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This analysis by the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry assessed HCT outcomes by declared MRD status in a cohort of 1042 adult patients with AML CR2 at HCT. Patients were transplanted 2006\u20132016 from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched siblings (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009719) or HLA 10\/10 matched unrelated donors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009293). Conditioning was myeloablative (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009610) or reduced-intensity (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009432) and 566 patients (54%) had in-vivo T cell depletion. At HCT, 749 patients (72%) were MRD negative (MRD NEG) and 293 (28%) were MRD positive (MRD POS). Time from diagnosis to HCT was longer in MRD NEG than MRD POS patients (18 vs. 16 months (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Two-year relapse rates were 24% (95% CI, 21\u201328) and 40% (95% CI, 34\u201346) in MRD NEG and MRD POS groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively. Leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 57% (53\u201361) and 46% (40\u201352%), respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), but there was no difference in terms of overall survival. Prognostic factors for relapse and LFS were MRD NEG status, good risk cytogenetics, and longer time from diagnosis to HCT. In-vivo T cell depletion predicted relapse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00479-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T16:03:49Z","timestamp":1620835429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Measurable residual disease status and outcome of transplant in acute myeloid leukemia in second complete remission: a study by the acute leukemia working party of the EBMT"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0364-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria H.","family":"Gilleece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8782-6160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avichai","family":"Shimoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Labopin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Beelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Soci\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Unal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Ganser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonin","family":"Vitek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Sengeloev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4524-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Yakoub-Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Tholouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Polge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7264-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Mohty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnon","family":"Nagler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"479_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-025627","volume":"109","author":"JJ Cornelissen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cornelissen, J. 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