{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:11:01Z","timestamp":1793657461167,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Blood Cancer Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) should be considered in any patient that presents to a cancer care provider with nephrotic range proteinuria, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, non-diabetic peripheral neuropathy, unexplained hepatomegaly or diarrhea. More importantly, patients being monitored for smoldering multiple myeloma and a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) are at risk for developing AL amyloidosis. MGUS and myeloma patients that have atypical features, including unexplained weight loss; lower extremity edema, early satiety, and dyspnea on exertion should be considered at risk for light chain amyloidosis. Overlooking the diagnosis of light chain amyloidosis leading to therapy delay is common, and it represents an error of diagnostic consideration. Algorithms will be provided on how to evaluate patients with suspected AL amyloid as well as how to manage patients referred from other medical specialties with biopsy-proven amyloid. An organized stepwise approach to the treatment of patients with light chain amyloidosis, including established and investigational therapies, will be reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0080-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T09:51:12Z","timestamp":1527069072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis diagnosis and treatment algorithm 2018"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Morie A.","family":"Gertz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"80_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.7.1817.1817","volume":"79","author":"RA Kyle","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kyle, R. A. et al. Incidence and natural history of primary systemic amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950 through 1989. Blood 79, 1817\u20131822 (1992).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016002493","volume":"1","author":"LJ Costa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Costa, L. J. et al. Recent trends in multiple myeloma incidence and survival by age, race, and ethnicity in the United States. Blood Adv. 1, 282\u2013287 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"80_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12286","volume":"161","author":"JH Pinney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pinney, J. H. et al. Systemic amyloidosis in England: an epidemiological study. Br. J. Haematol. 161, 525\u2013532 (2013).","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"80_CR4","first-page":"5335","volume":"130","author":"TP Quock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quock, T. P.., Yan, J. T.., Chang, E.., Guthrie, S. D.., & Broder, M. S.. Epidemiology of AL amyloidosis in a US commercially insured population. Blood 130(Suppl 1), 5335 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890701842988","volume":"40","author":"M Tanskanen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanskanen, M. et al. Senile systemic amyloidosis affects 25% of the very aged and associates with genetic variation in alpha2-macroglobulin and tau: a population-based autopsy study. Ann. Med. 40, 232\u2013239 (2008).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"80_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.04.006","volume":"5","author":"EB Schelbert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schelbert, E. B. & Miller, C. A. Cardiac amyloidosis as a potential confounder in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction trials. JACC Heart Fail. 5, 617 (2017).","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"80_CR7","first-page":"1307","volume":"20","author":"ML Mauermann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mauermann, M. L. Paraproteinemic neuropathies. Contin. (Minneap. Minn.). 20, 1307\u20131322 (2014).","journal-title":"Contin. (Minneap. Minn.)."},{"key":"80_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005645","volume":"95","author":"L Ye","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ye, L., Shi, H., Wu, H. M. & Wang, F. Y. Primarily isolated hepatic involvement of amyloidosis: A case report and overview. Med. (Baltim.). 95, e5645 (2016).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim.)."},{"key":"80_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s12574-015-0249-1","volume":"13","author":"F Cacciapuoti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cacciapuoti, F. The role of echocardiography in the non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. J. Echocardiogr. 13, 84\u201389 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Echocardiogr."},{"issue":"10 Pt A","key":"80_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.08.005","volume":"10","author":"AR Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel, A. R. & Kramer, C. M. Role of cardiac magnetic resonance in the diagnosis and prognosis of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 10(10 Pt A), 1180\u20131193 (2017).","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"80_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328364c020","volume":"26","author":"F Graus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Graus, F. & Dalmau, J. Paraneoplastic neuropathies. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 26, 489\u2013495 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"80_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, E., Marks, D., Raza, S. Diagnosis and management of neuropathies associated with plasma cell dyscrasias. Hematol. Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hon.2417 (2017).","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2417"},{"key":"80_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCausland, K. L. et al. Light chain (AL) amyloidosis: the journey to diagnosis. Patient. