{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:56:35Z","timestamp":1781243795475,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL161012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL161012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG80598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG80598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-026-04058-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:41:05Z","timestamp":1777372865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum metabolites associated with depression and anxiety in the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9760-5932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinye","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4760-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Purushotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qibin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4818-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6578-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Bressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2906-0261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krista M.","family":"Perreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Humberto","family":"Parada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6791-8727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha L.","family":"Daviglus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra Cid","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2700-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen R.","family":"Isasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda C.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8520-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar","family":"Sofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4058_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.08.017","volume":"178","author":"X Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu X, Danesh Yazdi M, Wang C, Kosheleva A, Wu H, Vokonas PS, et al. Extracellular microRNAs associated with psychiatric symptoms in the normative aging study. J Psychiatr Res. 2024;178:270\u20137.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"4058_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02751-z","volume":"14","author":"AM Afonin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Afonin AM, Piironen AK, de Sousa Maciel I, Ivanova M, Alatalo A, Whipp AM, et al. Proteomic insights into mental health status: plasma markers in young adults. Transl Psychiatry. 2024;14:55.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"4058_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21078","volume":"22","author":"A Abi-Dargham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abi-Dargham A, Moeller SJ, Ali F, DeLorenzo C, Domschke K, Horga G, et al. Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field. World Psychiatry. 2023;22:236\u201362.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"4058_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.015","volume":"177","author":"PF Sullivan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sullivan PF, Geschwind DH. Defining the genetic, genomic, cellular, and diagnostic architectures of psychiatric disorders. Cell. 2019;177:162\u201383.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4058_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02512-x","volume":"24","author":"MN Modesti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Modesti MN, Arena JF, Del Casale A, Gentile G, Borro M, Parmigiani G, et al. Lipidomics and genomics in mental health: insights into major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lipids Health Dis. 2025;24:89.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"4058_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.09.003","volume":"24","author":"S Wassertheil-Smoller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wassertheil-Smoller S, Arredondo EM, Cai J, Castaneda SF, Choca JP, Gallo LC, et al. Depression, anxiety, antidepressant use, and cardiovascular disease among Hispanic men and women of different national backgrounds: results from the hispanic community health study\/Study of Latinos. Ann Epidemiol. 2014;24:822\u201330.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"4058_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9060117","volume":"9","author":"SH Chu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chu SH, Huang M, Kelly RS, Benedetti E, Siddiqui JK, Zeleznik OA, et al. Integration of metabolomic and other omics data in population-based study designs: an epidemiological perspective. Metabolites. 2019;9:117.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"4058_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.08.016","volume":"87","author":"M Bot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bot M, Milaneschi Y, Al-Shehri T, Amin N, Garmaeva S, Onderwater GLJ, et al. Metabolomics profile in depression: a pooled analysis of 230 metabolic markers in 5283 cases with depression and 10,145 controls. Biol Psychiatry. 2020;87:409\u201318.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4058_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02484-5","volume":"13","author":"H de Kluiver","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Kluiver H, Jansen R, Penninx BWJH, Giltay EJ, Schoevers RA, Milaneschi Y. Metabolomics signatures of depression: the role of symptom profiles. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13:198.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"4058_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134784","volume":"21","author":"E Humer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Humer E, Pieh C, Probst T. Metabolomic biomarkers in anxiety disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:4784.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4058_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10020072","volume":"10","author":"E Humer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Humer E, Probst T, Pieh C. Metabolomics in psychiatric disorders: what we learn from animal models. Metabolites. 2020;10:72.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"4058_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13070851","volume":"13","author":"N Prince","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prince N, Stav M, Cote M, Chu SH, Vyas CM, Okereke OI, et al. Metabolomics and self-reported depression, anxiety, and phobic symptoms in the VA normative aging study. Metabolites. 2023;13:851.