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Doxycycline is a matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) inhibitor. MMP-9 is required for late-phase, NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and the basal and central amygdala nuclei, which are important to various forms of learning and memory. Here we examined the effect of doxycycline on the development of intrusive memories in a pre-registered randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/72ys9\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/osf.io\/72ys9<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ). Healthy females (N\u2009=\u200980) received 200\u2009mg doxycycline or placebo 4.5\u2009h before exposure to film footage depicting strong interpersonal violence. Participants then completed an intrusion diary for one week. Most participants, 92%, experienced intrusive memories following the trauma film. There was no evidence that doxycycline and placebo groups differed in frequency, distress, and vividness of daily intrusive memories models. The doxycycline group showed enhanced arousal, indexed by skin conductance when exposed to reminder cues, and better performance in a memory task about film content compared to placebo one-week post-film. Based on our findings, the MMP9-inhibitor doxycycline did not impair the development of intrusive memories and was associated with increased arousal and improved retrieval of experimental trauma memory one week later.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03657-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:14:23Z","timestamp":1773033263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of doxycycline on intrusive experimental trauma memory: a pre-registered, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4685-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Meister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2560-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Rosi-Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bavato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9885-1748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3717-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik R.","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Kleim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3657_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association, editors. 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