{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T00:59:18Z","timestamp":1794013158854,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":339,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025J08239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025J08239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bone Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteoporosis, a global health challenge characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, is closely linked to interactions between dietary patterns and gut microbiota (GM). Recent advances in GM research highlight the gut-bone axis as a pivotal focus in osteoporosis studies, revealing that variations in dietary habits and nutrient intake differentially modulate GM composition and metabolic activity, thereby influencing skeletal health. This review synthesizes current evidence on the interplay between dietary practices, GM, and bone health, aiming to identify preventive and therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis management. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of dietary interventions targeting GM modulation as a novel therapeutic approach, advocating for personalized nutritional strategies to improve skeletal health in high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-026-00550-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T08:27:06Z","timestamp":1780561626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The gut-bone axis: impact of diet on gut microbiome and osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinzuo","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5519-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1130-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianlin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nih Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, D. & Therapy Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 285, 785\u2013795 (2001).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785"},{"key":"550_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2","volume":"25","author":"F Cosman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cosman, F. et al. Clinician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 25, 2359\u20132381 (2014).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"550_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X16670154","volume":"8","author":"B Langdahl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langdahl, B., Ferrari, S. & Dempster, D. W. Bone modeling and remodeling: potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. Therapeutic Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis. 8, 225\u2013235 (2016).","journal-title":"Therapeutic Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"550_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563218759371","volume":"55","author":"JS Kenkre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kenkre, J. S. & Bassett, J. The bone remodelling cycle. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 55, 308\u2013327 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"550_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.03.024","volume":"118","author":"LR McCabe","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCabe, L. R. et al. Exercise prevents high fat diet-induced bone loss, marrow adiposity and dysbiosis in male mice. Bone 118, 20\u201331 (2019).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"550_CR6","first-page":"453","volume":"91","author":"TJ Aspray","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aspray, T. J. & Hill, T. R. Osteoporosis and the ageing skeleton. Sub Cell. Biochem. 91, 453\u2013476 (2019).","journal-title":"Sub Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"550_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030523","volume":"14","author":"M Martiniakova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martiniakova, M. et al. The role of macronutrients, micronutrients and flavonoid polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Nutrients 14, 523 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05900-y","volume":"33","author":"MS LeBoff","year":"2022","unstructured":"LeBoff, M. S. et al. The clinician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 33, 2049\u20132102 (2022).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"550_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.10.002","volume":"21","author":"GV Halade","year":"2010","unstructured":"Halade, G. V., Rahman, M. M., Williams, P. J. & Fernandes, G. High fat diet-induced animal model of age-associated obesity and osteoporosis. J. Nutr. Biochem. 21, 1162\u20131169 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"550_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.042","volume":"98","author":"SK Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong, S. K. et al. Osteoporosis is associated with metabolic syndrome induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat diet in a rat model. Biomed. Pharmacother. 98, 191\u2013200 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"550_CR11","first-page":"989","volume":"29","author":"A Romero P\u00e9rez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Romero P\u00e9rez, A. & Rivas Velasco, A. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and bone health. Nutricion Hospitalaria 29, 989\u2013996 (2014).","journal-title":"Nutricion Hospitalaria"},{"key":"550_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1184-x","volume":"15","author":"MC Savanelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Savanelli, M. C. et al. Preliminary results demonstrating the impact of Mediterranean diet on bone health. J. Transl. Med. 15, 81 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"550_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2006.00580.x","volume":"12","author":"AM Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith, A. M. Veganism and osteoporosis: a review of the current literature. Int. J. Nurs. Pract. 12, 302\u2013306 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Pract."},{"key":"550_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.071621","volume":"100","author":"KL Tucker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tucker, K. L. Vegetarian diets and bone status. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 100, 329S\u2013335S (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519860027","volume":"47","author":"M-L Hao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hao, M.-L. et al. Gut microbiota: an overlooked factor that plays a significant role in osteoporosis. J. Int. Med. Res. 47, 4095\u20134103 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"550_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115317","volume":"135","author":"J Behera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Behera, J., Ison, J., Tyagi, S. C. & Tyagi, N. The role of gut microbiota in bone homeostasis. Bone 135, 115317 (2020).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"550_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2021.101065","volume":"14","author":"M Castaneda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castaneda, M., Smith, K. M., Nixon, J. C., Hernandez, C. J. & Rowan, S. Alterations to the gut microbiome impair bone tissue strength in aged mice. Bone Rep. 14, 101065 (2021).","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"key":"550_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86062","volume":"126","author":"J-Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, J.-Y. et al. Sex steroid deficiency-associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics. J. Clin. Investig. 126, 2049\u20132063 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"550_CR19","first-page":"46","volume":"37","author":"Y-W Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.-W. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates bone loss in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via modulating gut microbiota and metabolic function. J. Orthop. Transl. 37, 46\u201360 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"550_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00911-7","volume":"110","author":"N Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, N., Ma, S. & Fu, L. Gut microbiota dysbiosis as one cause of osteoporosis by impairing intestinal barrier function. Calcif. Tissue Int. 110, 225\u2013235 (2022).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"550_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19032","volume":"6","author":"A Agus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agus, A. et al. Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to adherent-invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. Sci. Rep. 6, 19032 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00047","volume":"6","author":"A Tomova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tomova, A. et al. The effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on gut microbiota. Front. Nutr. 6, 47 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0297332","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297332","volume":"19","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. Association of dietary carbohydrate and fiber ratio with postmenopausal bone mineral density and prevalence of osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study. PLOS One 19, e0297332 (2024).","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"550_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3308","volume":"33","author":"Z Dai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dai, Z. et al. Association between dietary fiber intake and bone loss in the Framingham offspring study. J. Bone Min. Res. 33, 241\u2013249 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"550_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22081","volume":"45","author":"Y Yao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Cai, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, M. & Zheng, C. Estrogen deficiency-mediated osteoimmunity in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Med. Res. Rev. 45, 561\u2013575 (2025).","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"550_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62349-5","volume":"377","author":"TD Rachner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rachner, T. D., Khosla, S. & Hofbauer, L. C. New horizons in osteoporosis. Lancet 377, 1276\u20131287 (2011).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"550_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.69","volume":"2","author":"R Eastell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eastell, R. et al. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 2, 16069 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"550_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy073","volume":"10","author":"R Fabiani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fabiani, R., Naldini, G. & Chiavarini, M. Dietary patterns in relation to low bone mineral density and fracture risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv. Nutr. 10, 219\u2013236 (2019).","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4835","volume":"38","author":"G Vahidi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vahidi, G. et al. Germ-free C57BL\/6 mice have increased bone mass and altered matrix properties but not decreased bone fracture resistance. J. Bone Miner. Res. 38, 1154\u20131174 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"550_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15772","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115772","volume":"24","author":"IV Zhivodernikov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhivodernikov, I. V., Kirichenko, T. V., Markina, Y. V., Postnov, A. Y. & Markin, A. M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of osteoporosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 15772 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687037","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.687037","volume":"12","author":"Y Saxena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saxena, Y., Routh, S. & Mukhopadhaya, A. Immunoporosis: Role of innate immune cells in osteoporosis. Front. Immunol. 12, 687037 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.2174\/0113862073262645231121025911","volume":"27","author":"X Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Association between postmenopausal osteoporosis and IL-6, TNF-\u03b1: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Combinatorial Chem. High. Throughput Screen. 27, 2260\u20132266 (2024).","journal-title":"Combinatorial Chem. High. Throughput Screen."},{"key":"550_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2295432","volume":"16","author":"YW Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. W. et al. Diets intervene osteoporosis via gut-bone axis. Gut Microbes 16, 2295432 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"550_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13122271","volume":"13","author":"WL Guaran\u00e1","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guaran\u00e1, W. L., Lima, C. A. D., Barbosa, A. D., Crovella, S. & Sandrin-Garcia, P. Can polymorphisms in NLRP3 inflammasome complex be associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis severity? Genes 13, 2271 (2022).","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"550_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.752546","volume":"12","author":"N Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang, N. et al. NLRP3 inflammasome: a new target for prevention and control of osteoporosis? Front. Endocrinol. 12, 752546 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"550_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3450","volume":"5","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Diversity analysis of gut microbiota in osteoporosis and osteopenia patients. PeerJ 5, e3450 (2017).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"550_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1588","volume":"27","author":"K Sj\u00f6gren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gren, K. et al. The gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice. J. Bone Miner. Res. 27, 1357\u20131367 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"550_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1944975","volume":"63","author":"D Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, D. et al. Dietary interventions for better management of osteoporosis: an overview. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 63, 125\u2013144 (2023).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5812","volume":"362","author":"CL Gentile","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gentile, C. L. & Weir, T. L. The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health. Science 362, 776\u2013780 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"550_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy182","volume":"24","author":"L Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou, L. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii produces butyrate to maintain Th17\/Treg balance and to ameliorate colorectal colitis by inhibiting histone deacetylase 1. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 24, 1926\u20131940 (2018).","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"550_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8817421","volume":"2021","author":"A Wallimann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wallimann, A. et al. Butyrate inhibits osteoclast activity in vitro and regulates systemic inflammation and bone healing in a murine osteotomy model compared to antibiotic-treated mice. Mediat Inflamm. 2021, 8817421 (2021).","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm."},{"key":"550_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128521","volume":"129","author":"MM Zaiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaiss, M. M., Jones, R. M., Schett, G. & Pacifici, R. The gut-bone axis: How bacterial metabolites bridge the distance. J. Clin. Invest. 129, 3018\u20133028 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"550_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202004831","volume":"8","author":"J-H Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, J.-H. et al. Extracellular vesicles from child gut microbiota enter into bone to preserve bone mass and strength. Adv. Sci. 8, 2004831 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02664F","volume":"12","author":"J Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao, J., Wu, Y. & Ren, Y. The impact of a high fat diet on bones: potential mechanisms. Food Funct. 12, 963\u2013975 (2021).","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"550_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00530-8","volume":"10","author":"L Grahnemo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grahnemo, L. et al. Associations between gut microbiota and incident fractures in the FINRISK cohort. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 10, 69 (2024).","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"550_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.846155","volume":"13","author":"GT Patterson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patterson, G. T. et al. Pathologic inflammation in malnutrition is driven by proinflammatory intestinal microbiota, large intestine barrier dysfunction, and translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Front. Immunol. 13, 846155 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13959","volume":"175","author":"S Subramaniam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Subramaniam, S. & Fletcher, C. Trimethylamine N-oxide: breathe new life. Br. J. Pharm. 175, 1344\u20131353 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharm."},{"key":"550_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-5307","volume":"8","author":"H Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, H. et al. The role of gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide in functional impairment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporosis disease. Ann. Transl. Med. 8, 1009 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"550_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.220103","volume":"146","author":"S Rohrmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rohrmann, S., Linseisen, J., Allenspach, M., von Eckardstein, A. & Muller, D. Plasma concentrations of trimethylamine-N-oxide are directly associated with dairy food consumption and low-grade inflammation in a German adult population. J. Nutr. 146, 283\u2013289 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23471","volume":"34","author":"C Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. The role of Bacillus acidophilus in osteoporosis and its roles in proliferation and differentiation. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 34, e23471 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"550_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17730","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c03218","volume":"72","author":"W He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He, W., Bertram, H. C., Yin, J.-Y. & Nie, S.-P. Lactobacilli and their fermented foods as a promising strategy for enhancing bone mineral density: a review. J. Agric. Food Chem. 72, 17730\u201317745 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"550_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14852","volume":"130","author":"CS Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, C. S. et al. Lactobacillus-fermented milk products attenuate bone loss in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy-induced post-menopausal primary osteoporosis. J. Appl. Microbiol. 130, 2041\u20132062 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128047","volume":"293","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Androgen deficiency-induced loss of Lactobacillus salivarius extracellular vesicles is associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Microbiol. Res. 293, 128047 (2025).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"550_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1041647","volume":"13","author":"X Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, X. et al. Effect of Lactobacillus casei fermented milk on fracture healing in osteoporotic mice. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 1041647 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"550_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113174","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1113174","volume":"14","author":"D Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, D., Wang, J., Zeng, Y., Li, Q. & Wang, Y. Identifying microbial signatures for patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis using gut microbiota analyses and feature selection approaches. Front. Microbiol. 14, 1113174 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-024-01260-x","volume":"115","author":"T Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, T., Meng, F., Wang, N., Hao, Y. & Fu, L. The characteristics of gut microbiota and its relation with diet in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif. Tissue Int. 115, 393\u2013404 (2024).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"550_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8583","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103168","volume":"12","author":"J He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, J. et al. Gut microbiota and metabolite alterations associated with reduced bone mineral density or bone metabolic indexes in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Aging 12, 8583\u20138604 (2020).","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"550_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez302","volume":"58","author":"M Das","year":"2019","unstructured":"Das, M. et al. Gut microbiota alterations associated with reduced bone mineral density in older adults. Rheumatology 58, 2295\u20132304 (2019).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"550_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3852","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab492","volume":"106","author":"C-W Ling","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ling, C.-W. et al. The association of gut microbiota with osteoporosis is mediated by amino acid metabolism: Multiomics in a large cohort. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106, e3852\u2013e3864 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"550_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.104186","volume":"15","author":"C Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu, C. et al. Exercise ameliorates osteopenia in mice via intestinal microbial-mediated bile acid metabolism pathway. Theranostics 15, 1741\u20131759 (2025).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"550_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10795","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103293","volume":"12","author":"S Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, S., Qin, J., Hao, Y. & Fu, L. Association of gut microbiota composition and function with an aged rat model of senile osteoporosis using 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing analysis. Aging 12, 10795\u201310808 (2020).","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"550_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1373013","volume":"15","author":"N Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, N. et al. Genus_Ruminococcus and order_Burkholderiales affect osteoporosis by regulating the microbiota-gut-bone axis. Front. Microbiol. 15, 1373013 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab194","volume":"114","author":"Z Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. An emerging role of Prevotella histicola on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss through the gut microbiota-bone axis in postmenopausal women and in ovariectomized mice. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 114, 1304\u20131313 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11040950","volume":"11","author":"Y-W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.-W. et al. The preventive effects of probiotic Prevotella histicola on the bone loss of mice with ovariectomy-mediated osteoporosis. Microorganisms 11, 950 (2023).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"550_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2492378","volume":"17","author":"L Sapra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sapra, L. et al. Bacillus coagulans ameliorates inflammatory bone loss in post-menopausal osteoporosis via modulating the \u201cgut-immune-bone\u201d axis. Gut Microbes 17, 2492378 (2025).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"550_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11030359","volume":"11","author":"J Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. Anti-osteoporotic effect of Lactobacillus brevis AR281 in an ovariectomized mouse model mediated by inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Biology 11, 359 (2022).","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"550_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02927-5","volume":"23","author":"Z Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang, Z. et al. The potential of Klebsiella and Escherichia-shigella and amino acids metabolism to monitor patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis in northwest China. BMC Microbiol. 23, 199 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81500-0","volume":"14","author":"Y-J Shin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shin, Y.-J., Ma, X., Joo, M.-K., Baek, J.-S. & Kim, D.-H. Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium bifidum alleviate postmenopausal symptoms by suppressing NF-\u03baB signaling and microbiota dysbiosis. Sci. Rep. 14, 31675 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.01039-24","volume":"10","author":"H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Bifidobacterium longum increases serum vitamin D metabolite levels and modulates intestinal flora to alleviate osteoporosis in mice. Msphere 10, e0103924 (2025).","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"key":"550_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1665101","volume":"16","author":"Y Gong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gong, Y. et al. Akkermansia muciniphila and osteoporosis: emerging role of gut microbiota in skeletal homeostasis. Front. Microbiol. 16, 1665101 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-025-02244-0","volume":"21","author":"H Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. Exploring the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and intestinal fungal communities and their metabolites in postmenopausal Chinese women. Metabolomics 21, 45 (2025).","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"550_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508634","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1508634","volume":"16","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Therapeutic effects of Isaria felina on postmenopausal osteoporosis: modulation of gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune responses. Front. Immunol. 16, 1508634 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2437250","volume":"16","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Alterations of gut virome with close interaction in the progression of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. Gut Microbes 16, 2437250 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"550_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309957","volume":"65","author":"F De Filippis","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Filippis, F. et al. High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome. Gut 65, 1812\u20131821 (2016).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"550_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0093-2","volume":"43","author":"MF Hjorth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hjorth, M. F. et al. Prevotella-to-bacteroides ratio predicts body weight and fat loss success on 24-week diets varying in macronutrient composition and dietary fiber: results from a post-hoc analysis. Int. J. Obes. (2005) 43, 149\u2013157 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (2005)"},{"key":"550_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","volume":"505","author":"LA David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David, L. A. et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature 505, 559\u2013563 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"550_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00028","volume":"5","author":"R Nagpal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nagpal, R. et al. Gut microbiome composition in non-human primates consuming a Western or Mediterranean diet. Front. Nutr. 5, 28 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40554","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000040554","volume":"103","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids signatures in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients: A retrospective study. Medicine 103, e40554 (2024).