{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T17:12:17Z","timestamp":1756573937007,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Blood Cancer J."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection is the leading cause of death in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the cellular composition associated with immune dysfunction is not defined. We analyzed immune profiles in the peripheral blood of patients with MM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) and B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200953) vs. health care practitioners (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200996), using multidimensional and computational flow cytometry. MM patients displayed altered distribution of most cell types (41\/56, 73%), particularly within the B-cell (17\/17) and T-cell (20\/30) compartments. Using COVID-19 as a case study, we compared the immune response to vaccination based on 64,304 data points generated from the analysis of 1099 longitudinal samples. MM patients showed limited B-cell expansion linked to lower anti-RBD and anti-S antibody titers after the first two doses and booster. The percentages of B cells and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in the blood, as well as the absolute counts of B cells and dendritic cells, predicted vaccine immunogenicity at different time points. In contrast with the humoral response, the percentage and antigen-dependent differentiation of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was not altered in MM patients. Taken together, this study defined the cellular composition associated with immune dysfunction in MM and provided biomarkers such as the B-cell percentage and absolute count to individualize vaccination calendars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01089-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T10:01:52Z","timestamp":1720605712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune dysfunction prior to and during vaccination in multiple myeloma: a case study based on COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8155-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esperanza","family":"Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4088-0992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis-Esteban","family":"Tamariz-Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1395-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9260-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiia","family":"Zherniakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aintzane","family":"Zabaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Alignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria-Antonia","family":"Fortu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7227-1975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Manubens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8364-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose-Maria","family":"Argui\u00f1ano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Perez-Persona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Olazabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Oiartzabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Panizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Prosper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9183-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus F.","family":"San-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5236-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Rodriguez-Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1977-3815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Asociaci\u00f3n Vasco-Navarra de Hematolog\u00eda y Hemoterapia (ASOVASNA) cooperative group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus F.","family":"San Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1089_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.107714","volume":"100","author":"C Blimark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blimark C, Holmberg E, Mellqvist UH, Landgren O, Bjorkholm M, Hultcrantz M, et al. Multiple myeloma and infections: a population-based study on 9253 multiple myeloma patients. Haematologica. 2015;100:107\u201313.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"1089_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1078725","volume":"13","author":"L John","year":"2023","unstructured":"John L, Miah K, Benner A, Mai EK, Kriegsmann K, Hundemer M, et al. Impact of novel agent therapies on immune cell subsets and infectious complications in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1078725.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1089_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00512","volume":"41","author":"SA Holstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holstein SA, Grant SJ, Wildes TM. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell and bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma: moving into the future. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:4416\u201329.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1089_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-23-0049","volume":"4","author":"G Lancman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lancman G, Parsa K, Kotlarz K, Avery L, Lurie A, Lieberman-Cribbin A, et al. IVIg use associated with ten-fold reduction of serious infections in multiple myeloma patients treated with anti-BCMA bispecific antibodies. Blood Cancer Discov. 2023;4:440\u201351.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov"},{"key":"1089_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008150","volume":"136","author":"A Chari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chari A, Samur MK, Martinez-Lopez J, Cook G, Biran N, Yong K, et al. Clinical features associated with COVID-19 outcome in multiple myeloma: first results from the International Myeloma Society data set. Blood. 2020;136:3033\u201340.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1089_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00372-5","volume":"10","author":"J Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez J, Mateos MV, Encinas C, Sureda A, Hern\u00e1ndez-Rivas J\u00c1, Lopez de la Gu\u00eda A, et al. Multiple myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of inpatient mortality. Blood Cancer J. 2020;10:103.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"1089_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","volume":"383","author":"FP Polack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:2603\u201315.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1089_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389","volume":"384","author":"LR Baden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baden LR, El Sahly HM, Essink B, Kotloff K, Frey S, Novak R, et al. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:403\u201316.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1089_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00778-3","volume":"13","author":"JL Pi\u00f1ana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1ana JL, Vazquez L, Calabuig M, L\u00f3pez-Corral L, Martin-Martin G, Villalon L, et al. One-year breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates of protection in fully vaccinated hematological patients. Blood Cancer J. 2023;13:8.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"1089_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6198","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008530","volume":"6","author":"N Chuleerarux","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chuleerarux N, Manothummetha K, Moonla C, Sanguankeo A, Kates OS, Hirankarn N, et al. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Adv. 2022;6:6198\u2013207.