{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:00:08Z","timestamp":1771578008056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001827","name":"Universiteit van Amsterdam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2_0920A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2_0920A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06360322210024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06360322210024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lipids are highly abundant in the brain and play key roles in membrane regulation, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and inflammation. The same processes are involved in neuromodulation mechanisms. While neuromodulation therapies have shown promising outcomes for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, the factors determining individual variability in treatment response remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the potential impact of neurometabolic factors in predicting response has been largely overlooked. This narrative review aims to evaluate the role of lipids in psychiatric neuromodulation. Particularly glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been described as important mediators. Current evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between lipids and neuromodulation therapies such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Neuromodulation effects are associated with lipid metabolism changes, including phospholipids, sphingolipids, and fatty acids. ECT is associated with an increase in lipid peroxidation and alterations of cholesterol and fatty acid levels, while rTMS is associated with normalization of sphingolipids and phospholipids levels. Solely one study investigated the relation between deep brain stimulation and lipids, showing an association with sphingolipid metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review to consolidate findings on the relationship between lipids and neuromodulation. By mapping this emerging field, these findings might be a first step towards investigating whether lipids could be a potential biomarker for response prediction in the future. As most findings are preliminary, with variability across studies, further investigation is warranted and current findings should be interpreted in the context of their limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-026-03873-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:45:46Z","timestamp":1770507946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of lipids in neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4174-954X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. M.","family":"Karaszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0333-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"van Kesteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0601-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Bergfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Assies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1964-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Dols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"van den Munckhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Schuurman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. J. T.","family":"Mocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3873_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","volume":"9","author":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators.","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9:137\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_206","volume":"49","author":"IO Bergfeld","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bergfeld IO, Dijkstra E, Graat I, de Koning P, van den Boom BJG, Arbab T, et al. Invasive and non-invasive neurostimulation for OCD. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2021;49:399\u2013436.","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.02.023","volume":"267","author":"RH McAllister-Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"McAllister-Williams RH, Arango C, Blier P, Demyttenaere K, Falkai P, Gorwood P, et al. The identification, assessment and management of difficult-to-treat depression: An international consensus statement. J Affect Disord. 2020;267:264\u201382.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3873_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gadot R, Najera R, Hirani S, Anand A, Storch E, Goodman WK, et al. Efficacy of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022;93:1166\u201373.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-328738"},{"key":"3873_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karaszewska D, Bergfeld I, van Eijck R, Graat I, Vulink N, de Koning P, et al. Chapter 19 - Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: Quevedo J, Brunoni AR, Hamani C, editors. Interventional Psychiatry: Academic Press; 2024. p. 479\u201398.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-18496-3.00018-5"},{"key":"3873_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2233","volume":"8","author":"D Piomelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piomelli D, Astarita G, Rapaka R. A neuroscientist\u2019s guide to lipidomics. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007;8:743\u201354.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-018-0158-3","volume":"41","author":"RJT Mocking","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mocking RJT, Assies J, Ruh\u00e9 HG, Schene AH. Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2018;41:597\u2013611.","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"3873_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.09.041","volume":"207","author":"WP Hoen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoen WP, Lijmer JG, Duran M, Wanders RJ, van Beveren NJ, de Haan L. Red blood cell polyunsaturated fatty acids measured in red blood cells and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2013;207:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"3873_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.02.019","volume":"79","author":"RJT Mocking","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mocking RJT, Nap TS, Westerink AM, Assies J, Vaz FM, Koeter MWJ, et al. Biological profiling of prospective antidepressant response in major depressive disorder: Associations with (neuro)inflammation, fatty acid metabolism, and amygdala-reactivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017;79:84\u201392.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3873_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.706786","volume":"15","author":"C Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou C, Cai M, Wang Y, Wu W, Yin Y, Wang X, et al. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive impairment and the brain lipidome in a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:706786.