{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T12:13:30Z","timestamp":1793880810859,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Pharmacol Sin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-025-01489-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T10:05:36Z","timestamp":1739354736000},"page":"1772-1781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of orthotopic mouse models for mid-low rectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-wu","family":"Bei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-zhi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-pei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-ping","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-yao","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-li","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-yong","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1489_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1489_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00432-7","volume":"9","author":"MCW Spaander","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spaander MCW, Zauber AG, Syngal S, Blaser MJ, Sung JJ, You YN, et al. Young-onset colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9:21.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"1489_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.08.037","volume":"15","author":"CC Murphy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murphy CC, Sandler RS, Sanoff HK, Yang YC, Lund JL, Baron JA. Decrease in incidence of colorectal cancer among individuals 50 years or older after recommendations for population-based screening. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15:903\u20139.e6.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1489_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-04072-1","volume":"23","author":"LJ Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng LJ, Chen JH, Chen SY, Wei ZW, Yu L, Han SP, et al. Distinct prognosis of high versus mid\/low rectal cancer: A propensity score-matched cohort study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;23:1474\u201384.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"1489_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7659","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i25.7659","volume":"21","author":"WB Gaertner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gaertner WB, Kwaan MR, Madoff RD, Melton GB. Rectal cancer: An evidence-based update for primary care providers. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21:7659\u201371.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1489_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020499","volume":"12","author":"CH Gordillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gordillo CH, Sandoval P, Mu\u00f1oz-Hern\u00e1ndez P, Pascual-Ant\u00f3n L, L\u00f3pez-Cabrera M, Jim\u00e9nez-Heffernan JA. Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to the generation of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in locally advanced primary colorectal carcinomas. Cancers. 2020;12:499.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1489_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.109159","volume":"35","author":"W Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen W, Shi K, Yu Y, Yang PP, Bei ZW, Mo D, et al. Drug delivery systems for colorectal cancer chemotherapy. Chin Chem Lett. 2024;35:109159.","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"1489_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2014.03.005","volume":"95","author":"C Hoeffel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoeffel C, Mul\u00e9 S, Laurent V, Bouch\u00e9 O, Volet J, Soyer P. Primary rectal cancer local staging. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2014;95:485\u201394.","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"1489_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i15.4244","volume":"20","author":"SH Heo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heo SH, Kim JW, Shin SS, Jeong YY, Kang HK. Multimodal imaging evaluation in staging of rectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:4244\u201355.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1489_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-009-0025-3","volume":"11","author":"P Das","year":"2009","unstructured":"Das P, Crane CH. Staging, prognostic factors, and therapy of localized rectal cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2009;11:167\u201374.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"1489_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.15438","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y, Wang J, Ma XW, Tan L, Yan YL, Xue CF, et al. A review of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2016;12:1022\u201331.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"1489_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0051","volume":"20","author":"AB Benson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, Azad N, Chen YJ, Ciombor KK, et al. Rectal cancer, version 2.2022, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20:1139\u201367.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"1489_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac190","volume":"109","author":"Y Kiyozumi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kiyozumi Y, Akiyoshi T, Mukai T, Hiyoshi Y, Nagasaki T, Yamaguchi T, et al. Lateral local recurrence after total mesorectal excision for mid\/low rectal cancer: Study of clinical characteristics and impact of salvage surgery on survival. Br J Surg. 2022;109:904\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1489_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30919","volume":"123","author":"NA Nixon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nixon NA, Khan OF, Imam H, Tang PA, Monzon J, Li H, et al. Drug development for breast, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancers from 1979 to 2014. Cancer. 2017;123:4672\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1489_CR15","unstructured":"Biotechnology Innovation Organization (US). Clinical development success rates 2006-2015. Washington: The Organization; 2016."},{"key":"1489_CR16","first-page":"17","volume":"1","author":"E Lorenz","year":"1940","unstructured":"Lorenz E, Stewart HL. Intestinal carcinoma and other lesions in mice following oral administration of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene and 20-methylcholanthrene1. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1940;1:17\u201340.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1489_CR17","first-page":"145","volume":"22","author":"PR Nambiar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nambiar PR, Girnun G, Lillo NA, Guda K, Whiteley HE, Rosenberg DW. Preliminary analysis of azoxymethane induced colon tumors in inbred mice commonly used as transgenic\/knockout progenitors. Int J Oncol. 2003;22:145\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"1489_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11236-2","volume":"12","author":"M Tojo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tojo M, Miyato H, Koinuma K, Horie H, Tsukui H, Kimura Y, et al. Metformin combined with local irradiation provokes abscopal effects in a murine rectal cancer model. Sci Rep. 2022;12:7290.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1489_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.05.015","volume":"29","author":"Y Kakiuchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kakiuchi Y, Kuroda S, Kanaya N, Kumon K, Tsumura T, Hashimoto M, et al. Local oncolytic adenovirotherapy produces an abscopal effect via tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Mol Ther. 2021;29:2920\u201330.","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"1489_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.08.091","volume":"35","author":"C Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang C, Zhao M, Liu YR, Luan X, Guan YY, Lu Q, et al. Suppression of colorectal cancer subcutaneous xenograft and experimental lung metastasis using nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to tumor neovasculature. Biomaterials. 