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active for multiple myeloma, but infections are emerging as a major challenge. In this retrospective, single-center analysis we evaluated infectious complications after BCMA-targeted chimeric-antigen-receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), bispecific-antibodies (BsAb) and antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC). The primary endpoint was severe (grade \u22653) infection incidence. Amongst 256 patients, 92 received CAR-T, 55 BsAb and 109 ADC. The incidence of severe infections was higher with BsAb (40%) than CAR-T (26%) or ADC (8%), including grade 5 infections (7% vs 0% vs 0%, respectively). Comparing T-cell redirecting therapies, the incidence rate of severe infections was significantly lower with CAR-T compared to BsAb at 1-year (incidence-rate-ratio [IRR]\u2009=\u20090.43, 95%CI 0.25\u22120.76,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004). During periods of treatment-emergent hypogammaglobulinemia, BsAb recipients had higher infection rates (IRR:2.27, 1.31\u22123.98,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004) and time to severe infection (HR 2.04, 1.05\u20133.96,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.036) than their CAR-T counterparts. During periods of non-neutropenia, CAR-T recipients had a lower risk (HR 0.44, 95%CI 0.21\u22120.93,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.032) and incidence rate (IRR:0.32, 95% 0.17\u20130.59,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) of severe infections than BsAb. In conclusion, we observed an overall higher and more persistent risk of severe infections with BsAb. Our results also suggest a higher infection risk during periods of hypogammaglobulinemia with BsAb, and with neutropenia in CAR-T recipients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01043-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T03:04:19Z","timestamp":1717124659000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Comparison of infectious complications with BCMA-directed therapies in multiple 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GS research funding to the institution from Janssen, Amgen, BMS, Beyond Spring, and GPCR, and on DSMB for ArcellX; HH reports grants from Celgene, Takeda, and Janssen, outside the submitted work; NK reports research funding through Amgen and participates in advisory board with Medimmune; US reports personal fees from Physicians Educations Resources; grants and other from Celgene\/Bristol Myers Squibb; other from Janssen; and grants from Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Myeloma Crowd, outside the submitted work; CT: reports research funding from Janssen and personal fees from Physician Educations Resource; MH: reports research funding from Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline; has received honoraria for consultancy\/participated in advisory boards for Curio Science LLC, Intellisphere LLC, Bristol Myer Squibb, and GlaxoSmithKline; SAG reports personal fees from and an advisory role (scientific advisory board) in Actinium, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Amgen, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, JAZZ, Janssen, Omeros, Takeda, and Kite, outside the submitted work; SZU reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, 404 Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Merck, MundiPharma, Oncopeptides, 405 Pharmacyclics, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, SkylineDX, and Takeda; SM received consulting fees from Evicore, Optum, BioAscend, Janssen Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, AbbVie, ECor1, Galapagos, and Legend Biotech. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center receives research funding from the NCI, Janssen Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Allogene Therapeutics, Fate Therapeutics, and Takeda Oncology for research led by Sham Mailankody. Sham Mailankody received honoraria from OncLive, Physician Education Resource, MJH Life Sciences, and Plexus Communications; AML reports grants from Bristol Myers Squibb; personal fees from Trillium Therapeutics; grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Pfizer; and grants and personal fees from Janssen and Arcellx, outside the submitted work. AML also has a patent US20150037346A1 with royalties paid.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"88"}}