{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:05:02Z","timestamp":1778706302004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03530-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T09:52:37Z","timestamp":1755856357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sex-dependent preventive effects of prenatal N-acetyl-cysteine on neuronal, emotional and metabolic dysfunctions following exposure to maternal high-fat diet in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1760-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Musillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Sam\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin Camile","family":"Creutzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Begni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Collacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7700-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonida","family":"Bitraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ginetta","family":"Collo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1699-5060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Andrea","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6562-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9440-1873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Cirulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3530_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Mental disorders. 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/mental-disorders. Accessed 27 Sep 2022."},{"key":"3530_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2016.40.4.272","volume":"40","author":"CY Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han CY. Roles of reactive oxygen species on insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40:272\u2013279.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"3530_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.09.025","volume":"51","author":"CN Black","year":"2015","unstructured":"Black CN, Bot M, Scheffer PG, Cuijpers P, Penninx BWJH. Is depression associated with increased oxidative stress? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015;51:164\u2013175.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3530_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21654","volume":"24","author":"F McMurray","year":"2016","unstructured":"McMurray F, Patten DA, Harper ME. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in obesity\u2014recent findings and empirical approaches. Obesity. 2016;24:2301\u201310.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"3530_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.5.928","volume":"30","author":"P Bateson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bateson P. Fetal experience and good adult design. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:928\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3530_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.01.023","volume":"447","author":"F Cirulli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cirulli F, Musillo C, Berry A. Maternal obesity as a risk factor for brain development and mental health in the offspring. Neuroscience. 2020;447:122\u2013135.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3530_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.12.041","volume":"566","author":"M Sam\u00e0","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sam\u00e0 M, Musillo C, Cirulli F. Counteracting the effects of maternal obesity on offspring neurodevelopment through omega-3-based nutritional strategies. Neuroscience. 2025;566:142\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3530_CR8","first-page":"87","volume":"95","author":"JLB Davis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davis JLB, O\u2019connor M, Erlbacher H, Schlichte SL, Stevens HE. The impact of maternal antioxidants on prenatal stress effects on offspring neurobiology and behavior. Yale J Biol Med. 2022;95:87\u2013104.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"3530_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5116","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz052","volume":"29","author":"J Bittle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bittle J, Menezes EC, McCormick ML, Spitz DR, Dailey M, Stevens HE. The role of redox dysregulation in the effects of prenatal stress on embryonic interneuron migration. Cereb Cortex. 2019;29:5116\u20135130.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"3530_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8469756","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8469756","volume":"2022","author":"T Scheuer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scheuer T, Endesfelder S, Auf Dem Brinke E, B\u00fchrer C, Schmitz T. Neonatal oxidative stress impairs cortical synapse formation and GABA homeostasis in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:8469756 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/8469756","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"3530_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab066","volume":"47","author":"D Dwir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dwir D, Cabungcal JH, Xin L, Giangreco B, Parietti E, Cleusix M, et al. Timely N-Acetyl-cysteine and environmental enrichment rescue oxidative stress-induced parvalbumin interneuron impairments via MMP9\/RAGE pathway: a translational approach for early intervention in psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2021;47:1782\u201394.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"3530_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01374-w","volume":"27","author":"M Cuenod","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cuenod M, Steullet P, Cabungcal JH, Dwir D, Khadimallah I, Klauser P, et al. Caught in vicious circles: a perspective on dynamic feed-forward loops driving oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:1886\u201397.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3530_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21159","volume":"23","author":"JM Gallardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gallardo JM, G\u00f5mez-L\u00f5pez J, Medina-Bravo P, Ju\u00e1rez-S\u00e1nchez F, Contreras-Ramos A, Galicia-Esquivel M, et al. Maternal obesity increases oxidative stress in the newborn. Obesity. 2015;23:1650\u201354.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"3530_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.03.010","volume":"35","author":"N Malti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malti N, Merzouk H, Merzouk SA, Loukidi B, Karaouzene N, Malti A, et al. Oxidative stress and maternal obesity: feto-placental unit interaction. Placenta. 2014;35:411\u201316.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"3530_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blanco ALY, D\u00edaz-L\u00f3pez KM, Vilchis-Gil J, Diaz-Garcia H, Gomez-Lopez J, Medina-Bravo P et al. Diet and maternal obesity are associated with increased oxidative stress in newborns: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients 2022; 14:746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14040746.