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40271-017-0273-5 (2017).","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-017-0273-5"},{"key":"80_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-751628","volume":"129","author":"E Muchtar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muchtar, E. et al. Improved outcomes for newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis between 2000 and 2014: cracking the glass ceiling of early death. Blood 129, 2111\u20132119 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-015-0250-0","volume":"32","author":"I Lousada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lousada, I., Comenzo, R. L., Landau, H., Guthrie, S. & Merlini, G. Light chain amyloidosis: patient experience survey from the amyloidosis research consortium. Adv. Ther. 32, 920\u2013928 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"80_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-1024","volume":"55","author":"G Palladini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palladini, G. et al. Circulating free light chain measurement in the diagnosis, prognostic assessment and evaluation of response of AL amyloidosis: comparison of Freelite and N latex FLC assays. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 55, 1734\u20131743 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"80_CR17","first-page":"1045","volume":"66","author":"A Ikram","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ikram, A. Bone scintigraphy for early detection of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 66, 1045 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"80_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000447304","volume":"84","author":"T Menter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menter, T., Bachmann, M., Grieshaber, S. & Tzankov, A. A more accurate approach to amyloid detection and subtyping: combining in situ congo red staining and immunohistochemistry. Pathobiology 84, 49\u201355 (2017).","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"80_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2011.574354017","volume":"18","author":"MM Picken","year":"2011","unstructured":"Picken, M. M. & Westermark, P. Amyloid detection and typing: summary of current practice and recommendations of the consensus group. Amyloid 18(Suppl 1), 48\u201350 (2011).","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"80_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2008.05.004","volume":"18","author":"AB Collins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Collins, A. B., Smith, R. N. & Stone, J. R. Classification of amyloid deposits in diagnostic cardiac specimens by immunofluorescence. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 18, 205\u2013216 (2009).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol."},{"key":"80_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1996.tb01416.x","volume":"29","author":"C Rocken","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rocken, C., Schwotzer, E. B., Linke, R. P. & Saeger, W. The classification of amyloid deposits in clinicopathological practice. Histopathology 29, 325\u2013335 (1996).","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"80_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Winter, M., Tholey, A., Kristen, A., Rocken, C. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging: a novel tool for the identification and classification of amyloidosis. Proteomics 17, (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmic.201700236.","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201700236"},{"key":"80_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-07-365510","volume":"119","author":"F Brambilla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brambilla, F. et al. Reliable typing of systemic amyloidoses through proteomic analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Blood 119, 1844\u20131847 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2012.09.001","volume":"22","author":"JJ Maleszewski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maleszewski, J. J. et al. Relationship between monoclonal gammopathy and cardiac amyloid type. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 22, 189\u2013194 (2013).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol."},{"key":"80_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.09.016","volume":"92","author":"HI Geller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geller, H. I. et al. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy in wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis. Mayo. Clin. Proc. 92, 1800\u20131805 (2017).","journal-title":"Mayo. Clin. Proc."},{"key":"80_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.02.016","volume":"92","author":"TV Kourelis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kourelis, T. V. et al. Presentation and outcomes of localized immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: the Mayo Clinic experience. Mayo. Clin. Proc. 92, 908\u2013917 (2017).","journal-title":"Mayo. Clin. Proc."},{"key":"80_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.8499","volume":"31","author":"TV Kourelis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kourelis, T. V. et al. Coexistent multiple myeloma or increased bone marrow plasma cells define equally high-risk populations in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. J. Clin. Oncol. 31, 4319\u20134324 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"80_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81735","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21052","volume":"8","author":"MA Gertz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gertz, M. A., Dispenzieri, A. & Muchtar, E. Importance of FISH genetics in light chain amyloidosis. Oncotarget 8, 81735\u201381736 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"80_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310704","volume":"103","author":"M Grogan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grogan, M., Dispenzieri, A. & Gertz, M. A. Light-chain cardiac amyloidosis: strategies to promote early diagnosis and cardiac response. Heart 103, 1065\u20131072 (2017).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"80_CR30","first-page":"42","volume":"18","author":"V Papantoniou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papantoniou, V. et al. Imaging of cardiac amyloidosis by (99m)Tc-PYP scintigraphy. Hell. J. Nucl. Med. 18(Suppl 1), 42\u201350 (2015).","journal-title":"Hell. J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"80_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0435-3","volume":"14","author":"D Adams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adams, D., Theaudin, M., Cauquil, C., Algalarrondo, V. & Slama, M. FAP neuropathy and emerging treatments. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 14, 435 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"80_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-016-0436-z","volume":"18","author":"P Kerschen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kerschen, P. & Plante-Bordeneuve, V. Current and future treatment approaches in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Curr. Treat. Options Neurol. 18, 53 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"key":"80_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2016.09.002","volume":"31","author":"A Rocha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rocha, A. & Lobato, L. Liver transplantation in transthyretin amyloidosis: characteristics and management related to kidney disease. Transplant. Rev. (Orlando). 31, 115\u2013120 (2017).","journal-title":"Transplant. Rev. (Orlando)."},{"key":"80_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-016-0300-1","volume":"13","author":"R Chakraborty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakraborty, R., Muchtar, E. & Gertz, M. A. Newer Therapies for Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. Curr. Heart Fail. Rep. 13, 237\u2013246 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"80_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Plante-Bordeneuve, V. Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy: an update. J. Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8708-4 (2017).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8708-4"},{"key":"80_CR36","first-page":"267","volume":"10","author":"M Rizk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rizk, M. & Tuzmen, S. Update on the clinical utility of an RNA interference-based treatment: focus on Patisiran. Pharmgenomics Pers. Med. 10, 267\u2013278 (2017).","journal-title":"Pharmgenomics Pers. Med."},{"key":"80_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-017-0911-5","volume":"19","author":"AK Mankad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mankad, A. K. & Shah, K. B. Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 19, 97 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"80_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.5724","volume":"30","author":"S Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar, S. et al. Revised prognostic staging system for light chain amyloidosis incorporating cardiac biomarkers and serum free light chain measurements. J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 989\u2013995 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"80_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3420","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-473066","volume":"121","author":"AD Wechalekar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wechalekar, A. D. et al. A European collaborative study of treatment outcomes in 346 patients with cardiac stage III AL amyloidosis. Blood 121, 3420\u20133427 (2013).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-01-620302","volume":"126","author":"G Palladini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palladini, G. et al. A European collaborative study of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in upfront treatment of systemic AL amyloidosis. Blood 126, 612\u2013615 (2015).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)93014-0","volume":"2","author":"NF Jones","year":"1972","unstructured":"Jones, N. F.., Hilton, P. J.., Tighe, J. R.., & Hobbs, J. R.. Treatment of \u201cprimary\u201d renal amyloidosis with melphalan. Lancet 2, 616\u2013619 (1972).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"80_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.7.2801.bloodjournal8872801","volume":"88","author":"RL Comenzo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Comenzo, R. L. et al. Dose-intensive melphalan with blood stem cell support for the treatment of AL amyloidosis: one-year follow-up in five patients. Blood 88, 2801\u20132806 (1996).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199709059690","volume":"27","author":"MV Dhodapkar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dhodapkar, M. V. et al. Treatment of AL-amyloidosis with dexamethasone plus alpha interferon. Leuk. Lymphoma 27, 351\u2013356 (1997).","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"80_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-08-2788","volume":"103","author":"G Palladini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Palladini, G. et al. Association of melphalan and high-dose dexamethasone is effective and well tolerated in patients with AL (primary) amyloidosis who are ineligible for stem cell transplantation. Blood 103, 2936\u20132938 (2004).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3109\/13506120309041743","volume":"10","author":"A Dispenzieri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dispenzieri, A. et al. Poor tolerance to high doses of thalidomide in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis. Amyloid 10, 257\u2013261 (2003).","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"80_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3816\/CLM.2003.n.005","volume":"3","author":"DC Seldin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seldin, D. C. et al. Tolerability and efficacy of thalidomide for the treatment of patients with light chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis. Clin. Lymphoma 3, 241\u2013246 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma"},{"key":"80_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-032987","volume":"109","author":"A Dispenzieri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dispenzieri, A. et al. The activity of lenalidomide with or without dexamethasone in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis. Blood 109, 465\u2013470 (2007).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-030544","volume":"109","author":"V Sanchorawala","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sanchorawala, V. et al. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 2 trial. Blood 109, 492\u2013496 (2007).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-04-710822","volume":"128","author":"V Sanchorawala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanchorawala, V. et al. Pomalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 1 and 2 trial. Blood 128, 1059\u20131062 (2016).