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9875","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b01540","volume":"91","author":"N Reyes-Garc\u00e9s","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reyes-Garc\u00e9s N, Diwan M, Boyac\u0131 E, G\u00f3mez-R\u00edos GA, Bojko B, Nobrega JN, et al. In vivo brain sampling using a microextraction probe reveals metabolic changes in rodents after deep brain stimulation. Anal Chem. 2019;91:9875\u201384.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"3873_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12386","volume":"18","author":"RK McNamara","year":"2016","unstructured":"McNamara RK, Welge JA. Meta-analysis of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid biostatus in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2016;18:300\u20136.","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"3873_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109946","volume":"102","author":"SS Xue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xue SS, Zhou CH, Xue F, Liu L, Cai YH, Luo JF, et al. The impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and fluoxetine on the brain lipidome in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2020;102:109946.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02297-y","volume":"13","author":"B Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo B, Zhang M, Hao W, Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu C. Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13:5.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12054","volume":"123","author":"A van Dijk","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Dijk A, Klompmakers AA, Feenstra MG, Denys D. Deep brain stimulation of the accumbens increases dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex. J Neurochem. 2012;123:897\u2013903.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3873_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105600104","volume":"56","author":"TG Bolwig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bolwig TG. How does electroconvulsive therapy work? Theories on its mechanism. Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56:13\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000144","volume":"30","author":"F Farzan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farzan F, Boutros NN, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ. What does the electroencephalogram tell us about the mechanisms of action of ECT in major depressive disorders?. J ect. 2014;30:98\u2013106.","journal-title":"J ect"},{"key":"3873_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9575","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201809575","volume":"11","author":"M Jakobs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jakobs M, Fomenko A, Lozano AM, Kiening KL. Cellular, molecular, and clinical mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation-a systematic review on established indications and outlook on future developments. EMBO Mol Med. 2019;11:e9575.","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"3873_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2000.01306.x","volume":"12","author":"J Holsheimer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holsheimer J, Demeulemeester H, Nuttin B, de Sutter P. Identification of the target neuronal elements in electrical deep brain stimulation. Eur J Neurosci. 2000;12:4573\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102363","volume":"28","author":"LC Liebrand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liebrand LC, Natarajan SJ, Caan MWA, Schuurman PR, van den Munckhof P, de Kwaasteniet B, et al. Distance to white matter trajectories is associated with treatment response to internal capsule deep brain stimulation in treatment-refractory depression. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2020;28:102363.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"3873_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.12.010","volume":"96","author":"GM Meyer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meyer GM, Hollunder B, Li N, Butenko K, Dembek TA, Hart L, et al. Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Optimal stimulation sites. Biol Psychiatry. 2024;96:101\u201313.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.11.005","volume":"9","author":"JC Baldermann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baldermann JC, Sch\u00fcller T, Huys D, Becker I, Timmermann L, Jessen F, et al. Deep brain stimulation for tourette-syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Stimul. 2016;9:296\u2013304.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"3873_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2017.15.3.210","volume":"15","author":"A Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh A, Kar SK. How electroconvulsive therapy works?: Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2017;15:210\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR24","unstructured":"Salik I, Marwaha R Electroconvulsive Therapy. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright \u00a9 2023, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2023."},{"key":"3873_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14r09528","volume":"76","author":"AU Haq","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haq AU, Sitzmann AF, Goldman ML, Maixner DF, Mickey BJ. Response of depression to electroconvulsive therapy: A meta-analysis of clinical predictors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76:1374\u201384.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11070948","volume":"11","author":"N Acevedo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acevedo N, Bosanac P, Pikoos T, Rossell S, Castle D. Therapeutic neurostimulation in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: A systematic review. Brain Sciences. 2021;11:948.","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"3873_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000533","volume":"32","author":"C Baeken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baeken C, Brem AK, Arns M, Brunoni AR, Filip\u010di\u0107 I, Ganho-\u00c1vila A, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for depressive disorders: current knowledge and future directions. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2019;32:409\u201315.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30295-2","volume":"391","author":"DM Blumberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blumberger DM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Thorpe KE, Feffer K, Noda Y, Giacobbe P, et al. Effectiveness of theta burst versus high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression (THREE-D): A randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2018;391:1683\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3873_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21969","volume":"29","author":"LL Carpenter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carpenter LL, Janicak PG, Aaronson ST, Boyadjis T, Brock DG, Cook IA, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for major depression: a multisite, naturalistic, observational study of acute treatment outcomes in clinical practice. Depress Anxiety. 