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040746"},{"key":"3530_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.06.012","volume":"60","author":"V Bellisario","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bellisario V, Panetta P, Balsevich G, Baumann V, Noble J, Raggi C, et al. Maternal high-fat diet acts as a stressor increasing maternal glucocorticoids\u2019 signaling to the fetus and disrupting maternal behavior and brain activation in C57BL\/6J mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015;60:138\u2013150.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3530_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Musillo C, Ajmone-Cat MA, De Simone R, Tassinari R, Maranghi F, Tait S, et al. Maternal stressors disrupt mouse placental proteome and fetal brain development in a sex-specific fashion through inflammation and oxidative stress. Mol Psychiatry. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-025-03090-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03090-1"},{"key":"3530_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02701-1","volume":"13","author":"C Musillo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Musillo C, Creutzberg KC, Collacchi B, Ajmone-Cat MA, De Simone R, Lepre M, et al. Bdnf-Nrf-2 crosstalk and emotional behavior are disrupted in a sex-dependent fashion in adolescent mice exposed to maternal stress or maternal obesity. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13:399.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3530_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110444108","volume":"108","author":"C Liston","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liston C, Gan WB. Glucocorticoids are critical regulators of dendritic spine development and plasticity in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:16074\u201379.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3530_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24027","volume":"524","author":"RM Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson RM, Glanz RM, Johnson SB, Miller MM, Romig-Martin SA, Radley JJ. Prolonged corticosterone exposure induces dendritic spine remodeling and attrition in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. J Comp Neurol. 2016;524:3729\u201346.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"3530_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2024.104049","volume":"3","author":"L Cavalleri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cavalleri L, Dassieni I, Marcotto S, Zoli M, Pich EM, Collo G. Cortisol-dependent impairment of dendrite plasticity in human dopaminergic neurons derived from hiPSCs is restored by ketamine: relevance for major depressive disorders. Neurosci Appl. 2024;3:104049.","journal-title":"Neurosci Appl"},{"key":"3530_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105333","volume":"23","author":"CH Tran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tran CH, Shannon Weickert C, Weickert TW, Sinclair D. Early life stress alters expression of glucocorticoid stress response genes and trophic factor transcripts in the rodent basal ganglia. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:5333 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23105333","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3530_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226767","volume":"339","author":"J Barik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barik J, Marti F, Morel C, Fernandez SP, Lanteri C, Godeheu G, et al. Chronic stress triggers social aversion via glucocorticoid receptor in dopaminoceptive neurons. Science. 2013;339:332\u20135.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3530_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01419","volume":"20","author":"M Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han M, Zeng D, Tan W, Chen X, Bai S, Wu Q, et al. Brain region\u2013specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress\u2013induced depressive-like behavior. Neural Regen Res. 2025;20:159\u2013173.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"3530_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.3390\/BRAINSCI11081106","volume":"11","author":"S Claros","year":"2021","unstructured":"Claros S, Gil A, Martinelli M, Valverde N, Lara E, Boraldi F, et al. Impact of glucocorticoid on a cellular model of parkinson\u2019s disease: oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Brain Sci. 2021;11:1106 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BRAINSCI11081106","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"3530_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.826193","volume":"16","author":"A Ni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ni A, Ernst C. Evidence that substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons are selectively vulnerable to oxidative stress because they are highly metabolically active. Front Cell Neurosci. 2022;16:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"3530_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000411","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000411","volume":"18","author":"NP du Sert","year":"2020","unstructured":"du Sert NP, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, et al. Reporting animal research: explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. PLoS Biol. 2020;18:e3000411.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"3530_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4196961","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4196961","volume":"2018","author":"G Collo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collo G, Cavalleri L, Bono F, Mora C, Fedele S, Invernizzi RW, et al. Ropinirole and pramipexole promote structural plasticity in human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons via BDNF and mTOR signaling. Neural Plast. 2018;2018:4196961 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/4196961","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"3530_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7495.843","volume":"330","author":"DG Altman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Altman DG, Bland JM. Treatment allocation by minimisation. BMJ. 2005;330:843.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3530_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00048","volume":"12","author":"A Berry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berry A, Bellisario V, Panetta P, Raggi C, Magnifico MC, Arese M, et al. Administration of the antioxidant n-acetyl-cysteine in pregnant mice has long-term positive effects on metabolic and behavioral endpoints of male and female offspring prenatally exposed to a high-fat diet. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018;12:48.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"3530_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1037\/h0045786","volume":"54","author":"S Ross","year":"1957","unstructured":"Ross S, Ginsburg BE, Denenberg VH. The use of the split-litter technique in psychological research. Psychol Bull. 1957;54:145\u2013151.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"3530_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.04.009","volume":"49","author":"R Lalonde","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lalonde R, Strazielle C. Exploratory activity and motor coordination in old versus middle-aged C57BL\/6J mice. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49:39\u201342.