{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:42:49Z","timestamp":1787002969264,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32400850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32400850"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M710989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M710989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03583-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:32:20Z","timestamp":1759732340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impairments of spatial memory retrieval via medial mammillary body dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Danyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunmin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2999-2945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3583_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2583","volume":"13","author":"JJ Palop","year":"2010","unstructured":"Palop JJ, Mucke L. Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from synapses toward neural networks. Nat. Neurosci. 2010;13:812\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20412","volume":"539","author":"RG Canter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Canter RG, Penney J, Tsai LH. The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature. 2016;539:187\u201396.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3583_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0687-6","volume":"23","author":"MA Busche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Busche MA, Hyman BT. Synergy between amyloid-\u03b2 and tau in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Neurosci. 2020;23:1183\u201393.","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.06.005","volume":"107","author":"SS Harris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harris SS, Wolf F, De Strooper B, Busche MA. Tipping the scales: peptide-dependent dysregulation of neural circuit dynamics in alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuron. 2020;107:417\u201335.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3583_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(99)00011-X","volume":"102","author":"LJ Sant\u00edn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sant\u00edn LJ, Rubio S, Begega A, Arias JL. Effects of mammillary body lesions on spatial reference and working memory tasks. Behav Brain Res. 1999;102:137\u201350.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"3583_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000001","volume":"128","author":"AJD Nelson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nelson AJD, Vann SD. Mammilliothalamic tract lesions disrupt tests of visuo-spatial memory. Behav. Neurosci. 2014;128:494\u2013503.","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6696","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0827-19.2019","volume":"39","author":"CM Dillingham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dillingham CM, Milczarek MM, Perry JC, Frost BE, Parker GD, Assaf Y, et al. Mammillothalamic disconnection alters hippocampocortical oscillatory activity and microstructure: implications for diencephalic amnesia. J. Neurosci. 2019;39:6696.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.11.017","volume":"319","author":"BE Guti\u00e9rrez-Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Guzm\u00e1n BE, Hern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez JJ, Olvera-Cort\u00e9s ME. Serotonergic modulation of septo-hippocampal and septo-mammillary theta activity during spatial learning, in the rat. Behav Brain Res. 2017;319:73\u201386.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"3583_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1299","volume":"5","author":"SD Vann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vann SD, Aggleton JP. The mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one? Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004;5:35\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabf1913","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf1913","volume":"7","author":"T Kitanishi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kitanishi T, Umaba R, Mizuseki K. Robust information routing by dorsal subiculum neurons. Sci. Adv. 2021;7:eabf1913.","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"3583_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.11.031","volume":"121","author":"CM Dillingham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dillingham CM, Milczarek MM, Perry JC, Vann SD. Time to put the mammillothalamic pathway into context. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2021;121:60\u201374.","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"3583_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00736","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00736","volume":"2","author":"SD Vann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vann SD. Dismantling the Papez circuit for memory in rats. eLife. 2013;2:e00736.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"3583_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20796","volume":"21","author":"SD Vann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vann SD, Erichsen JT, O\u2019Mara SM, Aggleton JP. Selective disconnection of the hippocampal formation projections to the mammillary bodies produces only mild deficits on spatial memory tasks: implications for fornix function. Hippocampus. 2011;21:945\u201357.","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"3583_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2149","volume":"11","author":"D Tsivilis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsivilis D, Vann SD, Denby C, Roberts N, Mayes AR, Montaldi D, et al. A disproportionate role for the fornix and mammillary bodies in recall versus recognition memory. Nat. Neurosci. 