2012;29:587\u201396.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"3873_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.015","volume":"8","author":"A Landeros-Weisenberger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Landeros-Weisenberger A, Mantovani A, Motlagh MG, de Alvarenga PG, Katsovich L, Leckman JF, et al. Randomized sham controlled double-blind trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adults with severe tourette syndrome. Brain Stimul. 2015;8:574\u201381.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"3873_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18101180","volume":"176","author":"L Carmi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carmi L, Tendler A, Bystritsky A, Hollander E, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis J, et al. Efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A prospective multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2019;176:931\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22363","volume":"32","author":"M Modirrousta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Modirrousta M, Shams E, Katz C, Mansouri B, Moussavi Z, Sareen J, et al. The efficacy of deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the medial prefrontal cortex in obsessive compulsive disorder: results from an open-label study. Depress Anxiety. 2015;32:445\u201350.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"3873_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(84)90005-4","volume":"779","author":"CD Stubbs","year":"1984","unstructured":"Stubbs CD, Smith AD. The modification of mammalian membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984;779:89\u2013137.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"3873_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.023","volume":"28","author":"T Fukaya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fukaya T, Gondaira T, Kashiyae Y, Kotani S, Ishikura Y, Fujikawa S, et al. Arachidonic acid preserves hippocampal neuron membrane fluidity in senescent rats. Neurobiol Aging. 2007;28:1179\u201386.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"3873_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125286","volume":"301","author":"Q Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Q, Chen J, Yu X, Gao JM. A mini review of nervonic acid: Source, production, and biological functions. Food Chem. 2019;301:125286.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"3873_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611411306","volume":"26","author":"MM Perica","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perica MM, Delas I. Essential fatty acids and psychiatric disorders. Nutr Clin Pract. 2011;26:409\u201325.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"3873_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-007-0060-1","volume":"33","author":"JA Hamilton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hamilton JA, Hillard CJ, Spector AA, Watkins PA. Brain uptake and utilization of fatty acids, lipids and lipoproteins: application to neurological disorders. J Mol Neurosci. 2007;33:2\u201311.","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-5748(00)00013-7","volume":"18","author":"KA Youdim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Youdim KA, Martin A, Joseph JA. Essential fatty acids and the brain: possible health implications. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2000;18:383\u201399.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3820","volume":"15","author":"RP Bazinet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bazinet RP, Lay\u00e9 S. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014;15:771\u201385.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2014.01.002","volume":"92","author":"RA Haast","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haast RA, Kiliaan AJ. Impact of fatty acids on brain circulation, structure and function. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2015;92:3\u201314.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"3873_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13712","volume":"1437","author":"ME Bauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bauer ME, Teixeira AL. Inflammation in psychiatric disorders: what comes first?. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2019;1437:57\u201367.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"3873_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.018","volume":"300","author":"GZ R\u00e9us","year":"2015","unstructured":"R\u00e9us GZ, Fries GR, Stertz L, Badawy M, Passos IC, Barichello T, et al. The role of inflammation and microglial activation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Neuroscience. 2015;300:141\u201354.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3873_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2020.102230","volume":"166","author":"MA Crawford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crawford MA, Schmidt WF, Broadhurst CL, Wang Y. Lipids in the origin of intracellular detail and speciation in the Cambrian epoch and the significance of the last double bond of docosahexaenoic acid in cell signaling. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2021;166:102230.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"3873_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1462-7","volume":"57","author":"Y Dong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dong Y, Xu M, Kalueff AV, Song C. Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid normalizes hippocampal omega-3 and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile, attenuates glial activation and regulates BDNF function in a rodent model of neuroinflammation induced by central interleukin-1\u03b2 administration. Eur J Nutr. 2017;57:1781\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"3873_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00122","volume":"11","author":"J Giacobbe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giacobbe J, Benoiton B, Zunszain P, Pariante CM, Borsini A. The anti-inflammatory role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolites in pre-clinical models of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:122.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.12.2515","volume":"138","author":"SI Rapoport","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rapoport SI. Arachidonic acid and the brain. J Nutr. 2008;138:2515\u201320.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"3873_CR47","first-page":"231","volume":"18","author":"CY Chang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chang CY, Ke DS, Chen JY. Essential fatty acids and human brain. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2009;18:231\u201341.