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The gut microbiota\u2019s impact on neurodevelopment is highlighted, particularly its relevance to autism, anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions. In this review, we explored the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota (GM) and the central nervous system (CNS), emphasizing the bidirectional communication that forms the gut-brain axis. Associations between specific gut microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases are explored, focusing on the role of certain bacteria in processes such as amyloid aggregation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). The potential for therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiota is discussed, with a focus on dietary interventions and probiotics as strategies to improve outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases by restoring gut health. We concluded by emphasizing the significance of understanding the gut-brain connection and calls for further research to investigate therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiome for brain health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03504-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T23:13:06Z","timestamp":1755040386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Bidirectional crosstalk between the gut microbiota and cellular compartments of brain: Implications for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Seyedeh Marziyeh","family":"Jabbari Shiadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6720-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wing Ki","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Rasmusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0255-5889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e2mia","family":"Joca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Westberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Elfvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Mallard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3414-1584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Ardalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3504_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014","volume":"7","author":"E Rinninella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rinninella E, Raoul P, Cintoni M, Franceschi F, Miggiano GAD, Gasbarrini A, et al. 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