2008;11:834\u201342.","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02108-7","volume":"139","author":"M Thierry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thierry M, Boluda S, Delatour B, Marty S, Seilhean D, Letournel F, et al. Human subiculo-fornico-mamillary system in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: tau seeding by the pillar of the fornix. Acta Neuropathol. 2020;139:443\u201361.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"3583_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317515602548","volume":"31","author":"SJ Baloyannis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baloyannis SJ, Mavroudis I, Baloyannis IS, Costa VG. Mammillary bodies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a Golgi and electron microscope study. Am. J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. Other Demen. 2015;31:247\u201356.","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. Other Demen"},{"key":"3583_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0599-8","volume":"2","author":"R Gail Canter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gail Canter R, Huang W-C, Choi H, Wang J, Ashley Watson L, Yao CG, et al. 3D mapping reveals network-specific amyloid progression and subcortical susceptibility in mice. Commun. Biol. 2019;2:360.","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"3583_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2020.608177","volume":"14","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Long B, Li A, Sun Q, Tian J, Luo T, et al. Whole-brain three-dimensional profiling reveals brain region specific axon vulnerability in 5xFAD mouse model. Front. Neuroanat. 2020;14:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat"},{"key":"3583_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.10.034","volume":"110","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang C, Zhu H, Ni Z, Xin Q, Zhou T, Wu R, et al. Dynamics of a disinhibitory prefrontal microcircuit in controlling social competition. Neuron. 2022;110:516\u201331.e6.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3583_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53129","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53129","volume":"9","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Bao H, Luo Y, Yoan C, Sullivan HA, Quintanilla L, et al. Supramammillary nucleus synchronizes with dentate gyrus to regulate spatial memory retrieval through glutamate release. eLife. 2020;9:e53129.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"3583_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.03.025","volume":"78","author":"CJ Guenthner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guenthner CJ, Miyamichi K, Yang HH, Heller HC, Luo L. Permanent genetic access to transiently active neurons via TRAP: targeted recombination in active populations. Neuron. 2013;78:773\u201384.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3583_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03087-w","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yao M, Jiang T, Li A, Gong H, He M, et al. A dorsal subiculum-medial mammillary body pathway for spatial memory. Mol. Psychiatry. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-025-03087-w.","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"3583_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1360\/N052019-00001","volume":"49","author":"B Long","year":"2019","unstructured":"Long B, Li X, Zhang J, Chen S, Li W, Zhong Q, et al. Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of amyloid plaques in the whole brain with high voxel resolution. Sci. Sin. Vitae. 2019;49:140.","journal-title":"Sci. Sin. Vitae"},{"key":"3583_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02137-5","volume":"28","author":"A Guskjolen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guskjolen A, Cembrowski MS. Engram neurons: encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and forgetting of memory. Mol. Psychiatry. 2023;28:3207\u201319.","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"3583_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.07.025","volume":"54","author":"CM Dillingham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dillingham CM, Frizzati A, Nelson AJD, Vann SD. How do mammillary body inputs contribute to anterior thalamic function? Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2015;54:108\u201319.","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"3583_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/58593","author":"JK Denninger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Denninger JK, Smith BM, Kirby ED. Novel object recognition and object location behavioral testing in mice on a budget. JoVE. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/58593.","journal-title":"JoVE"},{"key":"3583_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.07.042","volume":"33","author":"R Refaeli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Refaeli R, Kreisel T, Groysman M, Adamsky A, Goshen I. Engram stability and maturation during systems consolidation underlies remote memory. Curr. Biol. 2023;33:3942\u20133950.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2023.07.042.","journal-title":"Curr. Biol"},{"key":"3583_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10129","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1202-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"H Oakley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oakley H, Cole SL, Logan S, Maus E, Shao P, Craft J, et al. Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease mutations: potential factors in amyloid plaque formation. J. Neurosci. 2006;26:10129\u201340.