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"4058_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e244525","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4525","volume":"7","author":"C Chourpiliadis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chourpiliadis C, Zeng Y, Lovik A, Wei D, Valdimarsd\u00f3ttir U, Song H, et al. Metabolic profile and long-term risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e244525.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"4058_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaz070","volume":"54","author":"ST Nguyen-Rodriguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen-Rodriguez ST, Gallo LC, Isasi CR, Buxton OM, Thomas KS, Sotres-Alvarez D, et al. Adiposity, depression symptoms and inflammation in hispanic\/latino youth: results from HCHS\/SOL youth. Ann Behav Med. 2020;54:529\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"4058_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2022.10.002","volume":"137","author":"G Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng G, Pakstis AJ, Gandotra N, Cowan TM, Zhao H, Kidd KK, et al. Metabolic diversity in human populations and correlation with genetic and ancestral geographic distances. Mol Genet Metab. 2022;137:292\u2013300.","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"4058_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102971","volume":"79","author":"R Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie R, Herder C, Sha S, Peng L, Brenner H, Sch\u00f6ttker B. Novel type 2 diabetes prediction score based on traditional risk factors and circulating metabolites: model derivation and validation in two large cohort studies. EClinicalMedicine. 2025;79:102971.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"4058_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109965","volume":"27","author":"M Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu M, Tian H, Wang M, Guo C, Xu R, Li F, et al. Construction and validation of serum metabolic risk score for early warning of malignancy in esophagus. iScience. 2024;27:109965.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"4058_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zpae064","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpae064","volume":"5","author":"N Sorajja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sorajja N, Chung J, Alc\u00e1ntara C, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Penedo FJ, Ramos AR, et al. A sociodemographic index identifies sex-related effects on insomnia in the hispanic community health study\/Study of Latinos. Sleep Adv. 2024;5:zpae064.","journal-title":"Sleep Adv"},{"key":"4058_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.05.006","volume":"20","author":"LM Lavange","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lavange LM, Kalsbeek WD, Sorlie PD, Avil\u00e9s-Santa LM, Kaplan RC, Barnhart J, et al. Sample design and cohort selection in the hispanic community health study\/Study of Latinos. Ann Epidemiol. 2010;20:642\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"4058_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.03.015","volume":"20","author":"PD Sorlie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sorlie PD, Avil\u00e9s-Santa LM, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Kaplan RC, Daviglus ML, Giachello AL, et al. Design and implementation of the hispanic community health study\/Study of Latinos. Ann Epidemiol. 2010;20:629\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"4058_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6","volume":"10","author":"EM Andresen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL. Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (center for epidemiologic studies depression scale). Am J Prev Med. 1994;10:77\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"4058_CR22","unstructured":"Spielberger CD State-trait anxiety inventory: Bibliography, 2nd edn. 1989; Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press."},{"key":"4058_CR23","unstructured":"Spielberger CD, Gorsuch R, Lushene RE, Vagg PR, Jacobs, GA. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press. 1983; Palo Alto, CA."},{"key":"4058_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46019-y","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Yu B, Qi Q, Azarbarzin A, Chen H, Shah NA, et al. Metabolomic profiles of sleep-disordered breathing are associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus development. Nat Commun. 2024;15:1845.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4058_CR25","first-page":"180","volume":"25","author":"CJ Rodriguez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodriguez CJ, Dharod A, Allison MA, Shah SJ, Hurwitz B, Bangdiwala SI, et al. Rationale and design of the echocardiographic study of hispanics\/latinos (ECHO-SOL). Ethn Dis. 2015;25:180\u20136.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"4058_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6656","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901536h","volume":"81","author":"AM Evans","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evans AM, DeHaven CD, Barrett T, Mitchell M, Milgram E. Integrated, nontargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry platform for the identification and relative quantification of the small-molecule complement of biological systems. Anal Chem. 2009;81:6656\u201367.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"4058_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10070286","volume":"10","author":"W Perng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perng W, Aslibekyan S. Find the needle in the haystack, then find it again: replication and validation in the \u2018Omics Era. Metabolites. 2020;10:286.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"4058_CR28","unstructured":"Committee on the Review of Omics-Based Tests for Predicting Patient Outcomes in Clinical Trials; Board on Health Care Services; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. 2012 Mar 23, Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US)."},{"key":"4058_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","volume":"23","author":"G Davey Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davey Smith G, Hemani G. Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:R89\u2013R98.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"4058_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29143-5","volume":"13","author":"X Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin X, Chan LS, Bose D, Jackson AU, VandeHaar P, Locke AE, et al. Genome-wide association studies of metabolites in Finnish men identify disease-relevant loci. Nat Commun. 2022;13:1644.