{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:22:23Z","timestamp":1788013343311,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Blood Cancer J."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-025-01419-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T08:04:36Z","timestamp":1763712276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Outcomes of CAR T-Cell therapy in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma by race: a multicenter real-world study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9019-7438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manisha","family":"Bhutani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Vegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Struble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darryl","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Strouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly M.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Umair","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3168-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Mahmoudjafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0539-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph P.","family":"McGuirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1661-718X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Voorhees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2166-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Mohammad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al-Ola","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4336-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nausheen","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4547-7534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shebli","family":"Atrash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1419_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00933-8","volume":"398","author":"JG Berdeja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berdeja JG, Madduri D, Usmani SZ, Jakubowiak A, Agha M, Cohen AD, et al. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): a phase 1b\/2 open-label study. Lancet. 2021;398:314\u201324.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1419_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024850","volume":"384","author":"NC Munshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munshi NC, Anderson LD Jr, Shah N, Madduri D, Berdeja J, Lonial S, et al. Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:705\u201316.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1419_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303379","volume":"389","author":"J San-Miguel","year":"2023","unstructured":"San-Miguel J, Dhakal B, Yong K, Spencer A, Anguille S, Mateos MV, et al. Cilta-cel or Standard Care in Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:335\u201347.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1419_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213614","volume":"388","author":"P Rodriguez-Otero","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Otero P, Ailawadhi S, Arnulf B, Patel K, Cavo M, Nooka AK, et al. Ide-cel or Standard Regimens in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1002\u201314.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1419_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6040","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007676","volume":"6","author":"AJ Faruqi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Faruqi AJ, Ligon JA, Borgman P, Steinberg SM, Foley T, Little L, et al. The impact of race, ethnicity, and obesity on CAR T-cell therapy outcomes. Blood Adv. 2022;6:6040\u201350.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1419_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011996","volume":"8","author":"R Karmali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karmali R, Machhi R, Epperla N, Shouse G, Romancik J, Moyo TK, et al. Impact of race and social determinants of health on outcomes in patients with aggressive B-cell NHL treated with CAR-T therapy. Blood Adv. 2024;8:2592\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1419_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023023447","volume":"143","author":"FL Locke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Locke FL, Siddiqi T, Jacobson CA, Ghobadi A, Ahmed S, Miklos DB, et al. Real-world and clinical trial outcomes in large B-cell lymphoma with axicabtagene ciloleucel across race and ethnicity. Blood. 2024;143:2722\u201334.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1419_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010894","volume":"8","author":"LC Peres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peres LC, Oswald LB, Dillard CM, De Avila G, Nishihori T, Blue BJ, et al. Racial and ethnic differences in clinical outcomes among patients with multiple myeloma treated with CAR T-cell therapy. Blood Adv. 2024;8:251\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1419_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-210078","volume":"144","author":"LC Peres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peres LC, Richards A, Sidana S, Oswald LB, Dima D, Afrough A, et al. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Outcomes of Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Idecabtagene Vicleucel or Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel. Blood. 2024;144:3785.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1419_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6","volume":"17","author":"S Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar S, Paiva B, Anderson KC, Durie B, Landgren O, Moreau P, et al. International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:e328\u2013e46.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1419_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2024.06.012","volume":"30","author":"W Wesson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wesson W, Dima D, Suleman N, Saif MSI, Tabak C, Logan E, et al. Timing of Toxicities and Non-Relapse Mortality Following CAR T Therapy in Myeloma. Transplant Cell Ther. 2024;30:876\u201384.","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"1419_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024014255","volume":"9","author":"ZM Avigan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Avigan ZM, Bodnar S, Pan D, Catlett J, Richter J, Sanchez LJ, et al. Delayed neutrophil recovery following BCMA CAR-T therapy in Duffy-null myeloma does not impact severe infections or survival. Blood Adv. 2025;9:202\u20136.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1419_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00633-5","volume":"12","author":"J Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong J, Garacci Z, Buradagunta CS, D\u2019Souza A, Mohan M, Cunningham A, et al. Black patients with multiple myeloma have better survival than white patients when treated equally: a matched cohort study. Blood Cancer J. 2022;12:34.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"1419_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2023.09.009","volume":"24","author":"J Mikhael","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mikhael J, Cichewicz A, Mearns ES, Girvan A, Pierre V, Rawashdh NA, et al. Overall Survival in Patients With Multiple Myeloma in the U.S.: A Systematic Literature Review of Racial Disparities. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2024;24:e1\u2013e12.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"1419_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.04.008","volume":"28","author":"N Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed N, Shahzad M, Shippey E, Bansal R, Mushtaq MU, Mahmoudjafari Z, et al. Socioeconomic and Racial Disparity in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Access. Transplant Cell Ther. 2022;28:358\u201364.","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"}],"container-title":["Blood Cancer Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-025-01419-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-025-01419-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-025-01419-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T08:04:36Z","timestamp":1763712276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41408-025-01419-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-025-01419-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7208369\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2044-5385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-5385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"MB: Consulting or Advisory Role: Caribou Biosciences; Research Funding: Janssen (Inst), Amgen (Inst), Bristol Myers Squibb\/ Celgene (Inst), Takeda (Inst), Abbvie (Inst), Caribou Biosciences (Inst), and The Binding Site (Inst). KMG: Consulting or Advisory Role: Janssen, Sanofi; Research Funding: Janssen (Inst), Abbvie (Inst), Incyte (Inst), Nexcella (Inst) MUM: Research Funding: Iovance Biotherapeutics (Inst). ZM: Leadership: Hematology Oncology Pharmacists Association; Honoraria: Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, Kite\/Gilead, Genentech, Pfizer, and Sanofi. JPM: Honoraria: Kite, a Gilead company, AlloVir, Nektar, Sana Biotechnology, Bristol Myers Squibb\/Sanofi, Novartis, crispr therapeutics, CARGO Therapeutics, Autolus, Legend Biotech; Consulting or Advisory Role: Kite, a Gilead company, Juno Therapeutics, Allovir, Magenta Therapeutics, EcoR1 Capital, crispr therapeutics, Fosun Kite Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Sanofi US Services, Inc, Novartis, Nektar, Sana. Biotechnology, Inc; Speakers\u2019 Bureau: Kite\/Gilead; Research Funding: Novartis (Inst), Fresenius Biotech (Inst), Astellas Pharma (Inst), Bellicum Pharmaceuticals (Inst), Novartis (Inst), Gamida Cell (Inst), Pluristem Therapeutics (Inst), Kite, a Gilead company (Inst), AlloVir (Inst). PV: Consultancy or Advisory Role: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Karyopharm, Lava Therapeutics, Sanofi, Regeneron, Janssen, GSK; Research Funding: AbbVie, GSK, Janssen, Regeneron. A-OA: Research Funding: Celgene (Inst), Seagen (Inst), AbbVie (Inst), Bristol Myers Squibb\/Medarex (Inst), Sanofi (Inst), GlaxoSmithKline (Inst). Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: PSA vaccine patent. NA: Consulting or Advisory Role: Kite\/Gilead, BMS, Legend Biotech, Invivyd; Research Funding: Kite\/Gilead (Inst). SA: Leadership ACCRU; Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer, Sanofi: Research Funding: GlaxoSmithKline, Amgen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Janssen Oncology (Inst), Celgene\/Bristol Myers Squibb (Inst); Honoraria: Janssen, GSK, Sanofi. AH, AV, AN, ES, HS, DC, CS, KG, and AMK: These authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study protocol (DSP00000618) was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at each participating center. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. A waiver of informed consent was granted by the respective IRBs.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"200"}}