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5397","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-413161","volume":"119","author":"A Dispenzieri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dispenzieri, A. et al. Activity of pomalidomide in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. Blood 119, 5397\u20135404 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.163246","volume":"102","author":"U Hegenbart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hegenbart, U. et al. Lenalidomide\/melphalan\/dexamethasone in newly diagnosed patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: results of a prospective phase 2 study with long-term follow up. Haematologica 102, 1424\u20131431 (2017).","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"80_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5071","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-305136","volume":"116","author":"U Tapan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tapan, U. et al. Increases in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) during treatment with lenalidomide in AL amyloidosis. Blood 116, 5071\u20135072 (2010).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21822","volume":"85","author":"A Dispenzieri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dispenzieri, A. et al. Discordance between serum cardiac biomarker and immunoglobulin-free light-chain response in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis treated with immune modulatory drugs. Am. J. Hematol. 85, 757\u2013759 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"80_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2017.03.001","volume":"41","author":"T Sher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sher, T. & Gertz, M. A. Stem cell transplantation for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Curr. Probl. Cancer 41, 129\u2013137 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cancer"},{"key":"80_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6105","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27660","volume":"118","author":"S Cordes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cordes, S. et al. Ten-year survival after autologous stem cell transplantation for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Cancer 118, 6105\u20136109 (2012).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"80_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30051","volume":"122","author":"MA Gertz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gertz, M. A. et al. Stem cell transplantation compared with melphalan plus dexamethasone in the treatment of immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. Cancer 122, 2197\u20132205 (2016).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"80_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.170","volume":"48","author":"MA Gertz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gertz, M. A. et al. Refinement in patient selection to reduce treatment-related mortality from autologous stem cell transplantation in amyloidosis. Bone Marrow Transplant. 48, 557\u2013561 (2013).","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"80_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.274","volume":"27","author":"H Landau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landau, H. et al. Bortezomib and dexamethasone consolidation following risk-adapted melphalan and stem cell transplantation for patients with newly diagnosed light-chain amyloidosis. Leukemia 27, 823\u2013828 (2013).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"80_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-2","volume":"12","author":"X Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Induction therapy with bortezomib and dexamethasone followed by autologous stem cell transplantation versus autologous stem cell transplantation alone in the treatment of renal AL amyloidosis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Med. 12, 2 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"80_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.095463","volume":"99","author":"G Palladini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palladini, G. et al. Oral melphalan and dexamethasone grants extended survival with minimal toxicity in AL amyloidosis: long-term results of a risk-adapted approach. Haematologica 99, 743\u2013750 (2014).","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"80_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-035352","volume":"109","author":"AD Wechalekar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wechalekar, A. D. et al. Safety and efficacy of risk-adapted cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in systemic AL amyloidosis. Blood 109, 457\u2013464 (2007).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13500","volume":"170","author":"MT Cibeira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cibeira, M. T. et al. A phase II trial of lenalidomide, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide for newly diagnosed patients with systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Br. J. Haematol. 170, 804\u2013813 (2015).","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"80_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5384","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-12-396903","volume":"119","author":"E Kastritis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kastritis, E. et al. A phase 1\/2 study of lenalidomide with low-dose oral cyclophosphamide and low-dose dexamethasone (RdC) in AL amyloidosis. Blood 119, 5384\u20135390 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-390930","volume":"119","author":"JR Mikhael","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mikhael, J. R. et al. Cyclophosphamide-bortezomib-dexamethasone (CyBorD) produces rapid and complete hematologic response in patients with AL amyloidosis. Blood 119, 4391\u20134394 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.369","volume":"31","author":"E Muchtar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muchtar, E. et al. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in untreated AL amyloidosis has an independent prognostic impact by abnormality type and treatment category. Leukemia 31, 1562\u20131569 (2017).