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4058_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lumley T Complex surveys: a guide to analysis using R. 2011: John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470580066"},{"key":"4058_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol. 1995;57:289\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"4058_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.144501","volume":"105","author":"MC Playdon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Playdon MC, Moore SC, Derkach A, Reedy J, Subar AF, Sampson JN, et al. Identifying biomarkers of dietary patterns by using metabolomics. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105:450\u201365.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"4058_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy027","volume":"148","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Gapstur SM, Carter BD, Hartman TJ, Stevens VL, Gaudet MM, et al. Untargeted metabolomics identifies novel potential biomarkers of habitual food intake in a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2018;148:932\u201343.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"4058_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2017.10.002","volume":"68","author":"L Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu L, Sinclair AJ, Faiza M, Li D, Han X, Yin H, et al. Furan fatty acids - beneficial or harmful to health?. Prog Lipid Res. 2017;68:119\u201337.","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"4058_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072421","volume":"13","author":"I Djuricic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial outcomes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health: an update for 2021. Nutrients. 2021;13:2421.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4058_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2006.07.010","volume":"31","author":"M Mazza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mazza M, Pomponi M, Janiri L, Bria P, Mazza S. Omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants in neurological and psychiatric diseases: an overview. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007;31:12\u201326.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4058_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.12.022","volume":"109","author":"ND Riediger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riediger ND, Othman RA, Suh M, Moghadasian MH. A systemic review of the roles of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:668\u201379.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"4058_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02613-6","volume":"29","author":"R Jansen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jansen R, Milaneschi Y, Schranner D, Kastenmuller G, Arnold M, Han X, et al. The metabolome-wide signature of major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2024;29:3722\u201333.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4058_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2024.116572","volume":"254","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xu D, Liu X, Cheng M, Huang J, Liu D, et al. Discovery of potential female-specific biomarkers for major depressive disorder by LC-MS-based metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025;254:116572.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"4058_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.0685","volume":"80","author":"N Amin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amin N, Liu J, Bonnechere B, MahmoudianDehkordi S, Arnold M, Batra R, et al. Interplay of metabolome and gut microbiome in individuals with major depressive disorder vs control individuals. JAMA Psychiatry. 2023;80:597\u2013609.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"4058_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-024-02116-z","volume":"20","author":"N Palacios","year":"2024","unstructured":"Palacios N, Bhupathiraju SN, Kelly RS, Lee JS, Ordovas JM, Tucker KL. Acylcarnitines are associated with lower depressive symptomatology in a mainland puerto rican cohort. Metabolomics. 2024;20:85.","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"4058_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00112-4","volume":"41","author":"C Hoppel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoppel C. The role of carnitine in normal and altered fatty acid metabolism. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41:S4\u2013S12.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"4058_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6029","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.6029","volume":"38","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Ren R, Ding S, Sa Y, Zhang W, Wang W, et al. Serum metabolic profile evidence for relationship between schizophrenia and depression: an untargeted metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr. 2024;38:e6029.","journal-title":"Biomed Chromatogr"},{"key":"4058_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S508610","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu P, Liu Z. The causal association analysis between depression and cerebrospinal fluid: from the perspective of mendelian randomization. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2025;18:1085\u201397.","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"4058_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030676","volume":"12","author":"P Rasmus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rasmus P, Koz\u0142owska E. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids in mood disorders: an overview. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12:676.","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"4058_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2025.03.001","volume":"125","author":"I Le\u00f3n-C\u00e9peda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n-C\u00e9peda I, Albrecht SS. Dietary intake of beta cryptoxanthin, but not other carotenoids, is associated with less frequent anxiety symptoms in us adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the national health and nutrition examination surveys 2007 through 2012. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2025;125:1177\u201387.","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"4058_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12786","volume":"19","author":"E Granot-Hershkovitz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Granot-Hershkovitz E, He S, Bressler J, Yu B, Tarraf W, Rebholz CM, et al. Plasma metabolites associated with cognitive function across race\/ethnicities affirming the importance of healthy nutrition. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19:1331\u201342.