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"550_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1493560","volume":"16","author":"Y Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong, Y. et al. Modulation of the gut-bone axis: Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LC86 improves bone health via anti-inflammatory metabolic pathways in zebrafish models of osteoporosis and cartilage damage. Front. Immunol. 16, 1493560 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119138","volume":"270","author":"I Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ali, I. et al. Sodium propionate protect the blood-milk barrier integrity, relieve lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury and cells apoptosis. Life Sci. 270, 119138 (2021).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"550_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6356","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176356","volume":"21","author":"J He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, J. et al. Short-chain fatty acids and their association with signalling pathways in inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 6356 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0203657","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203657","volume":"13","author":"J Shimizu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shimizu, J. et al. Propionate-producing bacteria in the intestine may associate with skewed responses of IL10-producing regulatory T cells in patients with relapsing polychondritis. PLoS One 13, e0203657 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"550_CR83","first-page":"46","volume":"9","author":"YL Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, Y. L. et al. Propionate and butyrate attenuate macrophage pyroptosis and osteoclastogenesis induced by CoCrMo alloy particles. Mil. Med. Res. 9, 46 (2022).","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"550_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm1511","volume":"8","author":"J He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, J. et al. Intestinal butyrate-metabolizing species contribute to autoantibody production and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci. Adv. 8, eabm1511 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"550_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00685-5","volume":"22","author":"K Minton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minton, K. Intestinal barrier protection. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 22, 144\u2013145 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR86","first-page":"293","volume":"51","author":"B Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tian, B. et al. Tryptophan-producing bacteria to mitigate osteoporosis and intestinal dysfunction. Bioact. Mater. 51, 293\u2013305 (2025).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"550_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202404545","volume":"11","author":"C Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. Microbial tryptophan metabolites ameliorate ovariectomy-induced bone loss by repairing intestinal AhR-mediated gut-bone signaling pathway. Adv. Sci. 11, e2404545 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2190304","volume":"15","author":"M Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, M. et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating the Th17\/treg balance and gut microbiota structure. Gut Microbes 15, 2190304 (2023).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"550_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02218K","volume":"13","author":"H Lan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lan, H. et al. Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 protects mice with osteoporosis caused by colitis via gut inflammation and gut microbiota regulation. Food Funct. 13, 1482\u20131494 (2022).","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"550_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.804210","volume":"9","author":"J-H Jhong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jhong, J.-H. et al. Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 exerts antiosteoporotic effects by restoring the gut microbiota dysbiosis in ovariectomized mice. Front. Nutr. 9, 804210 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303015","volume":"10","author":"Z Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Z. et al. Neuropeptide Y-mediated gut microbiota alterations aggravate postmenopausal osteoporosis. Adv. Sci. 10, e2303015 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1175-y","volume":"15","author":"RK Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh, R. K. et al. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J. Transl. Med. 15, 73 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"550_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047713","volume":"7","author":"K-A Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, K.-A., Gu, W., Lee, I.-A., Joh, E.-H. & Kim, D.-H. High fat diet-induced gut microbiota exacerbates inflammation and obesity in mice via the TLR4 signaling pathway. PLOS One 7, e47713 (2012).","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"550_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.10.016","volume":"26","author":"CA Thaiss","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thaiss, C. A., Levy, M., Suez, J. & Elinav, E. The interplay between the innate immune system and the microbiota. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 26, 41\u201348 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005963107","volume":"107","author":"C De Filippo","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Filippo, C. et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 14691\u201314696 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"550_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03374-w","volume":"19","author":"F Di Vincenzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Vincenzo, F., Del Gaudio, A., Petito, V., Lopetuso, L. R. & Scaldaferri, F. Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review. Intern. Emerg. Med. 19, 275\u2013293 (2024).","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"550_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G440","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2010","volume":"299","author":"CB de La Serre","year":"2010","unstructured":"de La Serre, C. B. et al. Propensity to high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats is associated with changes in the gut microbiota and gut inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 299, G440\u2013G448 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"550_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00036.2016","volume":"97","author":"K Okamoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okamoto, K. et al. Osteoimmunology: the conceptual framework unifying the immune and skeletal systems. Physiol. Rev. 97, 1295\u20131349 (2017).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"550_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10633","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103283","volume":"12","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide are related with hip fracture in postmenopausal women: a matched case-control study. Aging 12, 10633\u201310641 (2020).","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"550_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9348","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102376","volume":"11","author":"L Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Fructus ligustri lucidi preserves bone quality through the regulation of gut microbiota diversity, oxidative stress, TMAO and Sirt6 levels in aging mice. Aging 11, 9348\u20139368 (2019).","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"550_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.08.001","volume":"46","author":"A Nowi\u0144ski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nowi\u0144ski, A. & Ufnal, M. Trimethylamine N-oxide: a harmful, protective or diagnostic marker in lifestyle diseases? Nutrition 46, 7\u201312 (2018).","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"550_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.104638","volume":"139","author":"L Peng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peng, L., Li, Z.-R., Green, R. S., Holzman, I. R. & Lin, J. Butyrate enhances the intestinal barrier by facilitating tight junction assembly via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J. Nutr. 139, 1619\u20131625 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3100858","volume":"3","author":"MAR Vinolo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vinolo, M. A. R., Rodrigues, H. G., Nachbar, R. T. & Curi, R. Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids. Nutrients 3, 858\u2013876 (2011).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700105","volume":"199","author":"L Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, L. et al. Microbial-derived butyrate promotes epithelial barrier function through IL-10 receptor-dependent repression of claudin-2. J. Immunol. 199, 2976\u20132984 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.10.013","volume":"49","author":"AM Tyagi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tyagi, A. M. et al. The microbial metabolite butyrate stimulates bone formation via T regulatory cell-mediated regulation of WNT10B expression. Immunity 49, 1116\u20131131.e1117 (2018).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"550_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80536-2","volume":"11","author":"L Sapra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sapra, L. et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates bone loss and maintains bone health by skewing treg-Th17 cell balance in OVX mice. Sci. Rep. 11, 1807 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2018.02.001","volume":"8","author":"HY Dar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dar, H. Y. et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits bone loss and increases bone heterogeneity in osteoporotic mice via modulating treg-Th17 cell balance. Bone Rep. 8, 46\u201356 (2018).","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"key":"550_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103378","volume":"13","author":"F Bellerba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bellerba, F. et al. The association between vitamin D and gut microbiota: a systematic review of human studies. Nutrients 13, 3378 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109201","volume":"133","author":"C Raveschot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raveschot, C. et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus strains from Mongolia improve calcium transport and uptake by intestinal cells in vitro. Food Res. Int. 133, 109201 (2020).","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"550_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.11.001","volume":"62","author":"T Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, T. et al. The regulatory roles of dietary fibers on host health via gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids. Curr. Opin. Pharm. 62, 36\u201342 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharm."},{"key":"550_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092211","volume":"15","author":"W Fusco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fusco, W. et al. Short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria: key components of the human gut microbiota. Nutrients 15, 2211 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120006916","volume":"80","author":"C Martin-Gallausiaux","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin-Gallausiaux, C., Marinelli, L., Blotti\u00e8re, H. M., Larraufie, P. & Lapaque, N. SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 80, 37\u201349 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"550_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111001","volume":"124","author":"H Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. The metabolite butyrate produced by gut microbiota inhibits cachexia-associated skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating intestinal barrier function and macrophage polarization. Int. Immunopharmacol. 124, 111001 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"550_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10714-w","volume":"52","author":"J Lv","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lv, J. et al. Role of the intestinal flora-immunity axis in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-mechanisms regulating short-chain fatty acids and Th17\/treg homeostasis. Mol. Biol. Rep. 52, 617 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1854675","volume":"62","author":"Y Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, Y. et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in immunity, inflammation and metabolism. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 62, 1\u201312 (2022).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.104925","volume":"104","author":"Z Zulfiqar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zulfiqar, Z. et al. Zinc glycine supplementation improves bone quality in meat geese by modulating gut microbiota, SCFA\u2019s, and gut barrier function through Wnt10b\/NF-\u03baB axis. Poult. Sci. 104, 104925 (2025).","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2015.09.003","volume":"115","author":"WJ Dahl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dahl, W. J. & Stewart, M. L. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: health implications of dietary fiber. J. Acad. Nutr. Dietetics 115, 1861\u20131870 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Dietetics"},{"key":"550_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02612.x","volume":"77","author":"LL Legette","year":"2012","unstructured":"Legette, L. L. et al. Prebiotics enhance magnesium absorption and inulin-based fibers exert chronic effects on calcium utilization in a postmenopausal rodent model. J. Food Sci. 77, H88\u2013H94 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"550_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.2.471","volume":"82","author":"SA Abrams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abrams, S. A. et al. A combination of prebiotic short- and long-chain inulin-type fructans enhances calcium absorption and bone mineralization in young adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82, 471\u2013476 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17091513","volume":"17","author":"R Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, R. et al. Dietary fiber intake improves osteoporosis caused by chronic lead exposure by restoring the gut-bone axis. Nutrients 17, 1513 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2019.26.3.151","volume":"26","author":"T Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, T. & Suh, H. S. Associations between dietary fiber intake and bone mineral density in adult Korean population: analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011. J. Bone Metab. 26, 151\u2013160 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Bone Metab."},{"key":"550_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35566","volume":"10","author":"R Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, R. et al. Association of dietary carbohydrate intake with bone mineral density, osteoporosis and fractures among adults without diabetes: evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Heliyon 10, e35566 (2024).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"550_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.132761","volume":"104","author":"SA Jakeman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jakeman, S. A. et al. Soluble corn fiber increases bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women in a dose-dependent manner: a randomized crossover trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 104, 837\u2013843 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100883","volume":"66","author":"W He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, W. et al. Effects of calcium source, inulin, and lactose on gut-bone associations in an ovarierectomized rat model. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 66, e2100883 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"550_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01670.x","volume":"56","author":"L Bravo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bravo, L. Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutr. Rev. 56, 317\u2013333 (1998).","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"550_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061141","volume":"12","author":"D Be\u0161lo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Be\u0161lo, D. et al. Antioxidant activity, metabolism, and bioavailability of polyphenols in the diet of animals. Antioxidants 12, 1141 (2023).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"550_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020275","volume":"17","author":"M Martiniakova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martiniakova, M. et al. Protective role of dietary polyphenols in the management and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrients 17, 275 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21985","volume":"44","author":"MA Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah, M. A. et al. The entrancing role of dietary polyphenols against the most frequent aging-associated diseases. Med. Res. Rev. 44, 235\u2013274 (2024).","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"550_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10009","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2219763","volume":"64","author":"Y Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin, Y., Martinez, R., Zhang, W. & Estevez, M. Crosstalk between dietary pomegranate and gut microbiota: evidence of health benefits. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 64, 10009\u201310035 (2024).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010045","volume":"24","author":"MC Rodriguez-Daza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Daza, M. C. & de Vos, W. M. Polyphenols as drivers of a homeostatic gut microecology and immuno-metabolic traits of Akkermansia muciniphila: from mouse to man. Int J. Mol. Sci. 24, 45 (2022).","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020188","volume":"10","author":"M Makarewicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Makarewicz, M., Drozdz, I., Tarko, T. & Duda-Chodak, A. The interactions between polyphenols and microorganisms, especially gut microbiota. Antioxidants 10, 188 (2021).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"550_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15040266","volume":"15","author":"LE Wright","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wright, L. E., Frye, J. B., Kunihiro, A. G., Timmermann, B. N. & Funk, J. L. Comparative effects of turmeric secondary metabolites across resorptive bone diseases. Metabolites 15, 266 (2025).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"550_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4115","volume":"35","author":"RH Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong, R. H., Thaung Zaw, J. J., Xian, C. J. & Howe, P. R. Regular supplementation with resveratrol improves bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Bone Miner. Res. 35, 2121\u20132131 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"550_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-024-01859-2","volume":"79","author":"L Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo, L. et al. Ellagic acid prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss and attenuates oxidative damage of osteoblasts by activating SIRT1. J. Nat. Med. 79, 371\u2013380 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"550_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17111418","volume":"17","author":"M Settino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Settino, M. et al. Zibibbo grape seeds\u2019 polyphenolic profile: effects on bone turnover and metabolism. Pharmaceuticals 17, 1418 (2024).","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"550_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2016.41","volume":"5","author":"AN Panche","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. D. & Chandra, S. R. Flavonoids: an overview. J. Nutr. Sci. 5, e47 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20700-9","volume":"24","author":"P Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao, P. et al. The association between dietary flavonoid intake and bone mineral density and osteoporosis in US adults: Data from NHANES 2007-2008, 2009-2010 and 2017-2018. BMC Public Health 24, 3168 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"550_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.70.262","volume":"70","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanaka, T., Umehara, K., Tanaka, K., Moriyama, T. & Kawamura, Y. Dietary puerarin translocates to femur and suppresses osteoclast differentiation in ovariectomized mice. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 70, 262\u2013272 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"550_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1389638","volume":"11","author":"AMR Simpson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simpson, A. M. R. et al. Gut microbes differ in postmenopausal women responding to prunes to maintain hip bone mineral density. Front. Nutr. 11, 1389638 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1324649","volume":"11","author":"NJ Chargo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chargo, N. J. et al. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is prevented by dietary prune in female mice. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 11, 1324649 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"550_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712608","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.712608","volume":"12","author":"EA Miles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miles, E. A. & Calder, P. C. Effects of citrus fruit juices and their bioactive components on inflammation and immunity: a narrative review. Front. Immunol. 12, 712608 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002814","volume":"12","author":"AM van der Walt","year":"2009","unstructured":"van der Walt, A. M., Ibrahim, M. I., Bezuidenhout, C. C. & Loots du, T. Linolenic acid and folate in wild-growing African dark leafy vegetables (morogo). Public Health Nutr. 12, 525\u2013530 (2009).","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07605-9","volume":"25","author":"L Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Deng, W., Wu, Q., Pan, Y. & Huang, H. Association between dietary folate intake and the risk of osteoporosis in adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 25, 487 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"550_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4070","volume":"12","author":"YW Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. W. et al. Linking the relationship between dietary folic acid intake and risk of osteoporosis among middle-aged and older people: a nationwide population-based study. Food Sci. Nutr. 12, 4110\u20134121 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04188-4","volume":"18","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Luo, H., Xu, W. & Xue, Q. Association between dietary folate intake and bone mineral density in a diverse population: a cross-sectional study. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 18, 684 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"550_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.791880","volume":"9","author":"H He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He, H. et al. Folic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced osteoporosis through the AMPK signaling pathway. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 791880 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"550_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13625","volume":"174","author":"A Milani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Milani, A., Basirnejad, M., Shahbazi, S. & Bolhassani, A. Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. Br. J. Pharmacol. 174, 1290 (2016).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"550_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2019.158580","volume":"1865","author":"J von Lintig","year":"2020","unstructured":"von Lintig, J., Moon, J., Lee, J. & Ramkumar, S. Carotenoid metabolism at the intestinal barrier. Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1865, 158580 (2020).","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"550_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06593-7","volume":"34","author":"SS Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao, S. S. & Zhao, Y. The effects of \u03b2-carotene on osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos. Int. 34, 627\u2013639 (2023).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"550_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244271","volume":"16","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanaka, Y. et al. Lutein maintains bone mass in vitro and in vivo against disuse-induced bone loss in hindlimb-unloaded mice. Nutrients 16, 4271 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041149","volume":"13","author":"D Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, D., Han, A. & Park, Y. Association of dietary total antioxidant capacity with bone mass and osteoporosis risk in Korean women: analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition examination survey 2008-2011. Nutrients 13, 1149 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114525000443","volume":"133","author":"TA Dutra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dutra, T. A. et al. Diet\u2019s total antioxidant capacity and women\u2019s health: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Nutr. 133, 1404\u20131417 (2025).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13080940","volume":"13","author":"A Tijerina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tijerina, A. et al. Plasma antioxidant capacity is related to dietary intake, body composition, and stage of reproductive aging in women. Antioxidants 13, 940 (2024).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"550_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108998","volume":"110","author":"Q Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, Q. et al. Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and postmenopausal osteoporosis: mechanisms and applications. Int. Immunopharmacol. 110, 108998 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"550_CR155","first-page":"11","volume":"14","author":"SA Sarasia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarasia, S. A. Investigating the relationship between physical activity, diet and osteoporosis treatment (Study of postmenopausal women). Int. J. Med. Pharm. Sci. 14, 11\u201318 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609442","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1609442","volume":"12","author":"J Sui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sui, J., Yin, H., Zhang, L. & Li, J. The impact of high-quality dietary patterns on the prevention of osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Front. Nutr. 12, 1609442 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","volume":"165","author":"A Koh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koh, A., De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P. & Backhed, F. From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. Cell 165, 1332\u20131345 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"550_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290756","volume":"8","author":"HD Holscher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holscher, H. D. Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes 8, 172\u2013184 (2017).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"550_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19611","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA02464A","volume":"7","author":"T Fang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fang, T. et al. Effects of dietary fiber on the antioxidant capacity, immune status, and antioxidant-relative signaling molecular gene expression in rat organs. RSC Adv. 7, 19611\u201319620 (2017).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"550_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02089-6","volume":"15","author":"M Hossain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hossain, M., Sultana, T., Moon, J. E., Moon, G.