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Unstimulated and stimulated whole-mouth saliva samples (UWS and SWS) were collected before ASCT, 1\u00d7\/wk during the hospitalisation phase, and 3 and 12 months post-ASCT. During the hospitalisation period OM was scored 3\u00d7\/wk (WHO system). Flow rate, pH, total protein concentration (Nanodrop), albumin, lactoferrin, neutrophil defensin-1 (HNP1), total IgA and S100A8\/A9 (ELISA) were determined. Mixed models were used to evaluate differences between ulcerative (u)OM (\u22652 WHO, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) and non-uOM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200931) groups. Until 18 days after ASCT, flow rate, pH, total IgA and HNP1 levels decreased in UWS and\/or SWS, while log lactoferrin levels were significantly increased (UWS: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016 95% CI [0.36, 3.58], SWS: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 95% CI [1.14, 3.29]). Twelve months post-ASCT, salivary protein levels were similar to baseline except for log total IgA, which was higher (UWS: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 95% CI [0.49, 1.29], SWS: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 95% CI [0.72, 1.45]). No differences between uOM and non-uOM groups were observed. Changes in salivary proteins indicated an inflammatory reaction in salivary glands coinciding with mucosal and systemic reactions in response to high-dose melphalan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-020-01185-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T18:03:46Z","timestamp":1610129026000},"page":"1381-1390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Significant salivary changes in relation to oral mucositis following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4522-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. J. M.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5684-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. 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