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"4058_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6942","volume":"95","author":"BJ Burri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burri BJ. Beta-cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A. J Sci Food Agric. 2015;95:1786\u201394.","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"4058_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s40495-019-00168-7","volume":"5","author":"Y Jiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiao Y, Reuss L, Wang Y. \u03b2-Cryptoxanthin: chemistry, occurrence, and potential health benefits. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2019;5:20\u201334.","journal-title":"Curr Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"4058_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111610","volume":"9","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Green R, Kim M, Lord J, Ebshiana A, Westwood S, et al. Sex-specific metabolic pathways were associated with alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) endophenotypes in the European medical information framework for AD multimodal biomarker discovery cohort. Biomedicines. 2021;9:1610.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"4058_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24243","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R300008200","volume":"278","author":"KL Moore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moore KL. The biology and enzymology of protein tyrosine O-sulfation. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:24243\u20136.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4058_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00594","volume":"180","author":"S Attipoe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Attipoe S, Zeno SA, Lee C, Crawford C, Khorsan R, Walter AR, et al. Tyrosine for mitigating stress and enhancing performance in healthy adult humans, a rapid evidence assessment of the literature. Mil Med. 2015;180:754\u201365.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"4058_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90019-X","volume":"17","author":"AJ Gelenberg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gelenberg AJ, Wojcik JD, Gibson CJ, Wurtman RJ. Tyrosine for depression. J Psychiatr Res. 1982;17:175\u201380.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"4058_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12638","volume":"72","author":"N Kawamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kawamura N, Shinoda K, Sato H, Sasaki K, Suzuki M, Yamaki K, et al. Plasma metabolome analysis of patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018;72:349\u201361.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4058_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2015.03.008","volume":"133","author":"A Hase","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hase A, Jung SE, aan het Rot M. Behavioral and cognitive effects of tyrosine intake in healthy human adults. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2015;133:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"4058_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27493","volume":"90","author":"I Bjelland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bjelland I, Tell GS, Vollset SE, Konstantinova S, Ueland PM. Choline in anxiety and depression: the hordaland health study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90:1056\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"4058_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080815","volume":"9","author":"JK Blusztajn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blusztajn JK, Slack BE, Mellott TJ. Neuroprotective actions of dietary choline. Nutrients. 2017;9:815.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4058_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.013","volume":"301","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Kang X, Zhang L, Luo J, Zhang D. Dietary choline is inversely associated with depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2018. J Affect Disord. 2022;301:23\u201329.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"4058_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28383-8_21","volume":"12","author":"RA Bekdash","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bekdash RA. Choline and the brain: an epigenetic perspective. Adv Neurobiol. 2016;12:381\u201399.","journal-title":"Adv Neurobiol"},{"key":"4058_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv010","volume":"73","author":"ET Leermakers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leermakers ET, Moreira EM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Darweesh SK, Visser T, Voortman T, et al. Effects of choline on health across the life course: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2015;73:500\u201322.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"4058_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-010-9088-4","volume":"34","author":"PM Ueland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ueland PM. Choline and betaine in health and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011;34:3\u201315.","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"4058_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7442","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1835","volume":"74","author":"S Bae","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bae S, Ulrich CM, Neuhouser ML, Malysheva O, Bailey LB, Xiao L, et al. Plasma choline metabolites and colorectal cancer risk in the women\u2019s health initiative observational study. Cancer Res. 2014;74:7442\u201352.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-026-04058-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-026-04058-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-026-04058-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:56:26Z","timestamp":1781240186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-026-04058-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-026-04058-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The contents of this study have been approved by the institutional review board (IRB) at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center under the protocol (No. 2025D000897). The HCHS\/SOL study was approved by IRBs at each field center, where all participants provided written informed consent, and by the non-biomedical IRB at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, to the HCHS\/SOL Data Coordinating Center. All methods and analyses of HCHS\/SOL participants\u2019 materials and data were carried out in accordance with human subject research guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethnics approval"}}],"article-number":"309"}}