysis for the noldus catwalk system. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018;65:1133\u20139.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"3312_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5490","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3083079","volume":"30","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Zhou F, Zhao A, Li X, Li L, Tao D, et al. Multi-view mouse social behaviour recognition with deep graphic model. IEEE Trans Image Process. 2021;30:5490\u2013504.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"3312_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22970-y","volume":"12","author":"K Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang K, Han Y, Chen K, Pan H, Zhao G, Yi W, et al. A hierarchical 3D-motion learning framework for animal spontaneous behavior mapping. Nat Commun. 2021;12:2784.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3312_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2017.03.010","volume":"38","author":"S Schildknecht","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schildknecht S, Di Monte DA, Pape R, Tieu K, Leist M. Tipping points and endogenous determinants of nigrostriatal degeneration by MPTP. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2017;38:541\u201355.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3312_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dmm042200","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.042200","volume":"12","author":"U Roostalu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roostalu U, Salinas CBG, Thorbek DD, Skytte JL, Fabricius K, Barkholt P, et al. Quantitative whole-brain 3D imaging of tyrosine hydroxylase-labeled neuron architecture in the mouse MPTP model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Dis Model Mech. 2019;12:dmm042200.","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"3312_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70549-X","volume":"5","author":"R Djaldetti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Djaldetti R, Ziv I, Melamed E. The mystery of motor asymmetry in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:796\u2013802.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3312_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00309-6","volume":"125","author":"M Sedelis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sedelis M, Schwarting RK, Huston JP. Behavioral phenotyping of the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Behav Brain Res. 2001;125:109\u201325.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3312_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00045-7","volume":"24","author":"R Aspide","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aspide R, Fresiello A, de Filippis G, Gironi Carnevale UA, Sadile AG. Non-selective attention in a rat model of hyperactivity and attention deficit: subchronic methylphenydate and nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000;24:59\u201371.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3312_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00217-9","volume":"95","author":"R Aspide","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aspide R, Gironi Carnevale UA, Sergeant JA, Sadile AG. Non-selective attention and nitric oxide in putative animal models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Res. 1998;95:123\u201333.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3312_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033338","volume":"1","author":"RK Schwarting","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schwarting RK, Sedelis M, Hofele K, Auburger GW, Huston JP. Strain-dependent recovery of open-field behavior and striatal dopamine deficiency in the mouse MPTP model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurotox Res. 1999;1:41\u201356.","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"3312_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.03.125","volume":"559","author":"N Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu N, Han Y, Ding H, Huang K, Wei P, Wang L. Objective and comprehensive re-evaluation of anxietylike behaviors in mice using the behavior atlas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021;559:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3312_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074536","volume":"8","author":"AL Sheets","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sheets AL, Lai PL, Fisher LC, Basso DM. Quantitative evaluation of 3D mouse behaviors and motor function in the open-field after spinal cord injury using markerless motion tracking. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e74536.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3312_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.05.011","volume":"127","author":"M Manns","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manns M, Basbasse YE, Freund N, Ocklenburg S. Paw preferences in mice and rats: meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;127:593\u2013606.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3312_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00401-P","volume":"64","author":"S Cabib","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cabib S, D\u2019Amato FR, Neveu PJ, Deleplanque B, Le Moal M, Puglisi-Allegra S. Paw preference and brain dopamine asymmetries. Neuroscience. 1995;64:427\u201332.","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"3312_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300570","volume":"30","author":"E Morice","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morice E, Denis C, Macario A, Giros B, Nosten-Bertrand M. Constitutive hyperdopaminergia is functionally associated with reduced behavioral lateralization. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30:575\u201381.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"3312_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28631","volume":"36","author":"A Mirelman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirelman A, Ben Or Frank M, Melamed M, Granovsky L, Nieuwboer A, Rochester L, et al. Detecting sensitive mobility features for Parkinson\u2019s disease stages via machine learning. Mov Disord. 2021;36:2144\u201355.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3312_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-023-00510-1","volume":"14","author":"IM Constantin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Constantin IM, Voruz P, Peron JA. Moderating effects of uric acid and sex on cognition and psychiatric symptoms in asymmetric Parkinson\u2019s disease. Biol Sex Differ. 2023;14:26.","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"3312_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00542-9","volume":"23","author":"J Blesa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blesa J, Foffani G, Dehay B, Bezard E, Obeso JA. Motor and non-motor circuit disturbances in early Parkinson disease: which happens first? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2022;23:115\u201328.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3312_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24973","volume":"27","author":"W Maetzler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maetzler W, Hausdorff JM. Motor signs in the prodromal phase of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. 2012;27:627\u201333.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3312_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061961","volume":"21","author":"T Taguchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taguchi T, Ikuno M, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Animal model for prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:1961.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3312_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-015-9753-3","volume":"46","author":"M Filali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Filali M, Lalonde R. Neurobehavioral anomalies in the Pitx3\/ak murine model of Parkinson\u2019s disease and MPTP. Behav Genet. 2016;46:228\u201341.","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"3312_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00140","volume":"12","author":"ERS Torres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torres ERS, Akinyeke T, Stagaman K, Duvoisin RM, Meshul CK, Sharpton TJ, et al. Effects of sub-chronic MPTP exposure on behavioral and cognitive performance and the microbiome of wild-type and mglu8 knockout female and male mice. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018;12:140.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"3312_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.06.010","volume":"118","author":"J Su","year":"2018","unstructured":"Su J, Wang H, Yang Y, Wang J, Li H, Huang D, et al. RESP18 deficiency has protective effects in dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurochem Int. 2018;118:195\u2013204.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03312-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03312-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03312-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:48:59Z","timestamp":1744271339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03312-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-025-03312-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study involved only animal research. All husbandry procedures and experiments conformed to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees guidelines at Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IACUC ref: YSB-20211014-A0158).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"119"}}