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"3873_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(93)90116-8","volume":"5","author":"D Piomelli","year":"1993","unstructured":"Piomelli D. Arachidonic acid in cell signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1993;5:274\u201380.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"3873_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PC. C. Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. In: Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease. Elsevier; 2013. p. 55\u201379.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397154-8.00014-2"},{"key":"3873_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2008.12.015","volume":"21","author":"AHT Kawashima","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kawashima AHT, Kami H, Yano T, Imada K, Mizuguchi K. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on synaptic plasticity, fatty acid profile and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in rat hippocampus and differentiated PC12 cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010;21:268\u201377.","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"3873_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2003.12.011","volume":"70","author":"LAFA Horrocks","year":"2004","unstructured":"Horrocks LAFA. Docosahexaenoic acid in the diet: its importance in maintenance and restoration of neural membrane function. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2004;70:361\u201372.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"3873_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/341739a0","volume":"341","author":"JH Williams","year":"1989","unstructured":"Williams JH, Errington ML, Lynch MA, Bliss TVP. Arachidonic acid induces a long-term activity-dependent enhancement of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Nature. 1989;341:739\u201342.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3873_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00595.x","volume":"6","author":"MA Lynch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lynch MA, Voss KL. Membrane arachidonic acid concentration correlates with age and induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in the rat. Eur J Neurosci. 1994;6:1008\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00523-4","volume":"294","author":"DR Collins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Collins DR, Smith RC, Davies SN. Interactions between arachidonic acid and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the induction of synaptic potentiation in the rat hippocampal slice. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995;294:147\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3873_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.2002.0408","volume":"67","author":"DS Martin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martin DS, Spencer P, Horrobin DF, Lynch MA. Long-term potentiation in aged rats is restored when the age-related decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration is reversed. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2002;67:121\u201330.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"3873_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2012.20.2.152","volume":"20","author":"KFA Tanaka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tanaka KFA, Siddiqi NJ, Alhomida AS, Ong WY. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on neurotransmission. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2012;20:152.","journal-title":"Biomol Ther (Seoul)"},{"key":"3873_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2006.07.005","volume":"75","author":"S Chalon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chalon S. Omega-3 fatty acids and monoamine neurotransmission. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006;75:259\u201369.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"3873_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00392-8","volume":"131","author":"TFY Takeuchi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Takeuchi TFY, Harada E. Influence of a dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency on the cerebral catecholamine contents, EEG and learning ability in rat. Behav Brain Res. 2002;131:193\u2013203.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3873_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00074-X","volume":"23","author":"S Yehuda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Carasso RL, Mostofsky DI. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in restoring the aging neuronal membrane. Neurobiol Aging. 2002;23:843\u201353.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"3873_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","volume":"2014","author":"A Ayala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ayala A, Mu\u00f1oz MF, Arg\u00fcelles S. Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:360438.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"3873_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/828702","volume":"2014","author":"YB Joshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshi YB, Pratic\u00f2 D. Lipid peroxidation in psychiatric illness: overview of clinical evidence. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:828702.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"3873_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00162","volume":"13","author":"LJ Falomir-Lockhart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Cavazzutti GF, Gim\u00e9nez E, Toscani AM. Fatty acid signaling mechanisms in neural cells: Fatty acid receptors. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:162.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00052","volume":"7","author":"SC Dyall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dyall SC. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7:52.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105469","volume":"165","author":"F Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen F, Chen H, Chen Y, Wei W, Sun Y, Zhang L, et al. Dysfunction of the SNARE complex in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Res. 2021;165:105469.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"3873_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1S","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199606002-00001","volume":"16","author":"E Richelson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richelson E. Synaptic effects of antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996;16:1S\u20137S.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"3873_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.12.010","volume":"584","author":"E Posse de Chaves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Posse de Chaves E, Sipione S. Sphingolipids and gangliosides of the nervous system in membrane function and dysfunction. FEBS Lett. 2010;584:1748\u201359.