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Recently, while assessing the degree of correlation between <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> gene rearrangement and MYC protein expression in aggressive B-cell lymphomas, we observed few Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cases lacking MYC protein expression despite the translocation involving the <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> gene. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to better characterize such cases. Our results identified two sub-groups of MYC protein negative BL: one lacking detectable MYC protein expression but presenting MYCN mRNA and protein expression; the second characterized by the lack of both MYC and MYCN proteins but showing <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> mRNA. Interestingly, the two sub-groups presented a different pattern of SNVs affecting <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> gene family members that may induce the switch from <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> to <jats:italic>MYCN<\/jats:italic>. Particulary, MYCN-expressing cases show MYCN SNVs at interaction interface that stabilize the protein associated with loss-of-function of MYC. This finding highlights MYCN as a reliable diagnostic marker in such cases. Nevertheless, due to the overlapping clinic, morphology and immunohistochemistry (apart for MYC versus MYCN protein expression) of both sub-groups, the described cases represent bona fide BL according to the current criteria of the World Health Organization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-019-0252-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T14:03:23Z","timestamp":1574258603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Molecular switch from MYC to MYCN expression in MYC protein negative Burkitt lymphoma cases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Mundo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Raffaella","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Raimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Del Porro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Guazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Granai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Jim Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Bens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Onyango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Nyagol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Abinya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Navari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Ndede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirkita","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pier","family":"Paolo Piccaluga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshanak","family":"Bob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Margherita","family":"de Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1905-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert B.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Lazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiner","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Leoncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"252_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.003","volume":"149","author":"CV Dang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dang, C. 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