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HL reports receiving grants from TAKEDA and Shire Pharmaceuticals; personal fees from and serving as a speaker for Medice, Shire\/Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Evolan Pharma AB; all outside the submitted work. HL is editor-in-chief of JCPP Advances. AF and RJBD are co-founders of Onsentia. AF holds shares of Google. JAR-Q was on the speakers\u2019 bureau and\/or acted as consultant for Biogen, Idorsia, Casen-Recordati, Johnson&Johnson, Novartis, Takeda, Bial, Sincrolab, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Lilly, BMS, Medice, Rubi\u00f3, Uriach, Technofarma and Raffo in the last 3 years. JAR-Q also received travel awards (air tickets + hotel) for taking part in psychiatric meetings from Biogen, Lilly,Idorsia, Johnson&Johnson, Rubi\u00f3, Takeda, Bial and Medice. The Department of Psychiatry chaired by JAR-Q received unrestricted educational and research support from the following companies in the last 3 years: Exeltis, Idorsia, Casen-Recordati, Takeda, Neuraxpharm, Oryzon, Roche, Probitas and Rubi\u00f3. Johnson&Johnson. JK has given talks at educational events sponsored by Medice; all funds are received by King\u2019s College London and used for studies of ADHD.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethical approval was obtained in London from the Camberwell St Giles Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 21\/LO\/0825) and in Spain from the Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital Ethics Committee (CEIm code: EOM(AG)004\/2022(5944)). All participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"17"}}