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"80_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.47","volume":"7","author":"E Kastritis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kastritis, E. et al. Addition of cyclophosphamide and higher doses of dexamethasone do not improve outcomes of patients with AL amyloidosis treated with bortezomib. Blood Cancer J. 7, e570 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"80_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-06-722496","volume":"128","author":"T Sher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sher, T., Fenton, B., Akhtar, A. & Gertz, M. A. First report of safety and efficacy of daratumumab in 2 cases of advanced immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Blood 128, 1987\u20131989 (2016).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-01-763599","volume":"130","author":"GP Kaufman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaufman, G. P. et al. Daratumumab yields rapid and deep hematologic responses in patients with heavily pretreated AL amyloidosis. Blood 130, 900\u2013902 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.4947","volume":"33","author":"T Bochtler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bochtler, T. et al. Translocation t(11;14) is associated with adverse outcome in patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis when treated with bortezomib-based regimens. J. Clin. Oncol. 33, 1371\u20131378 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"80_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leung, N., Thome, S. D., Dispenzieri, A. Venetoclax induced a complete response in a patient with AL amyloidosis plateaued on CyBorD. Haematologica https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2017.183749 (2018).","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.183749"},{"key":"80_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.645.645","volume":"128","author":"AD Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen, A. D. et al. Safety and efficacy of carfilzomib (CFZ) in previously-treated systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Blood 128, 645\u2013645 (2016).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.3319.3319","volume":"128","author":"A Chari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chari, A. et al. Cardiac events in real-world multiple myeloma patients treated with carfilzomib: a retrospective claims database analysis. Blood 128, 3319\u20133319 (2016).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/13506120600960882","volume":"13","author":"Y Sekijima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sekijima, Y., Dendle, M. A. & Kelly, J. W. Orally administered diflunisal stabilizes transthyretin against dissociation required for amyloidogenesis. Amyloid 13, 236\u2013249 (2006).","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"80_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.283815","volume":"310","author":"JL Berk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berk, J. L. et al. Repurposing diflunisal for familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310, 2658\u20132667 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"80_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.26","volume":"7","author":"AD Wechalekar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wechalekar, A. D. & Whelan, C. Encouraging impact of doxycycline on early mortality in cardiac light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Blood Cancer J. 7, e546 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"80_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-8-74","volume":"8","author":"I Cardoso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cardoso, I., Martins, D., Ribeiro, T., Merlini, G. & Saraiva, M. J. Synergy of combined doxycycline\/TUDCA treatment in lowering Transthyretin deposition and associated biomarkers: studies in FAP mouse models. J. Transl. Med. 8, 74 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"80_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4509com","volume":"20","author":"I Cardoso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cardoso, I. & Saraiva, M. J. Doxycycline disrupts transthyretin amyloid: evidence from studies in a FAP transgenic mice model. FASEB J. 20, 234\u2013239 (2006).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"80_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6610","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-351643","volume":"118","author":"JE Ward","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ward, J. E. et al. Doxycycline reduces fibril formation in a transgenic mouse model of AL amyloidosis. Blood 118, 6610\u20136617 (2011).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"80_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2012.678508","volume":"19","author":"L Obici","year":"2012","unstructured":"Obici, L. et al. Doxycycline plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid for transthyretin amyloidosis: a phase II study. Amyloid 19(Suppl 1), 34\u201336 (2012).","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"80_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-426981","volume":"120","author":"SK Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar, S. K. et al. Doxycycline used as post transplant antibacterial prophylaxis improves survival in patients with light chain amyloidosis undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Blood 120, 3138\u20133138 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"80_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E506","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24563","volume":"91","author":"MA Gertz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gertz, M. A., Landau, H. J. & Weiss, B. M. Organ response in patients with AL amyloidosis treated with NEOD001, an amyloid-directed monoclonal antibody. Am. J. Hematol. 91, E506\u2013E508 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"80_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.63.6530","volume":"34","author":"MA Gertz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gertz, M. A. et al. First-in-human phase I\/II Study of NEOD001 in patients with light chain amyloidosis and persistent organ dysfunction. J. Clin. Oncol. 