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However, the complex procedure for CAR T-cell generation hampers its widespread applications. Here, we describe a novel approach in which human CAR T cells can be generated within the host upon injecting an Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector carrying the CAR gene, which we call AAV delivering CAR gene therapy (ACG). Upon single infusion into a humanized NOD.Cg-Prkd\n                    <jats:sup>cscid<\/jats:sup>\n                    Il2rg\n                    <jats:sup>em26<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Nju tumor mouse model of human T-cell leukemia, AAV generates sufficient numbers of potent in vivo CAR cells, resulting in tumor regression; these in vivo-generated CAR cells produce antitumor immunological characteristics. This instantaneous generation of in vivo CAR T cells may bypass the need for patient lymphodepletion, as well as the \u03b2 processes of traditional CAR T-cell production, which may make CAR therapy simpler and less expensive. It may allow the development of intricate, individualized treatments in the form of on-demand and diverse therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00508-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T11:04:18Z","timestamp":1624446258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["AAV-mediated in vivo CAR gene therapy for targeting human T-cell leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Waqas","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linjing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Yiqiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0672-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xilin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"508_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.06.011","volume":"187","author":"EI Lichtman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lichtman EI, Dotti G. 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All experimental animal procedures were approved by the Committee on the Use of Live Animals by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. All the authors declare their compliance with publishing ethics.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The patent (CN201910224056.8) was filed by XW, ZW, and WN as inventors of the AAV in vivo-generated CAR cell concept. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"119"}}