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"3530_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00292-3","volume":"125","author":"SE File","year":"2001","unstructured":"File SE. Factors controlling measures of anxiety and responses to novelty in the mouse. Behav Brain Res. 2001;125:151\u20137.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3530_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00177912","volume":"92","author":"RG Lister","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lister RG. The use of a plus-maze to measure anxiety in the mouse. Psychopharmacology. 1987;92:180\u20135.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"3530_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1038\/319774a0","volume":"319","author":"RGM Morris","year":"1986","unstructured":"Morris RGM, Anderson E, Lynch GS, Baudry M. Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5. Nature. 1986;319:774\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3530_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(78)90118-8","volume":"47","author":"RD Porsolt","year":"1978","unstructured":"Porsolt RD, Anton G, Blavet N, Jalfre M. Behavioural despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Eur J Pharmacol. 1978;47:379\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3530_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Can A, Dao DT, Arad M, Terrillion CE, Piantadosi SC, Gould TD. The mouse forced swim test. J Vis Exp. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/3638","DOI":"10.3791\/3638"},{"key":"3530_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00137.2012","volume":"303","author":"PC Even","year":"2012","unstructured":"Even PC, Nadkarni NA. Indirect calorimetry in laboratory mice and rats: principles, practical considerations, interpretation and perspectives. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2012;303:459\u201376.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"3530_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20790-0","volume":"12","author":"JC Reynolds","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, Joly JH, Mitchell CJ, Cameron-Smith D, et al. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nat Commun. 2021;12:470 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-20790-0","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3530_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","volume":"29","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfaffl MW. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT\u2013PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001;29:E45.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3530_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10648","volume":"480","author":"S Kriks","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kriks S, Shim JW, Piao J, Ganat YM, Wakeman DR, Xie Z, et al. Dopamine neurons derived from human ES cells efficiently engraft in animal models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nature. 2011;480:547\u201351.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3530_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05633-1","volume":"7","author":"S Fedele","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fedele S, Collo G, Behr K, Bischofberger J, M\u00fcller S, Kunath T, et al. Expansion of human midbrain floor plate progenitors from induced pluripotent stem cells increases dopaminergic neuron differentiation potential. Sci Rep. 2017;7:6036 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-05633-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3530_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.241","volume":"23","author":"L Cavalleri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavalleri L, Merlo Pich E, Millan MJ, Chiamulera C, Kunath T, Spano PF, et al. Ketamine enhances structural plasticity in mouse mesencephalic and human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons via AMPAR-driven BDNF and mTOR signaling. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23:812\u201323.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3530_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00108-7","volume":"28","author":"JC Pruessner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pruessner JC, Kirschbaum C, Meinlschmid G, Hellhammer DH. Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003;28:916\u201331.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3530_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00043-2","volume":"44","author":"F Curtin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Curtin F, Schulz P. Multiple correlations and Bonferroni\u2019s correction. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44:775\u20137.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3530_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.03.007","volume":"221","author":"A Jahn-Eimermacher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jahn-Eimermacher A, Lasarzik I, Raber J. Statistical analysis of latency outcomes in behavioral experiments. Behav Brain Res. 2011;221:271\u20135.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3530_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729885","volume":"21","author":"FE Grubbs","year":"1950","unstructured":"Grubbs FE. Sample criteria for testing outlying observations. Ann Math Stat. 1950;21:27\u201358.","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"key":"3530_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.07.020","volume":"121","author":"A Ratsika","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ratsika A, Codagnone MG, Bastiaanssen TFS, Hoffmann Sarda FA, Lynch CMK, Ventura-Silva AP, et al. Maternal high-fat diet-induced microbiota changes are associated with alterations in embryonic brain metabolites and adolescent behaviour. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;121:317\u201330.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3530_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680899","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2021.680899","volume":"13","author":"NA Elsayed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elsayed NA, Boyer TM, Burd I. Fetal neuroprotective strategies: therapeutic agents and their underlying synaptic pathways. Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2021;13:680899 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsyn.2021.680899","journal-title":"Front Synaptic Neurosci"},{"key":"3530_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.168","volume":"38","author":"K Hausknecht","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hausknecht K, Haj-Dahmane S, Shen RY. Prenatal stress exposure increases the excitation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and alters their reponses to psychostimulants. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38:293\u2013301.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3530_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI134412","volume":"130","author":"RN Lippert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lippert RN, Hess S, Klemm P, Burgeno LM, Jahans-Price T, Walton ME, et al. Maternal high-fat diet during lactation reprograms the dopaminergic circuitry in mice. J Clin Invest. 2020;130:3761\u201376.