34, 1097\u20131103 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"80_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1089\/108497803322702824","volume":"18","author":"A Solomon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Solomon, A., Weiss, D. T. & Wall, J. S. Immunotherapy in systemic primary (AL) amyloidosis using amyloid-reactive monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 18, 853\u2013860 (2003).","journal-title":"Cancer Biother. Radiopharm."},{"key":"80_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4155\/ppa-2017-0022","volume":"6","author":"JS Wall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wall, J. S., Foster, J. S., Martin, E. B. & Kennel, S. J. Pretargeting immunotherapy: a novel treatment approach for systemic amyloidosis. Pharm. Pat. Anal. 6, 215\u2013223 (2017).","journal-title":"Pharm. Pat. Anal."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"80_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2017.1292900","volume":"24","author":"CV Edwards","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edwards, C. V. et al. Interim analysis of the phase 1a\/b study of chimeric fibril-reactive monoclonal antibody 11-1F4 in patients with AL amyloidosis. Amyloid 24(sup1), 58\u201359 (2017).","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"80_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richards, D. B. et al. Repeat doses of antibody to serum amyloid P component clear amyloid deposits in patients with systemic amyloidosis. Sci. Transl Med. 10, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan3128 (2018).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan3128"},{"key":"80_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504942","volume":"373","author":"DB Richards","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richards, D. B. et al. Therapeutic clearance of amyloid by antibodies to serum amyloid p component. N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 1106\u20131114 (2015).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"80_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv328","volume":"31","author":"N Leung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leung, N. et al. The impact of dialysis on the survival of patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 31, 1284\u20131289 (2016).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"80_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.08.031","volume":"24","author":"F Batalini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Batalini, F. et al. High-dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation in patients on dialysis due to immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease. Biol. Blood. Marrow Transplant. 24, 127\u2013132 (2018).","journal-title":"Biol. Blood. Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"80_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1858","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-16-00122","volume":"182","author":"MS Scully","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scully, M. S. et al. Total artificial heart implantation as a bridge to heart transplantation in an active duty service member with amyloid cardiomyopathy. Mil. Med. 182, e1858\u2013e1860 (2017).","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"80_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kristen, A. V. et al. Improved outcomes after heart transplantation for cardiac amyloidosis in the modern era. J Heart Lung Transplant. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healun.2017.11.015 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.11.015"},{"key":"80_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2017.52.3.221","volume":"52","author":"JY Huh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huh, J. Y. et al. Sequential heart and autologous stem cell transplantation for light-chain cardiac amyloidosis. Blood Res. 52, 221\u2013224 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood Res."},{"key":"80_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-017-9601-z","volume":"22","author":"M Sousa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sousa, M., Monohan, G., Rajagopalan, N., Grigorian, A. & Guglin, M. Heart transplantation in cardiac amyloidosis. Heart Fail. Rev. 22, 317\u2013327 (2017).","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"80_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v6.i2.380","volume":"6","author":"M Grogan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grogan, M. et al. Long term outcomes of cardiac transplant for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: The Mayo Clinic experience. World J. Transplant. 6, 380\u2013388 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Transplant."},{"key":"80_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12391","volume":"13","author":"DE Meyers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meyers, D. E. et al. Fatal cardiac and renal allograft rejection with lenalidomide therapy for light-chain amyloidosis. Am. J. Transplant. 13, 2730\u20132733 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."}],"container-title":["Blood Cancer Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-018-0080-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-018-0080-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-018-0080-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T11:34:57Z","timestamp":1671536097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-018-0080-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["80"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-018-0080-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-5385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-5385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"M.A.G. reports personal fees from Ionis, personal fees from Alnylym, personal fees from Prothena, personal fees from Celgene, personal fees from Janssen, grants and personal fees from Spectrum, personal fees from Annexon, personal fees from Appellis, personal fees from Amgen, personal fees from Medscape, personal fees from Physicians Education Resource, personal fees from Abbvie, personal fees from Research to Practice, from Teva, outside the submitted work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"44"}}