-S. & Jeong, J. H. Anti-osteoporotic potential of a probiotic mixture containing Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Weissella cibaria in ovariectomized rats. Sci. Rep. 15, 18586 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123541","volume":"358","author":"B Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng, B., Feng, H., Li, C., Jia, F. & Zhang, X. The mutual effect of dietary fiber and polyphenol on gut microbiota: Implications for the metabolic and microbial modulation and associated health benefits. Carbohydr. Polym. 358, 123541 (2025).","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"550_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12173315","volume":"12","author":"F Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, F. et al. Effects of fermentation on bioactivity and the composition of polyphenols contained in polyphenol-rich foods: a review. Foods 12, 3315 (2023).","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"550_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03543-4","volume":"22","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. et al. Vitamin A carotenoids, but not retinoids, mediate the impact of a healthy diet on gut microbial diversity. BMC Med. 22, 321 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"550_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.06.011","volume":"30","author":"M Bonakdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonakdar, M. et al. Gut commensals expand vitamin A metabolic capacity of the mammalian host. Cell Host Microbe 30, 1084\u20131092 e1085 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"550_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2012.08.005","volume":"24","author":"JG LeBlanc","year":"2013","unstructured":"LeBlanc, J. G. et al. Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: a gut microbiota perspective. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 24, 160\u2013168 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"550_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3010118","volume":"3","author":"M Rossi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rossi, M., Amaretti, A. & Raimondi, S. Folate production by probiotic bacteria. Nutrients 3, 118\u2013134 (2011).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.341","volume":"81","author":"L Cordain","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cordain, L. et al. Origins and evolution of the western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81, 341\u2013354 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR168","first-page":"97","volume":"66","author":"K Okr\u0119glicka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Okr\u0119glicka, K. Health effects of changes in the structure of dietary macronutrients intake in Western societies. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakl. Hig. 66, 97\u2013105 (2015).","journal-title":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakl. Hig."},{"key":"550_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082795","volume":"13","author":"A Beam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beam, A., Clinger, E. & Hao, L. Effect of diet and dietary components on the composition of the gut microbiota. Nutrients 13, 2795 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.007","volume":"151","author":"JK Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan, J. K., Macia, L. & Mackay, C. R. Dietary fiber and SCFAs in the regulation of mucosal immunity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 151, 361\u2013370 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"550_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab252","volume":"151","author":"H Aslam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aslam, H. et al. Gut microbiome diversity and composition are associated with habitual dairy intakes: a cross-sectional study in men. J. Nutr. 151, 3400\u20133412 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.109537","volume":"22","author":"S-J Xing","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xing, S.-J. et al. Integrated phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses of osteoporosis in type 2 diabetic mice. Int. J. Med. Sci. 22, 1773\u20131790 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08725-6","volume":"26","author":"Y Qiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qiao, Y. et al. High-fat diet-induced osteoporosis in mice under hypoxic conditions. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 26, 487 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"550_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.788576","volume":"11","author":"L Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu, L. et al. Gut microbiota and serum metabolic signatures of high-fat-induced bone loss in mice. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 11, 788576 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-022-01194-7","volume":"18","author":"C Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, C. et al. Associations between body composition, physical activity, and diet and radial bone microarchitecture in older adults: a 10-year population-based study. Arch. Osteoporos. 18, 9 (2022).","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"550_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.019992","volume":"94","author":"SJ Fairweather-Tait","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fairweather-Tait, S. J. et al. Diet and bone mineral density study in postmenopausal women from the TwinsUK registry shows a negative association with a traditional English dietary pattern and a positive association with wine. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 94, 1371\u20131375 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013326","volume":"8","author":"EZ Movassagh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Movassagh, E. Z. & Vatanparast, H. Current evidence on the association of dietary patterns and bone health: a scoping review. Adv. Nutr. 8, 1\u201316 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00584-3","volume":"105","author":"A Abdelhamid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdelhamid, A. et al. The relationship between omega-3, omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fat and musculoskeletal health and functional status in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Calcif. Tissue Int. 105, 353\u2013372 (2019).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"550_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-260083","volume":"116","author":"J Tsay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsay, J. et al. Bone loss caused by iron overload in a murine model: importance of oxidative stress. Blood 116, 2582\u20132589 (2010).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"550_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115736","volume":"143","author":"K Martyniak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martyniak, K. et al. Do polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against bone loss in our aging and osteoporotic population? Bone 143, 115736 (2021).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"550_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.10.1807","volume":"128","author":"L Tjaderhane","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tjaderhane, L. & Larmas, M. A high sucrose diet decreases the mechanical strength of bones in growing rats. J. Nutr. 128, 1807\u20131810 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.11.080","volume":"522","author":"L Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, L., Liu, J., Shan, Q., Geng, G. & Shao, P. High glucose inhibits proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast in alveolar bone by inducing pyroptosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 522, 471\u2013478 (2020).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"550_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1012459","volume":"18","author":"NU Nguyen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nguyen, N. U., Dumoulin, G., Wolf, J. P., Bourderont, D. & Berthelay, S. Urinary oxalate and calcium excretion in response to oral glucose load in man. Horm. Metab. Res 18, 869\u2013870 (1986).","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res"},{"key":"550_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02549499","volume":"20","author":"J Gluszek","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gluszek, J. The effect of glucose intake on urine saturation with calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid and sodium urate. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 20, 657\u2013664 (1988).","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"550_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1303","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00582.2012","volume":"304","author":"V Douard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Douard, V. et al. Excessive fructose intake causes 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-dependent inhibition of intestinal and renal calcium transport in growing rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 304, E1303\u2013E1313 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"550_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.01.020","volume":"42","author":"E Tsanzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsanzi, E., Light, H. R. & Tou, J. C. The effect of feeding different sugar-sweetened beverages to growing female Sprague-Dawley rats on bone mass and strength. Bone 42, 960\u2013968 (2008).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"550_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-021-00698-1","volume":"20","author":"H Ahn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahn, H. & Park, Y. K. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr. J. 20, 41 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"550_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.11.002","volume":"63","author":"JI Felice","year":"2014","unstructured":"Felice, J. I., Gangoiti, M. V., Molinuevo, M. S., McCarthy, A. D. & Cortizo, A. M. Effects of a metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose-rich diet on bone metabolism in rats. Metab. Clin. Exp. 63, 296\u2013305 (2014).","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"550_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01580-w","volume":"20","author":"M Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong, M. et al. Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles: Nanomaterials to promote bone formation. J. Nanobiotechnol. 20, 370 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"550_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12707","volume":"20","author":"T Bu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bu, T., Zheng, J., Liu, L., Li, S. & Wu, J. Milk proteins and their derived peptides on bone health: Biological functions, mechanisms, and prospects. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 20, 2234\u20132262 (2021).","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"550_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7752","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17501","volume":"103","author":"B Yun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yun, B. et al. Short communication: Dietary bovine milk-derived exosomes improve bone health in an osteoporosis-induced mouse model. J. Dairy Sci. 103, 7752\u20137760 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"550_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-022-00781-1","volume":"21","author":"CL Millar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Millar, C. L., Kiel, D. P., Hannan, M. T. & Sahni, S. Dairy food intake is not associated with spinal trabecular bone score in men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Nutr. J. 21, 26 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"550_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0613","volume":"11","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Lactulose suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ameliorates estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice. Aging Dis. 11, 629\u2013641 (2020).","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"550_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9060082","volume":"9","author":"T Ishizu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ishizu, T., Takai, E., Torii, S. & Taguchi, M. Prebiotic food intake may improve bone resorption in Japanese female athletes: a pilot study. Sports 9, 82 (2021).","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"550_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.245","volume":"76","author":"KL Tucker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tucker, K. L. et al. Bone mineral density and dietary patterns in older adults: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 245\u2013252 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154767","volume":"119","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. et al. FOS\/GOS attenuates high-fat diet induced bone loss via reversing microbiota dysbiosis, high intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation in mice. Metab., Clin. Exp. 119, 154767 (2021).","journal-title":"Metab., Clin. Exp."},{"key":"550_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13333","volume":"290","author":"M Guasch-Ferr\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guasch-Ferr\u00e9, M. & Willett, W. C. The Mediterranean diet and health: a comprehensive overview. J. Intern. Med. 290, 549\u2013566 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"550_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-022-00481-1","volume":"11","author":"G Muscogiuri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muscogiuri, G. et al. Mediterranean diet and obesity-related disorders: what is the evidence? Curr. Obes. Rep. 11, 287\u2013304 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101158","volume":"9","author":"P Silva Figueiredo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silva Figueiredo, P. et al. Fatty acids consumption: the role metabolic aspects involved in obesity and its associated disorders. Nutrients 9, 1158 (2017).