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"3873_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170069","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.170069","volume":"7","author":"ASB Olsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olsen ASB, F\u00e6rgeman NJ. Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases. Open Biol. 2017;7:170069.","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"3873_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06038.x","volume":"109","author":"D Wheeler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wheeler D, Knapp E, Bandaru VV, Wang Y, Knorr D, Poirier C, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neutral sphingomyelinase-2 modulates synaptic plasticity by controlling the membrane insertion of NMDA receptors. J Neurochem. 2009;109:1237\u201349.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3873_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.04.001","volume":"31","author":"RD Fields","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fields RD. White matter in learning, cognition and psychiatric disorders. Trends Neurosci. 2008;31:361\u201370.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1049","volume":"71","author":"P Long","year":"2014","unstructured":"Long P, Corfas G. Dynamic regulation of myelination in health and disease. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:1296\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-014-0131-3","volume":"6","author":"J Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang J, Liu Q. Cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the brain. Protein Cell. 2015;6:254\u201364.","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"3873_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b20-00435","volume":"43","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamaguchi T, Ishimatu T. Effects of cholesterol on membrane stability of human erythrocytes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2020;43:1604\u20138.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"3873_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.060681","volume":"123","author":"A Linetti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Linetti A, Fratangeli A, Taverna E, Valnegri P, Francolini M, Cappello V, et al. Cholesterol reduction impairs exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. J Cell Sci. 2010;123:595\u2013605.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"3873_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20548","volume":"19","author":"L Fester","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fester L, Zhou L, B\u00fctow A, Huber C, von Lossow R, Prange-Kiel J, et al. Cholesterol-promoted synaptogenesis requires the conversion of cholesterol to estradiol in the hippocampus. Hippocampus. 2009;19:692\u2013705.","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"3873_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1971.tb00002.x","volume":"18","author":"NG Baz\u00e1n Jr","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baz\u00e1n NG Jr. Changes in free fatty acids of brain by drug-induced convulsions, electroshock and anaesthesia. J Neurochem. 1971;18:1379\u201385.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3873_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00967970","volume":"11","author":"MF Pediconi","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pediconi MF, Rodriguez de Turco EB, Bazan NG. Reduced labeling of brain phosphatidylinositol, triacylglycerols, and diacylglycerols by [1-14C]arachidonic acid after electroconvulsive shock: Potentiation of the effect by adrenergic drugs and comparison with palmitic acid labeling. Neurochem Res. 1986;11:217\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"3873_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(77)90177-1","volume":"20","author":"F Parl","year":"1977","unstructured":"Parl F, Bjornson LK, Kiu G, Gutstein WH. Effect of electrical brain stimulation on erythrocyte membrane lipids. Life Sci. 1977;20:1983\u201392.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"3873_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00967709","volume":"19","author":"F Visioli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Visioli F, Rodriguez de Turco E, Bazan NG. Daily electroconvulsive shock treatment alters the inositol lipid system response in the rat hippocampus. Neurochem Res. 1994;19:705\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"3873_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.12.007","volume":"32","author":"G Zupan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zupan G, Pilipovi\u0107 K, Hrelja A, Peternel S. Oxidative stress parameters in different rat brain structures after electroconvulsive shock-induced seizures. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32:771\u20137.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(70)90086-X","volume":"218","author":"NG Baz\u00e1n","year":"1970","unstructured":"Baz\u00e1n NG. Effects of ischemia and electroconvulsive shock on free fatty acid pool in the brain. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1970;218:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism"},{"key":"3873_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(70)90205-5","volume":"9","author":"NG Bazan Jr.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bazan NG Jr., Rakowski H. Increased levels of brain free fatty acids after electroconvulsive shock. Life Sci. 1970;9:501\u20137.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"3873_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01677-2","volume":"49","author":"ZD Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng ZD, Robins PL, Regenold W, Rohde P, Dannhauer M, Lisanby SH. How electroconvulsive therapy works in the treatment of depression: Is it the seizure, the electricity, or both?. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2024;49:150\u201362.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3873_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245832","volume":"81","author":"A Nishida","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nishida A, Kaiya H, Tohmatsu T, Wakabayashi S, Nozawa Y. Electroconvulsive treatment: Effects on phospholipase C activity and GTP binding activity in rat brain. J Neural Transm \/ Gen Sect JNT. 1990;81:121\u201330.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm \/ Gen Sect JNT"},{"key":"3873_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00200-4","volume":"73","author":"CL Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves CL, Abelaira HM, Rosa T, de Moura AB, Veron DC, Borba LA, et al. Ketamine treatment protects against oxidative damage and the immunological response induced by electroconvulsive therapy. Pharmacol Rep. 2021;73:525\u201335.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"3873_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5377-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"CA Altar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Altar CA, Laeng P, Jurata LW, Brockman JA, Lemire A, Bullard J, et al. Electroconvulsive seizures regulate gene expression of distinct neurotrophic signaling pathways. J Neurosci. 