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196.e29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.027","volume":"33","author":"S Jawhar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jawhar S, Trawicka A, Jenneckens C, Bayer TA, Wirths O. Motor deficits, neuron loss, and reduced anxiety coinciding with axonal degeneration and intraneuronal A\u03b2 aggregation in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 2012;33:196.e29\u201340.","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"3583_CR30","first-page":"4126","volume":"55","author":"H Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan H, Pang P, Chen W, Zhu H, Henok KA, Li H, et al. The lesion analysis of cholinergic neurons in 5XFAD mouse model in the three-dimensional level of whole brain. Mol. Neurobiol. 2018;55:4126.","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"3583_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.01.019","volume":"16","author":"KR Babcock","year":"2021","unstructured":"Babcock KR, Page JS, Fallon JR, Webb AE. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Stem Cell Rep. 2021;16:681\u201393.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"3583_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05113-1","volume":"609","author":"NL Pettit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pettit NL, Yap E-L, Greenberg ME, Harvey CD. Fos ensembles encode and shape stable spatial maps in the hippocampus. Nature. 2022;609:327\u201334.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3583_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.061307.090711","volume":"31","author":"KJ De Vos","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Vos KJ, Grierson AJ, Ackerley S, Miller CC. Role of axonal transport in neurodegenerative diseases. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2008;31:151\u201373.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4443","volume":"24","author":"Z He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He Z, Guo JL, McBride JD, Narasimhan S, Kim H, Changolkar L, et al. Amyloid-\u03b2 plaques enhance Alzheimer\u2019s brain tau-seeded pathologies by facilitating neuritic plaque tau aggregation. Nat. Med. 2018;24:29\u201338.","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"3583_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.74.1.322","volume":"74","author":"BH Bland","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bland BH, Konopacki J, Kirk IJ, Oddie SD, Dickson CT. Discharge patterns of hippocampal theta-related cells in the caudal diencephalon of the urethan-anesthetized rat. J. Neurophysiol. 1995;74:322\u201333.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"3583_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00586-X","volume":"33","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki G. Theta oscillations in the hippocampus. Neuron. 2002;33:325\u201340.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3583_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-012-9195-0","volume":"22","author":"JJ Kril","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kril JJ, Harper CG. Neuroanatomy and neuropathology associated with Korsakoff\u2019s syndrome. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012;22:72\u201380.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev."},{"key":"3583_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20749","volume":"21","author":"M Tsanov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tsanov M, Vann SD, Erichsen JT, Wright N, Aggleton JP, O\u2019Mara SM. Differential regulation of synaptic plasticity of the hippocampal and the hypothalamic inputs to the anterior thalamus. Hippocampus. 2011;21:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"3583_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07251.x","volume":"31","author":"JP Aggleton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aggleton JP, O\u2019Mara SM, Vann SD, Wright NF, Tsanov M, Erichsen JT. Hippocampal\u2013anterior thalamic pathways for memory: uncovering a network of direct and indirect actions. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2010;31:2292\u2013307.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015404","volume":"123","author":"JP Aggleton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aggleton JP, Poirier GL, Aggleton HS, Vann SD, Pearce JM. Lesions of the fornix and anterior thalamic nuclei dissociate different aspects of hippocampal-dependent spatial learning: implications for the neural basis of scene learning. Behav. Neurosci. 2009;123:504\u201319.","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04450.x","volume":"22","author":"JP Aggleton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aggleton JP, Vann SD, Saunders RC. Projections from the hippocampal region to the mammillary bodies in macaque monkeys. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005;22:2519\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3583_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58901","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58901","volume":"9","author":"LE Mickelsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mickelsen LE, Flynn WF, Springer K, Wilson L, Beltrami EJ, Bolisetty M, et al. Cellular taxonomy and spatial organization of the murine ventral posterior hypothalamus. eLife. 2020;9:e58901.","journal-title":"eLife"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03583-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03583-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03583-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:32:20Z","timestamp":1759732340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-025-03583-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-025-03583-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"We testify that this study has not been published in whole or in part elsewhere.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Animal Care and Use Committee of Chongqing Medical University (IACUC-CQMU-2024-0919). The informed consent was obtained from all participants. There were no identifiable images from human research participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"353"}}