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020636","volume":"13","author":"C Roses","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roses, C. et al. Gut microbiota bacterial species associated with Mediterranean diet-related food groups in a Northern Spanish Population. Nutrients 13, 636 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8698","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2057416","volume":"63","author":"R Kimble","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kimble, R. et al. Effects of a Mediterranean diet on the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 63, 8698\u20138719 (2023).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI133473","volume":"130","author":"JY Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, J. Y. et al. Parathyroid hormone-dependent bone formation requires butyrate production by intestinal microbiota. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 1767\u20131781 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"550_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19793-8","volume":"11","author":"RL Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas, R. L. et al. Vitamin D metabolites and the gut microbiome in older men. Nat. Commun. 11, 5997 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"550_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO05212E","volume":"15","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Bifidobacterium improves oestrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis in mice by modulating intestinal immunity. Food Funct. 15, 1840\u20131851 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"550_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04386-3","volume":"16","author":"J Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han, J. et al. Links between short-chain fatty acids and osteoarthritis from pathology to clinic via gut-joint axis. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 16, 251 (2025).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"550_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2025.e7","volume":"45","author":"HH Bashir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bashir, H. H., Hasnain, M. A., Abbas, A., Lee, J.-H. & Moon, G.-S. The impact of fermented dairy products and probiotics on bone health improvement. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. 45, 449\u2013467 (2025).","journal-title":"Food Sci. Anim. Resour."},{"key":"550_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25662","volume":"6","author":"G-D Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, G.-D. et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a higher BMD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Sci. Rep. 6, 25662 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2022.105521","volume":"90","author":"E Biver","year":"2023","unstructured":"Biver, E. et al. Dietary recommendations in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Jt. Bone Spine 90, 105521 (2023).","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"550_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1529747","volume":"22","author":"TR da Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"da Silva, T. R., Martins, C. C., Ferreira, L. L. & Spritzer, P. M. Mediterranean diet is associated with bone mineral density and muscle mass in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 22, 162\u2013168 (2019).","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"550_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e253710","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.3710","volume":"8","author":"H V\u00e1zquez-Lorente","year":"2025","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Lorente, H. et al. Mediterranean diet, physical activity, and bone health in older adults: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw. Open 8, e253710 (2025).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"550_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03529-4","volume":"27","author":"L Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. Impact of Mediterranean diet on mortality in vertebral compression fracture patients. Arthritis Res. Ther. 27, 87 (2025).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"550_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081722","volume":"11","author":"L Melguizo-Rodriguez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Melguizo-Rodriguez, L. et al. Bone protective effect of extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds by modulating osteoblast gene expression. Nutrients 11, 1722 (2019).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10080968","volume":"10","author":"R Roncero-Mart\u00edn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roncero-Mart\u00edn, R. et al. Olive oil consumption and bone microarchitecture in Spanish women. Nutrients 10, 968 (2018).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183130","volume":"16","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. Effects and mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acids on age-related musculoskeletal diseases: Sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis-a narrative review. Nutrients 16, 3130 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17040639","volume":"17","author":"F Mohammadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammadi, F. & Rudkowska, I. Dietary lipids, gut microbiota, and their metabolites: insights from recent studies. Nutrients 17, 639 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1033195","volume":"10","author":"Z-B Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang, Z.-B. et al. Association between fatty acids intake and bone mineral density in adults aged 20-59: NHANES 2011-2018. Front. Nutr. 10, 1033195 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-8-71","volume":"8","author":"B Tartibian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tartibian, B., Hajizadeh Maleki, B., Kanaley, J. & Sadeghi, K. Long-term aerobic exercise and omega-3 supplementation modulate osteoporosis through inflammatory mechanisms in post-menopausal women: a randomized, repeated measures study. Nutr. Metab. 8, 71 (2011).","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"550_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112701","volume":"11","author":"H Abou-Saleh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abou-Saleh, H., Ouhtit, A., Halade, G. V. & Rahman, M. M. Bone benefits of fish oil supplementation depend on its EPA and DHA content. Nutrients 11, 2701 (2019).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.934","volume":"81","author":"LA Weiss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weiss, L. A., Barrett-Connor, E. & von M\u00fchlen, D. Ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids and bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81, 934\u2013938 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.133728","volume":"141","author":"EK Farina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farina, E. K. et al. Dietary intakes of arachidonic acid and \u03b1-linolenic acid are associated with reduced risk of hip fracture in older adults. J. Nutr. 141, 1146\u20131153 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.005926","volume":"93","author":"EK Farina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farina, E. K. et al. Protective effects of fish intake and interactive effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes on hip bone mineral density in older adults: the Framingham Osteoporosis study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 93, 1142\u20131151 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66881-8","volume":"16","author":"PL Guan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guan, P. L. et al. Genetically informed causal links between gut microbiota and bone mass: pleiotropy and metabolic mediation. Nat. Commun. 16, 11711 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"550_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665199000373","volume":"58","author":"TJ Key","year":"1999","unstructured":"Key, T. J., Davey, G. K. & Appleby, P. N. Health benefits of a vegetarian diet. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 58, 271\u2013275 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"550_CR224","first-page":"88","volume":"56","author":"H Sakkas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sakkas, H. et al. Nutritional status and the influence of the vegan diet on the gut microbiota and human health. Medicine 56, 88 (2020).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"550_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11834","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO03449J","volume":"15","author":"X Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia, X. et al. Effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct. 15, 11834\u201311846 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"550_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad436","volume":"44","author":"T Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, T., Masedunskas, A., Willett, W. C. & Fontana, L. Vegetarian and vegan diets: benefits and drawbacks. Eur. Heart J. 44, 3423\u20133439 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"550_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01870-z","volume":"10","author":"G Fackelmann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fackelmann, G. et al. Gut microbiome signatures of vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets and associated health outcomes across 21,561 individuals. Nat. Microbiol. 10, 41\u201352 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.01.006","volume":"119","author":"X Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen, X. et al. Plant-based diets and the gut microbiome: findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 119, 628\u2013638 (2024).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156797","DOI":"10.3389\/frmbi.2023.1156797","volume":"2","author":"EN Njoku","year":"2023","unstructured":"Njoku, E. N., Mottawea, W., Hassan, H. & Hammami, R. Prebiotic capacity of novel bioengineered wheat arabinoxylans in a batch culture model of the human gut microbiota. Front. Microbiomes 2, 1156797 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiomes"},{"key":"550_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1228700","volume":"14","author":"X Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao, X. et al. Lonicera caerulea L. polyphenols improve short-chain fatty acid levels by reshaping the microbial structure of fermented feces in vitro. Front. Microbiol. 14, 1228700 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6114822","volume":"6","author":"M Glick-Bauer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Glick-Bauer, M. & Yeh, M. C. The health advantage of a vegan diet: exploring the gut microbiota connection. Nutrients 6, 4822\u20134838 (2014).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","volume":"23","author":"A Agus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agus, A., Planchais, J. & Sokol, H. Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Host Microbe 23, 716\u2013724 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"550_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.05.001","volume":"18","author":"Y Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Yao, Q., Meng, L., Wang, J. & Zheng, N. Double-side role of short chain fatty acids on host health via the gut-organ axes. Anim. Nutr. 18, 322\u2013339 (2024).","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae025","volume":"46","author":"H Fang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fang, H. et al. Postbiotic impact on host metabolism and immunity provides therapeutic potential in metabolic disease. Endocr. Rev. 46, 60\u201379 (2025).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"550_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2347722","volume":"16","author":"LW Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie, L. W. et al. Microbiota-derived I3A protects the intestine against radiation injury by activating AhR\/IL-10\/Wnt signaling and enhancing the abundance of probiotics. Gut Microbes 16, 2347722 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"550_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122992","volume":"318","author":"L Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. A biodegradable magnesium alloy promotes subperiosteal osteogenesis via interleukin-10-dependent macrophage immunomodulation. Biomaterials 318, 122992 (2025).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"550_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003310","volume":"62","author":"SA New","year":"2003","unstructured":"New, S. A. Intake of fruit and vegetables: implications for bone health. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 62, 889\u2013899 (2003).","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"550_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00989","volume":"103","author":"JS Kimball","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kimball, J. S., Johnson, J. P. & Carlson, D. A. Oxidative stress and osteoporosis. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 103, 1451\u20131461 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"550_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410581","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1410581","volume":"15","author":"R Zhuang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhuang, R., Hou, W., Zhang, T. & Wang, T. Association between dietary vitamin E and osteoporosis in older adults in the United States. Front. Endocrinol. 15, 1410581 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"550_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-024-00877-x","volume":"21","author":"G Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, G., Qu, B., Liu, P. & Zhang, Z. Association between modified dietary inflammation index score and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density in patients with hypertension: data from NHANES-a population-based study. Nutr. Metab. 21, 102 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"550_CR241","first-page":"102826","volume":"45","author":"C Ke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ke, C., Zhang, X. & Wang, X. Association between dietary inflammatory index and all-cause mortality in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a retrospective cohort study from the NHANES 2007-2018. Prevent. Med. Rep. 45, 102826 (2024).","journal-title":"Prevent. Med. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04866-x","volume":"19","author":"M Tong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tong, M. et al. Associations of dietary inflammatory index scores and serum inflammatory factors with the risk of osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study from xinjiang, China. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 19, 423 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"550_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071794","volume":"15","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Xu, K. & Chen, X. The hidden dangers of plant-based diets affecting bone health: a cross-sectional study with U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005-2018. Nutrients 15, 1794 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR244","first-page":"575","volume":"117","author":"C Weikert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weikert, C. et al. Vitamin and mineral status in a vegan diet. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 117, 575\u2013582 (2020).","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int."},{"key":"550_CR245","volume":"4","author":"M Kalimeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kalimeri, M. et al. Folate and Vitamin B-12 status is associated with bone mineral density and hip strength of postmenopausal Chinese-Singaporean women. JBMR 4, e10399 (2020).","journal-title":"JBMR"},{"key":"550_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2025.05.023","volume":"50","author":"S Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng, S. et al. Plant-based diet and risk of osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Nutr. 50, 253\u2013262 (2025).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.131","volume":"66","author":"LT Ho-Pham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ho-Pham, L. T., Vu, B. Q., Lai, T. Q., Nguyen, N. D. & Nguyen, T. V. Vegetarianism, bone loss, fracture and vitamin D: a longitudinal study in asian vegans and non-vegans. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 66, 75\u201382 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab095","volume":"114","author":"DL Thorpe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thorpe, D. L., Beeson, W. L., Knutsen, R., Fraser, G. E. & Knutsen, S. F. Dietary patterns and hip fracture in the adventist health study 2: combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation mitigate increased hip fracture risk among vegans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 114, 488\u2013495 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142356","volume":"16","author":"ME Rusu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rusu, M. E., Bigman, G., Ryan, A. S. & Popa, D.-S. Investigating the effects and mechanisms of combined vitamin D and K supplementation in postmenopausal women: an up-to-date comprehensive review of clinical studies. Nutrients 16, 2356 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-024-01451-x","volume":"19","author":"S Carugo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carugo, S. et al. The essential role of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation in the osteoporosis scenario in Italy: expert opinion paper. Arch. Osteoporos. 19, 99 (2024).","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"550_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.264","volume":"65","author":"AC Hardcastle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hardcastle, A. C., Aucott, L., Fraser, W. D., Reid, D. M. & Macdonald, H. M. Dietary patterns, bone resorption and bone mineral density in early post-menopausal Scottish women. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 65, 378\u2013385 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1510-0","volume":"22","author":"M Hamidi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamidi, M., Boucher, B. A., Cheung, A. M., Beyene, J. & Shah, P. S. Fruit and vegetable intake and bone health in women aged 45 years and over: a systematic review. Osteoporos. Int. 22, 1681\u20131693 (2011).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"550_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.00101","volume":"7","author":"A Melse-Boonstra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melse-Boonstra, A. Bioavailability of micronutrients from nutrient-dense whole foods: zooming in on dairy, vegetables, and fruits. Front. Nutr. 7, 101 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2008.00949.x","volume":"73","author":"S Charoenkiatkul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Charoenkiatkul, S., Kriengsinyos, W., Tuntipopipat, S., Suthutvoravut, U. & Weaver, C. M. Calcium absorption from commonly consumed vegetables in healthy Thai women. J. Food Sci. 73, H218\u2013H221 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"550_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.4.656","volume":"51","author":"RP Heaney","year":"1990","unstructured":"Heaney, R. P. & Weaver, C. M. Calcium absorption from kale. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51, 656\u2013657 (1990).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06187.x","volume":"58","author":"RP Heaney","year":"1993","unstructured":"Heaney, R. P., Weaver, C. M., Hinders, S., Martin, B. & Packard, P. T. Absorbability of calcium from brassica vegetables: Broccoli, bok choy, and kale. J. Food Sci. 58, 1378\u20131380 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"550_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04421.x","volume":"62","author":"CM Weaver","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weaver, C. M., Heaney, R. P., Nickel, K. P. & Packard, P. I. Calcium bioavailability from high oxalate vegetables: Chinese vegetables, sweet potatoes and rhubarb. J. Food Sci. 62, 524\u2013525 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"550_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e241107","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.1107","volume":"7","author":"M Sotos-Prieto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sotos-Prieto, M. et al. Plant-based diets and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JAMA Netw. Open 7, e241107 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"550_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1069954","volume":"13","author":"L Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. High-fiber diet ameliorates gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood in type 2 diabetes patients. Front Cell Infect. Microbiol 13, 1069954 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"550_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1869502","volume":"13","author":"JK Coker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coker, J. K., Moyne, O., Rodionov, D. A. & Zengler, K. Carbohydrates great and small, from dietary fiber to sialic acids: How glycans influence the gut microbiome and affect human health. Gut Microbes 13, 1\u201318 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"550_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507793923","volume":"99","author":"A Costabile","year":"2008","unstructured":"Costabile, A. et al. Whole-grain wheat breakfast cereal has a prebiotic effect on the human gut microbiota: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Br. J. Nutr. 99, 110\u2013120 (2008).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00115","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00115-21","volume":"6","author":"A Oliver","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliver, A. et al. High-fiber, whole-food dietary intervention alters the human gut microbiome but not fecal short-chain fatty acids. mSystems 6, e00115\u2013e00121 (2021).","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"550_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.01.006","volume":"27","author":"EC Deehan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deehan, E. C. et al. Precision microbiome modulation with discrete dietary fiber structures directs short-chain fatty acid production. Cell Host Microbe 27, 389\u2013404.e386 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"550_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02566","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02566-18","volume":"10","author":"NT Baxter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baxter, N. T. et al. Dynamics of human gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in response to dietary interventions with three fermentable fibers. mBio 10, e02566\u201318 (2019).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"550_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02490-4","volume":"9","author":"S Lucas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lucas, S. et al. Short-chain fatty acids regulate systemic bone mass and protect from pathological bone loss. Nat. Commun. 9, 55 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"550_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5285","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245285","volume":"14","author":"WT Leung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leung, W. T. et al. Lower fiber consumption in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients 14, 5285 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4581","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214581","volume":"15","author":"G K\u0119dzia","year":"2023","unstructured":"K\u0119dzia, G., Wo\u017aniak, M., Samborski, W. & Grygiel-G\u00f3rniak, B. Impact of dietary protein on osteoporosis development. Nutrients 15, 4581 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010149","volume":"16","author":"LA Rubio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rubio, L. A. Dietary milk or isolated legume proteins modulate intestinal microbiota composition in rats. Nutrients 16, 149 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10123075","volume":"10","author":"V Cella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cella, V. et al. Nutrition and physical activity-induced changes in gut microbiota: possible implications for human health and athletic performance. Foods 10, 3075 (2021).","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"550_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.10.006","volume":"30","author":"BR Rushing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rushing, B. R. et al. Fecal metabolomics reveals products of dysregulated proteolysis and altered microbial metabolism in obesity-related osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 30, 81\u201391 (2022).","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"550_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G159","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00319.2017","volume":"315","author":"MS Gilbert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gilbert, M. S., Ijssennagger, N., Kies, A. K. & van Mil, S. W. C. Protein fermentation in the gut; implications for intestinal dysfunction in humans, pigs, and poultry. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 315, G159\u2013G170 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"550_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071045","volume":"16","author":"BE Kase","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kase, B. E. et al. The development and evaluation of a literature-based dietary index for gut microbiota. Nutrients 16, 1045 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-024-00892-0","volume":"22","author":"R Rizzoli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rizzoli, R. & Chevalley, T. Nutrition and osteoporosis prevention. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 22, 515\u2013522 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13111","volume":"14","author":"I Groenendijk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Groenendijk, I. et al. Protein intake and bone mineral density: cross-sectional relationship and longitudinal effects in older adults. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 14, 116\u2013125 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"550_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.134676","volume":"105","author":"C Durosier-Izart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Durosier-Izart, C. et al. Peripheral skeleton bone strength is positively correlated with total and dairy protein intakes in healthy postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 105, 513\u2013525 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132863","volume":"15","author":"T Bu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bu, T., Huang, J., Yu, Y., Sun, P. & Yang, K. Whey protein hydrolysate ameliorated high-fat-diet induced bone loss via suppressing oxidative stress and regulating GSK-3\u03b2\/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Nutrients 15, 2863 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03608-6","volume":"78","author":"G Ellur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ellur, G., Sukhdeo, S. V., Khan, M. T. & Sharan, K. Maternal high protein-diet programs impairment of offspring\u2019s bone mass through miR-24-1-5p mediated targeting of SMAD5 in osteoblasts. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 78, 1729\u20131744 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"550_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.05.002","volume":"122","author":"SJ French","year":"2025","unstructured":"French, S. J., Kanter, M., Maki, K. C., Rust, B. M. & Allison, D. B. The harms of high protein intake: conjectured, postulated, claimed, and presumed, but shown? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 122, 9\u201316 (2025).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394916","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1394916","volume":"11","author":"I Groenendijk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Groenendijk, I., de Groot, L., Tetens, I. & Grootswagers, P. Discussion on protein recommendations for supporting muscle and bone health in older adults: a mini review. Front Nutr. 11, 1394916 (2024).","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1042744","volume":"14","author":"V Garofalo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garofalo, V. et al. Effects of the ketogenic diet on bone health: a systematic review. Front. Endocrinol. 14, 1042744 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"550_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04249","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202504249","volume":"12","author":"C Mu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mu, C., Rho, J. M. & Shearer, J. The interplay between the gut and ketogenic diets in health and disease. Adv. Sci. 12, e04249 (2025).