2004;24:2667\u201377.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12156","volume":"41","author":"M Takefusa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takefusa M, Kubo Y, Ohno M, Segi-Nishida E. Electroconvulsive seizures lead to lipolytic-induced gene expression changes in mediobasal hypothalamus and decreased white adipose tissue mass. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2021;41:56\u201364.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep"},{"key":"3873_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.02.028","volume":"160","author":"M van Verseveld","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Verseveld M, Mocking RJT, Scheepens D, Ten Doesschate F, Westra M, Schoevers RA, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids changes during electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;160:232\u20139.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"3873_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.037","volume":"189","author":"SS Aksay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aksay SS, Bumb JM, Janke C, Biemann R, Borucki K, Lederbogen F, et al. Serum lipid profile changes after successful treatment with electroconvulsive therapy in major depression: A prospective pilot trial. J Affect Disord. 2016;189:85\u20138.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3873_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.08.018","volume":"426","author":"E Kurt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kurt E, Guler O, Serteser M, Cansel N, Ozbulut O, Altinba\u015f K, et al. The effects of electroconvulsive therapy on ghrelin, leptin and cholesterol levels in patients with mood disorders. Neurosci Lett. 2007;426:49\u201353.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"3873_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.07.013","volume":"61","author":"A Ghanizadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghanizadeh A, Issaee M, Sigaroody MO, Kaviani K. The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on blood glucose, creatinine levels, and lipid profile and its association with the type of psychiatric disorders. Neurochem Int. 2012;61:1007\u201310.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"3873_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.02.510","volume":"81","author":"A Stautland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stautland A, Kessler U, Oltedal L, Jan H, Oedegaard KJ. 640. Lipidomics in Patients Receiving ECT. Biological Psychiatry. 2017;81:S259.","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02475-8","volume":"129","author":"HB Maier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maier HB, Pollak C, Moschny N, Toto S, Schlatt C, Eberlein CK, et al. Electroconvulsive therapy and adiposity-related parameters in treatment-resistant depressed patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2022;129:331\u201341.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"3873_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2006.05.012","volume":"56","author":"I T\u00fanez","year":"2006","unstructured":"T\u00fanez I, Montilla P, del Carmen Mu\u00f1oz M, Medina FJ, Drucker-Col\u00edn R. Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on oxidative stress induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in cortical synaptosomes. Neurosci Res. 2006;56:91\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"3873_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0172-9","volume":"35","author":"I Tasset","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tasset I, Drucker-Col\u00edn R, Pe\u00f1a J, Jimena I, Montilla P, Medina FJ, et al. Antioxidant-like effects and protective action of transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression caused by olfactory bulbectomy. Neurochem Res. 2010;35:1182\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"3873_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2018.1434313","volume":"52","author":"FJ Medina-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Medina-Fern\u00e1ndez FJ, Escribano BM, Padilla-Del-Campo C, Drucker-Col\u00edn R, Pascual-Leone \u00c1, T\u00fanez I. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as an antioxidant. Free Radic Res. 2018;52:381\u20139.","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"3873_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406411666151005110321","volume":"12","author":"B Yulug","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yulug B, Hanoglu L, Tavli AM, Y\u0131lmaz NH, K\u0131l\u0131c E. The brain protective effect of rTMS (Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) in depression: A mini-review in animal studies. Med Chem. 2016;12:500\u20135.","journal-title":"Med Chem"},{"key":"3873_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00334","volume":"9","author":"W Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren W, Ma J, Li J, Zhang Z, Wang M. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates lipid metabolism in aging adults. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:334.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12494","volume":"45","author":"A Nakazawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nakazawa A, Matsuda Y, Yamazaki R, Taruishi N, Kito S. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy on weight and lipid metabolism in patients with treatment-resistant depression: A preliminary single-center retrospective cohort study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2025;45:e12494.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep"},{"key":"3873_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114636","volume":"313","author":"H Tateishi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tateishi H, Setoyama D, Kato TA, Kang D, Matsushima J, Nogami K, et al. Changes in the metabolites of cerebrospinal fluid induced by rTMS in treatment-resistant depression: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res. 2022;313:114636.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"3873_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70341","volume":"15","author":"H Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu H, Liang XJ, Qiao YT, Guo L, Li ZY, Zhou CH, et al. Alternations of plasma fatty acids in patients with bipolar depression under acute treatment of rTMS combined with quetiapine and mood stabilizer. Brain Behav. 2025;15:e70341.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"3873_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0246592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246592","volume":"16","author":"H Stirton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stirton H, Meek BP, Edel AL, Solati Z, Surendran A, Aukema H, et al. Oxolipidomics profile in major depressive disorder: Comparing remitters and non-remitters to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0246592.