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3530_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16184","volume":"58","author":"T Volqvartz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Volqvartz T, Andersen HHB, Pedersen LH, Larsen A. Obesity in pregnancy\u2014long-term effects on offspring hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and associations with placental cortisol metabolism: a systematic review. Eur J Neurosci. 2023;58:4393\u20134422.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3530_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.1685","volume":"7","author":"ME Elhassan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elhassan ME, Miller AL, Vazquez DM, Lumeng JC. Associations of prenatal and perinatal factors with cortisol diurnal pattern and reactivity to stress at preschool age among children living in poverty. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2015;7:114\u2013120.","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"3530_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.10.015","volume":"95","author":"ET Barfield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barfield ET, Gourley SL. Prefrontal cortical trkB, glucocorticoids, and their interactions in stress and developmental contexts. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;95:535\u2013558.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3530_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185606","volume":"10","author":"DA Pizzagalli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pizzagalli DA. Depression, stress, and anhedonia: Toward a synthesis and integrated model. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:393\u2013423.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"3530_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190287","volume":"329","author":"N Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li N, Lee B, Liu RJ, Banasr M, Dwyer JM, Iwata M, et al. mTOR-dependent synapse formation underlies the rapid antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists. Science. 2010;329:959\u201364.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3530_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.026","volume":"73","author":"JH Krystal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krystal JH, Sanacora G, Duman RS. Rapid-acting glutamatergic antidepressants: the path to ketamine and beyond. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:1133\u201341.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3530_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01728-8","volume":"49","author":"SM Thompson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thompson SM. Modulators of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: past, present, and future. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2024;49:83\u201395.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3530_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110232","volume":"38","author":"HK Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao HK, Guet-McCreight A, Mazza F, Moradi Chameh H, Prevot TD, Griffiths JD, et al. Reduced inhibition in depression impairs stimulus processing in human cortical microcircuits. Cell Rep. 2022;38:110232.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"3530_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.03.021","volume":"94","author":"V Mancini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mancini V, Saleh MG, Delavari F, Bagautdinova J, Eliez S. Excitatory\/Inhibitory imbalance underlies hippocampal atrophy in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with psychotic symptoms. Biol Psychiatry. 2023;94:569\u201379.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3530_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.01.001","volume":"34","author":"M Berk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berk M, Malhi GS, Gray LJ, Dean OM. The promise of N-acetylcysteine in neuropsychiatry. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2013;34:167\u201377.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3530_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8537","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0329-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"SL Liang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liang SL, Carlson GC, Coulter DA. Dynamic regulation of synaptic GABA release by the glutamate-glutamine cycle in hippocampal area CA1. J Neurosci. 2006;26:8537\u201348.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3530_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00907-3","volume":"36","author":"RCJ Bradlow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bradlow RCJ, Berk M, Kalivas PW, Back SE, Kanaan RA. The potential of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs. 2022;36:451\u201382.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"3530_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103379","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103379","volume":"9","author":"H Raza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raza H, John A, Shafarin J. NAC attenuates LPS-induced toxicity in aspirin-sensitized mouse macrophages via suppression of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e103379 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0103379","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3530_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2023.111802","volume":"211","author":"J Tiberi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tiberi J, Cesarini V, Stefanelli R, Canterini S, Fiorenza MT, La Rosa P. Sex differences in antioxidant defence and the regulation of redox homeostasis in physiology and pathology. Mech Ageing Dev. 2023;211:111802.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"3530_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04761-4","volume":"80","author":"A Nikolic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nikolic A, Fahlbusch P, Wahlers N, Riffelmann NK, Jacob S, Hartwig S, et al. Chronic stress targets mitochondrial respiratory efficiency in the skeletal muscle of C57BL\/6 mice. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023;80:108.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"3530_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281860","volume":"599","author":"JR Ivy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ivy JR, Carter RN, Zhao JF, Buckley C, Urquijo H, Rog-Zielinska EA, et al. Glucocorticoids regulate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in fetal cardiomyocytes. J Physiol. 2021;599:4901\u201324.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3530_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.003","volume":"74","author":"BWJH Penninx","year":"2017","unstructured":"Penninx BWJH. Depression and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological evidence on their linking mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;74:277\u201386.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03530-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03530-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03530-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T04:56:36Z","timestamp":1757480196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03530-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-025-03530-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"306"}}