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1089_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1803","volume":"6","author":"SD Stampfer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stampfer SD, Bujarski S, Goldwater MS, Jew S, Regidor B, Chen H, et al. Loss of anti-spike antibodies following mRNA vaccination for COVID-19 among patients with multiple myeloma. Cancer Rep. 2023;6:e1803.","journal-title":"Cancer Rep"},{"key":"1089_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-01920-1","volume":"37","author":"E Terpos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Terpos E, Musto P, Engelhardt M, Delforge M, Cook G, Gay F, et al. Management of patients with multiple myeloma and COVID-19 in the post pandemic era: a consensus paper from the European Myeloma Network (EMN). Leukemia. 2023;37:1175\u201385.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"1089_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03807-6","volume":"597","author":"TN Starr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Starr TN, Czudnochowski N, Liu Z, Zatta F, Park YJ, Addetia A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape. Nature. 2021;597:97\u2013102.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1089_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26752","volume":"98","author":"MV Dhodapkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhodapkar MV. The immune system in multiple myeloma and precursor states: lessons and implications for immunotherapy and interception. Am J Hematol. 2023;98:S4\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"1089_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-0053-3","volume":"1","author":"O Zavidij","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zavidij O, Haradhvala NJ, Mouhieddine TH, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Cai S, Reidy M, et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals compromised immune microenvironment in precursor stages of multiple myeloma. Nat Cancer. 2020;1:493\u2013506.","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"1089_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20314-w","volume":"12","author":"R Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu R, Gao Q, Foltz SM, Fowles JS, Yao L, Wang JT, et al. Co-evolution of tumor and immune cells during progression of multiple myeloma. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1089_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41562-6","volume":"14","author":"C Botta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Botta C, Perez C, Larrayoz M, Puig N, Cedena MT, Termini R, et al. Large T cell clones expressing immune checkpoints increase during multiple myeloma evolution and predict treatment resistance. Nat Commun. 2023;14:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1089_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092604","volume":"15","author":"S Luoma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luoma S, Sergeev P, Javarappa KK, \u00d6hman TJ, Varjosalo M, S\u00e4ily M, et al. Deep immune profiling of multiple myeloma at diagnosis and under lenalidomide maintenance therapy. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15:2604.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1089_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40966-8","volume":"14","author":"DG Coffey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coffey DG, Maura F, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Luo P, Zhang Y, et al. Immunophenotypic correlates of sustained MRD negativity in patients with multiple myeloma. Nat Commun. 2023;14:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1089_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.10.017","volume":"40","author":"R Sklavenitis-Pistofidis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Aranha MP, Redd RA, Trippa L, Getz G, Ghobrial IM, et al. Immune biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in patients with high-risk smoldering myeloma. Cancer Cell. 2022;40:1358\u20131373.e8.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1089_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2020.09.045","volume":"42","author":"K Papadimitriou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papadimitriou K, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Tsakirakis N, Gavriatopoulou M, Kostopoulos I, Kastritis E, et al. Peripheral blood immune profiling of multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis: correlations with circulating plasma cells. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2020;42:24.","journal-title":"Hematol Transfus Cell Ther"},{"key":"1089_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00283-0","volume":"9","author":"NS Raje","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raje NS, Anaissie E, Kumar SK, Lonial S, Martin T, Gertz MA, et al. Consensus guidelines and recommendations for infection prevention in multiple myeloma: a report from the International Myeloma Working Group. Lancet Haematol. 2022;9:e143\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"1089_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051173","volume":"14","author":"A Romano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Romano A, Cerchione C, Conticello C, Filetti S, Bulla A, Chiarenza A, et al. Reduced absolute count of monocytes in patients carrying hematological neoplasms and SARS-CoV2 infection. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14:1173.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1089_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01177-0","volume":"14","author":"L Pagano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pagano L, Salmanton-Garc\u00eda J, Marchesi F, Busca A, Corradini P, Hoenigl M, et al. COVID-19 infection in adult patients with hematological malignancies: a European Hematology Association Survey (EPICOVIDEHA). J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14:1\u201315.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"1089_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.659018","volume":"12","author":"E Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez E, Garc\u00e9s JJ, Maia C, Inog\u00e9s S, L\u00f3pez-D\u00edaz de Cerio A, Carmona-Torre F, et al. Immunological biomarkers of fatal COVID-19: a study of 868 patients. Front Immunol. 2021;12:659018.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1089_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI145853","volume":"131","author":"RM R\u00e9billard","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00e9billard RM, Charabati M, Grasmuck C, Filali-Mouhim A, Tastet O, Brassard N, et al. Identification of SARS-CoV-2\u2013specific immune alterations in acutely ill patients. J Clin Investig. 2021;131:e145853.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1089_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010539","volume":"7","author":"G Reynolds","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reynolds G, Cliff ERS, Mohyuddin GR, Popat R, Midha S, Hing MNL, et al. Infections following bispecific antibodies in myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Adv. 2023;7:5898\u2013903.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1089_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-22-0173","volume":"4","author":"MI Azeem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Azeem MI, Nooka AK, Shanmugasundaram U, Cheedarla N, Potdar S, Manalo RJ, et al. Impaired SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralization and CD8+ T cell responses following 3 doses of mRNA vaccines in myeloma: correlation with breakthrough infections. Blood Cancer Discov. 2023;4:106\u201317.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov"},{"key":"1089_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02257","volume":"40","author":"AK Nooka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nooka AK, Shanmugasundaram U, Cheedarla N, Verkerke H, Edara VV, Valanparambil R, et al. Determinants of neutralizing antibody response after SARS CoV-2 vaccination in patients with myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40:3057\u201364.