2014;35:1215\u201326.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"1489_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11854","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i41.11854","volume":"21","author":"VK Mittal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mittal VK, Bhullar JS, Jayant K. Animal models of human colorectal cancer: Current status, uses and limitations. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21:11854\u201361.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1489_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1475517","volume":"25","author":"M Okumura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okumura M, Ichihara H, Matsumoto Y. Hybrid liposomes showing enhanced accumulation in tumors as theranostic agents in the orthotopic graft model mouse of colorectal cancer. Drug Deliv. 2018;25:1192\u20139.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"1489_CR23","first-page":"387","volume":"7","author":"P Alamo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alamo P, Gallardo A, Pav\u00f3n MA, Casanova I, Trias M, Mangues MA, et al. Subcutaneous preconditioning increases invasion and metastatic dissemination in mouse colorectal cancer models. Dis Model Mech. 2014;7:387\u201396.","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"1489_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1515\/pp-2016-0006","volume":"1","author":"F Gremonprez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gremonprez F, Willaert W, Ceelen W. Animal models of colorectal peritoneal metastasis. Pleura Peritoneum. 2016;1:23\u201343.","journal-title":"Pleura Peritoneum"},{"key":"1489_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.04.053","volume":"92","author":"C Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu C, Li YQ, Liang X, Qi YX, Chen YY, Meng XK, et al. A study of peritoneal metastatic xenograft model of colorectal cancer in the treatment of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with raltitrexed. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;92:149\u201356.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1489_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908682107","volume":"107","author":"KE Hung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hung KE, Maricevich MA, Richard LG, Chen WY, Richardson MP, Kunin A, et al. Development of a mouse model for sporadic and metastatic colon tumors and its use in assessing drug treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107:1565\u201370.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1489_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0650-9","volume":"24","author":"M Donigan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Donigan M, Loh BD, Norcross LS, Li S, Williamson PR, DeJesus S, et al. A metastatic colon cancer model using nonoperative transanal rectal injection. Surg Endosc. 2010;24:642\u20137.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"1489_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.568012","volume":"10","author":"YC Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen YC, Miao ZF, Yip KL, Cheng YA, Liu CJ, Li LH, et al. Gut fecal microbiota transplant in a mouse model of orthotopic rectal cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:568012.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1489_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116685","volume":"175","author":"LB Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun LB, Xing JP, Zhou XP, Song XY, Gao SH. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and crosslink signalling in colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;175:116685.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1489_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabl9330","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl9330","volume":"7","author":"RC Hsieh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsieh RC, Krishnan S, Wu RC, Boda AR, Liu A, Winkler M, et al. ATR-mediated CD47 and PD-L1 up-regulation restricts radiotherapy-induced immune priming and abscopal responses in colorectal cancer. Sci Immunol. 2022;7:eabl9330.","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"1489_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0524","volume":"78","author":"J Tommelein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tommelein J, De Vlieghere E, Verset L, Melsens E, Leenders J, Descamps B, et al. Radiotherapy-activated cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumor progression through paracrine IGF1R activation. Cancer Res. 2018;78:659\u201370.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1489_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB00210E","volume":"12","author":"J Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang J, Wei YF, Gao L, Li ZJ, Yang X. Thermosensitive methyl-cellulose-based injectable hydrogel carrying oxaliplatin for the treatment of peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer. J Mater Chem B. 2024;12:5171\u201380.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"1489_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.7056","volume":"20","author":"D Lang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lang D, Ciombor KK. Diagnosis and management of rectal cancer in patients younger than 50 years: Rising global incidence and unique challenges. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20:1169\u201375.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"1489_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21138","volume":"62","author":"L Kosinski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kosinski L, Habr-Gama A, Ludwig K, Perez R. Shifting concepts in rectal cancer management: a review of contemporary primary rectal cancer treatment strategies. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:173\u2013202.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1489_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(11)60590-2","volume":"43","author":"G Lanza","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lanza G, Messerini L, Gaf\u00e0 R, Risio M. Colorectal tumors: The histology report. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43:S344\u201355.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"1489_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12224","volume":"41","author":"JJ Qu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qu JJ, Kalyani FS, Liu L, Cheng TL, Chen LJ. Tumor organoids: Synergistic applications, current challenges, and future prospects in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun. 2021;41:1331\u201353.","journal-title":"Cancer Commun"},{"key":"1489_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-017-0470-7","volume":"10","author":"YX Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai YX, Wei XR, Lin SH, Qin L, Cheng L, Li P. Current status and perspectives of patient-derived xenograft models in cancer research. J Hematol Oncol. 2017;10:106.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"}],"container-title":["Acta Pharmacologica Sinica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41401-025-01489-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41401-025-01489-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41401-025-01489-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:32:13Z","timestamp":1747909933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41401-025-01489-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-025-01489-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1671-4083","1745-7254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1671-4083","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-7254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}