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3873_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13136","volume":"141","author":"CS Thesing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thesing CS, Lok A, Milaneschi Y, Assies J, Bockting CLH, Figueroa CA, et al. Fatty acids and recurrence of major depressive disorder: combined analysis of two Dutch clinical cohorts. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020;141:362\u201373.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"3873_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000491401","volume":"77","author":"L Kranaster","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kranaster L, Hoyer C, Aksay SS, Bumb JM, M\u00fcller N, Zill P, et al. Biomarkers for antidepressant efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy: An exploratory cerebrospinal fluid study. Neuropsychobiology. 2019;77:13\u201322.","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"3873_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14621","volume":"53","author":"E Boda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boda E. Myelin and oligodendrocyte lineage cell dysfunctions: New players in the etiology and treatment of depression and stress-related disorders. Eur J Neurosci. 2021;53:281\u201397.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3873_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0272-0","volume":"14","author":"SM Gray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gray SM, Bloch MH. Systematic review of proinflammatory cytokines in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14:220\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"3873_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20241232","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20241232","volume":"222","author":"V Tiwari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tiwari V, Simons M. Lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation: What is the link?. J Exp Med. 2025;222:e20241232.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"3873_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.10.003","volume":"93","author":"GS Pell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pell GS, Roth Y, Zangen A. Modulation of cortical excitability induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Influence of timing and geometrical parameters and underlying mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;93:59\u201398.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"3873_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35314-1","volume":"13","author":"E Lowet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lowet E, Kondabolu K, Zhou S, Mount RA, Wang Y, Ravasio CR, et al. Deep brain stimulation creates informational lesion through membrane depolarization in mouse hippocampus. Nat Commun. 2022;13:7709.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3873_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biophys.37.032807.125859","volume":"37","author":"BC Suh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suh BC, Hille B. PIP2 is a necessary cofactor for ion channel function: how and why?. Annu Rev Biophys. 2008;37:175\u201395.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biophys"},{"key":"3873_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9773-x","volume":"54","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Y, Bang S, McMullen MF, Kazi H, Talbot K, Ho MX, et al. Neuronal activity-induced sterol regulatory element binding Protein-1 (SREBP1) is disrupted in dysbindin-null mice-potential link to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54:1699\u2013709.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"3873_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a004754","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004754","volume":"3","author":"J Ye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ye J, DeBose-Boyd RA. Regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011;3:a004754.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"3873_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14592","volume":"148","author":"O de Faria Jr.","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Faria O Jr., Gonsalvez DG, Nicholson M, Xiao J. Activity-dependent central nervous system myelination throughout life. J Neurochem. 2019;148:447\u201361.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3873_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.5603\/pjnns.100297","volume":"59","author":"J W\u0119grzynek-Gallina","year":"2025","unstructured":"W\u0119grzynek-Gallina J, Chmiela T, Kasprzyk A, Boro\u0144czyk M, Siuda J. Metabolic effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2025;59:338\u201353.","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"3873_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117180","volume":"221","author":"A Horn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horn A, Fox MD. Opportunities of connectomic neuromodulation. Neuroimage. 2020;221:117180.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"3873_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.11.007","volume":"74","author":"M Pompili","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pompili M, Longo L, Dominici G, Serafini G, Lamis DA, Sarris J, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and suicide risk in mood disorders: A systematic review. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2017;74:43\u201356.","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3873_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215257","volume":"20","author":"P Bozzatello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Mantelli E, Bellino S. Polyunsaturated fatty acids: What is their role in treatment of psychiatric disorders?. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:5257.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3873_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.01.009","volume":"31","author":"EM Brown","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brown EM, Clardy J, Xavier RJ. Gut microbiome lipid metabolism and its impact on host physiology. Cell Host Microbe. 2023;31:173\u201386.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-026-03873-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-026-03873-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-026-03873-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T08:03:01Z","timestamp":1771574581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-026-03873-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-026-03873-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"PRS as consultant for Boston Scientific and Medtronic on educational events. PRS, DD, IOB, and RJTM are involved in a clinical trial on DBS for depression funded in kind by Boston Scientific. All other authors do not declare other conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"85"}}