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1089_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014989","volume":"139","author":"E Terpos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Terpos E, Gavriatopoulou M, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Briasoulis A, Gumeni S, Malandrakis P, et al. Booster BNT162b2 optimizes SARS-CoV-2 humoral response in patients with myeloma: the negative effect of anti-BCMA therapy. Blood. 2022;139:1409\u201312.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1089_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.12.013","volume":"40","author":"A Fendler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fendler A, Shepherd STC, Au L, Wilkinson KA, Wu M, Schmitt AM, et al. Immune responses following third COVID-19 vaccination are reduced in patients with hematological malignancies compared to patients with solid cancer. Cancer Cell. 2022;40:114\u20136.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1089_CR32","first-page":"81","volume":"4","author":"A Keppler-Hafkemeyer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Keppler-Hafkemeyer A, Greil C, Wratil PR, Shoumariyeh K, Stern M, Hafkemeyer A, et al. Potent high-avidity neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses after COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Nat Cancer. 2023;4:81\u201395.","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"1089_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01386-7","volume":"27","author":"EM Bange","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bange EM, Han NA, Wileyto P, Kim JY, Gouma S, Robinson J, et al. CD8+ T cells contribute to survival in patients with COVID-19 and hematologic cancer. Nat Med. 2021;27:1280\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1089_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-021-00274-w","volume":"2","author":"A Fendler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fendler A, Shepherd STC, Au L, Wilkinson KA, Wu M, Byrne F, et al. Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study. Nat Cancer. 2021;2:1305\u201320.","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"1089_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022009054","volume":"7","author":"R Engelmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Engelmann R, Jaekel N, Jotschke S, Ludwig-Kraus B, Kraus FB, Kumari N, et al. Vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with improved T-cell responses in hematological neoplasia. Blood Adv. 2023;7:3403\u201315.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1089_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101017","volume":"4","author":"THO Nguyen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Allen LF, Chua BY, Kedzierski L, Lim C, et al. Robust SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses with common TCR\u03b1\u03b2 motifs toward COVID-19 vaccines in patients with hematological malignancy impacting B cells. Cell Rep Med. 2023;4:101017.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"1089_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705870","volume":"41","author":"M Berger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berger M, Figari O, Bruno B, Raiola A, Dominietto A, Fiorone M, et al. Lymphocyte subsets recovery following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT): CD4+ cell count and transplant-related mortality. Bone Marrow Transpl. 2008;41:55\u201362.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"1089_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705871","volume":"41","author":"JE Talmadge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talmadge JE. Lymphocyte subset recovery following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: CD4(+)-cell count and transplant-related mortality. Bone Marrow Transpl. 2008;41:19\u201321.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"1089_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim DH, Sohn SK, Won DI, Lee NY, Suh JS, Lee KB. Rapid helper T-cell recovery above 200 \u00d7 106\/l at 3 months correlates to successful transplant outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transpl. 2006;37:1119\u201328.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705381"},{"key":"1089_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14143","volume":"112","author":"C Twumasi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Twumasi C, Moore S, Sadler R, Jeans S, Varghese S, Turner A. et al. Determinants of durable humoral and T cell immunity in myeloma patients following COVID-19 vaccination. Eur J Haematol. 2023;112:547\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"1089_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104886","volume":"98","author":"A Aleman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aleman A, van Kesteren M, Zajdman AK, Srivastava K, Cognigni C, Mischka J, et al. Cellular mechanisms associated with sub-optimal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 bivalent booster vaccination in patients with Multiple Myeloma. eBioMedicine. 2023;98:104886.","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"1089_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012118","volume":"8","author":"JZ Amarin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amarin JZ, Dulek DE, Simmons J, Hayek H, Chappell JD, Nochowicz CH. et al. Immunophenotypic predictors of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Blood Adv. 2024;8:1880\u201392.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1089_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.122","volume":"26","author":"T Kalina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalina T, Flores-Montero J, Van Der Velden VHJ, Martin-Ayuso M, B\u00f6ttcher S, Ritgen M, et al. EuroFlow standardization of flow cytometer instrument settings and immunophenotyping protocols. Leukemia. 2012;26:1986\u20132010.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"1089_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005198","volume":"6","author":"C Botta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Botta C, Maia C, Garc\u00e9s JJ, Termini R, Perez C, Manrique I, et al. FlowCT for the analysis of large immunophenotypic data sets and biomarker discovery in cancer immunology. Blood Adv. 2022;6:690\u2013703.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1089_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149319","volume":"51","author":"Y C\u00e1ceres-Martell","year":"2021","unstructured":"C\u00e1ceres-Martell Y, Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto D, Campos-Silva C, Garc\u00eda-Cuesta EM, Casasnovas JM, Navas-Herrera D, et al. Single-reaction multi-antigen serological test for comprehensive evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 patients by flow cytometry. Eur J Immunol. 2021;51:2633\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"1089_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8295-5","volume":"53","author":"KY Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen KY, Liu J, Ren EC. Structural and functional distinctiveness of HLA-A2 allelic variants. Immunol Res. 2012;53:182\u201390.","journal-title":"Immunol Res"}],"container-title":["Blood Cancer Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-024-01089-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-024-01089-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-024-01089-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T11:03:05Z","timestamp":1720609385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-024-01089-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-024-01089-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-5385"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-5385"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"111"}}