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.027","volume":"181","author":"QY Ang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ang, Q. Y. et al. Ketogenic diets alter the gut microbiome resulting in decreased intestinal Th17 cells. Cell 181, 1263\u20131275.e1216 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"550_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173566","volume":"14","author":"JM Lim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lim, J. M. et al. Ketogenic diet: a dietary intervention via gut microbiome modulation for the treatment of neurological and nutritional disorders (a narrative review). Nutrients 14, 3566 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.227256","volume":"146","author":"CM Whisner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Whisner, C. M. et al. Soluble corn fiber increases calcium absorption associated with shifts in the gut microbiome: a randomized dose-response trial in free-living pubertal females. J. Nutr. 146, 1298\u20131306 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.18-0084","volume":"68","author":"X Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. Bone microstructure and metabolism changes under the combined intervention of ketogenic diet with intermittent fasting: an in vivo study of rats. Exp. Anim. 68, 371\u2013380 (2019).","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"550_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-018-0468-3","volume":"104","author":"Q Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. Metformin alleviates the bone loss induced by ketogenic diet: an in vivo study in mice. Calcif. Tissue Int. 104, 59\u201369 (2019).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"550_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1744512","volume":"61","author":"MLY Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan, M. L. Y., Co, V. A. & El-Nezami, H. Dietary polyphenol impact on gut health and microbiota. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 61, 690\u2013711 (2021).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-10306-2","volume":"104","author":"YC Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Y. C., Li, X. Y. & Shen, L. Modulation effect of tea consumption on gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 104, 981\u2013987 (2020).","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol."},{"key":"550_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.848107","volume":"12","author":"S Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai, S. et al. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) modulates the composition of the gut microbiota to protect against radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice. Front. Oncol. 12, 848107 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"550_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03713-y","volume":"22","author":"A Gholami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gholami, A. et al. The ameliorative role of specific probiotic combinations on bone loss in the ovariectomized rat model. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 22, 241 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"550_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12805","volume":"284","author":"AG Nilsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nilsson, A. G., Sundh, D., Backhed, F. & Lorentzon, M. Lactobacillus reuteri reduces bone loss in older women with low bone mineral density: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial. J. Intern. Med. 284, 307\u2013317 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"550_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.2015-1308","volume":"156","author":"J Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Loss of bone and Wnt10b expression in male type 1 diabetic mice is blocked by the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Endocrinology 156, 3169\u20133182 (2015).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"550_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa644","volume":"106","author":"Y Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, Y. et al. Intermittent fasting improves cardiometabolic risk factors and alters gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106, 64\u201379 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"550_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2555619","volume":"17","author":"Z Guan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guan, Z. et al. Intermittent fasting triggers interorgan communication to improve the progression of diabetic osteoporosis. Gut Microbes 17, 2555619 (2025).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"550_CR295","first-page":"216","volume":"36","author":"S Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie, S. et al. Intermittent fasting promotes repair of rotator cuff injury in the early postoperative period by regulating the gut microbiota. J. Orthop. Transl. 36, 216\u2013224 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"550_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1498-8","volume":"57","author":"M Papageorgiou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papageorgiou, M., Dolan, E., Elliott-Sale, K. J. & Sale, C. Reduced energy availability: implications for bone health in physically active populations. Eur. J. Nutr. 57, 847\u2013859 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxac181","volume":"152","author":"CY Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong, C. Y. et al. An energy-restricted diet including yogurt, fruit, and vegetables alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. J. Nutr. 152, 2429\u20132440 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2022.04.007","volume":"32","author":"L Haji-Ghazi Tehrani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haji-Ghazi Tehrani, L., Mousavi, S. N., Chiti, H. & Afshar, D. Effect of Atkins versus a low-fat diet on gut microbiota, and cardiometabolic markers in obese women following an energy-restricted diet: randomized, crossover trial. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 32, 1734\u20131741 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"550_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00264-x","volume":"11","author":"Z Lyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lyu, Z., Hu, Y., Guo, Y. & Liu, D. Modulation of bone remodeling by the gut microbiota: a new therapy for osteoporosis. Bone Res. 11, 31 (2023).","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"550_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01249-4","volume":"10","author":"J Sbierski-Kind","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sbierski-Kind, J. et al. Effects of caloric restriction on the gut microbiome are linked with immune senescence. Microbiome 10, 57 (2022).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"550_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.22.2502","volume":"166","author":"DT Villareal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Villareal, D. T. et al. Bone mineral density response to caloric restriction-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 166, 2502\u20132510 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"550_CR302","volume":"8","author":"P Islam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam, P. et al. Fructooligosaccharides act on the gut-bone axis to improve bone independent of tregs and alter osteocytes in young adult C57BL\/6 female mice. JBMR 8, ziae021 (2024).","journal-title":"JBMR"},{"key":"550_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5626","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24468","volume":"107","author":"Y Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, Y. et al. Fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation enhances the growth of nursing dairy calves while stimulating the persistence of Bifidobacterium and hindgut microbiome\u2019s maturation. J. Dairy Sci. 107, 5626\u20135638 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"550_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518002714","volume":"120","author":"M de Lima Correia Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Lima Correia Silva, M., da Graca Leite Speridiao, P., Oyama, L. M. & de Morais, M. B. Effect of fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation in soya beverage on the intestinal absorption of calcium and iron in newly weaned rats. Br. J. Nutr. 120, 1338\u20131348 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2024.02.003","volume":"125","author":"KM Renteria","year":"2024","unstructured":"Renteria, K. M. et al. Combination of vitamin D(3) and fructooligosaccharides upregulates colonic vitamin D receptor in C57BL\/6J mice and affects anxiety-related behavior in a sex-specific manner. Nutr. Res. 125, 16\u201326 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"550_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103966","volume":"103","author":"G Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao, G. et al. Dietary Clostridium butyricum and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D(3) modulate bone metabolism of broilers through the gut-brain axis. Poult. Sci. 103, 103966 (2024).","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"550_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae187","volume":"40","author":"JL Yumol","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yumol, J. L., Gittings, W., de Souza, R. J. & Ward, W. E. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of probiotics on bone outcomes in rodent models. J. Bone Miner. Res. 40, 100\u2013113 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"550_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030461","volume":"16","author":"M Vanitchanont","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vanitchanont, M., Vallibhakara, S. A.-O., Sophonsritsuk, A. & Vallibhakara, O. Effects of multispecies probiotic supplementation on serum bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients 16, 461 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2023.100336","volume":"24","author":"IA Harahap","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harahap, I. A. & Suliburska, J. Can probiotics decrease the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women? Pharmanutrition 24, 100336 (2023).","journal-title":"Pharmanutrition"},{"key":"550_CR310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1841-2","volume":"9","author":"M Indira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Indira, M., Venkateswarulu, T. C., Abraham Peele, K., Nazneen Bobby, M. & Krupanidhi, S. Bioactive molecules of probiotic bacteria and their mechanism of action: a review. 3 Biotech 9, 306 (2019).","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"550_CR311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2004","volume":"85","author":"JGJ Hoenderop","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoenderop, J. G. J., Nilius, B. & Bindels, R. J. M. Calcium absorption across epithelia. Physiol. Rev. 85, 373\u2013422 (2005).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"550_CR312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari, N. et al. Unraveling the nutritional perspectives of probiotics and prebiotics in female healthcare. Rec. Adv. Food Nutr. Agric. 16, 1-12 (2025).","DOI":"10.2174\/012772574X374047250325183211"},{"key":"550_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO04092A","volume":"14","author":"M Jia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jia, M. et al. Preparation of synbiotic milk powder and its effect on calcium absorption and the bone microstructure in calcium deficient mice. Food Funct. 14, 3092\u20133106 (2023).","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"550_CR314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30131","DOI":"10.2196\/30131","volume":"10","author":"BL Ilesanmi-Oyelere","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ilesanmi-Oyelere, B. L., Roy, N. C. & Kruger, M. C. Modulation of bone and joint biomarkers, gut microbiota, and inflammation status by synbiotic supplementation and weight-bearing exercise: Human study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res. Protoc. 10, e30131 (2021).","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"550_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91056-2","volume":"15","author":"C Ohlsson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ohlsson, C. et al. The beneficial effects of a probiotic mix on bone and lean mass are dependent on the diet in female mice. Sci. Rep. 15, 6182 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578702","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.578702","volume":"7","author":"BL Ilesanmi-Oyelere","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ilesanmi-Oyelere, B. L. & Kruger, M. C. The role of milk components, pro-, pre-, and synbiotic foods in calcium absorption and bone health maintenance. Front. Nutr. 7, 578702 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00348-2","volume":"8","author":"P Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, P. et al. One-year supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 counteracts a degradation of gut microbiota in older women with low bone mineral density. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 8, 84 (2022).","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"550_CR318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9924410","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9924410","volume":"2021","author":"L Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng, L., Yu, G., Yang, K., Hao, W. & Chen, H. The improving effect and safety of probiotic supplements on patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2021, 9924410 (2021).","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"550_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7510","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2047005","volume":"63","author":"Y-W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.-W. et al. The regulative effect and repercussion of probiotics and prebiotics on osteoporosis: Involvement of brain-gut-bone axis. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 63, 7510\u20137528 (2023).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-022-01375-x","volume":"40","author":"Y-W Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.-W. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising treatment option for osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 40, 874\u2013889 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"550_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.047","volume":"183","author":"K Korpela","year":"2020","unstructured":"Korpela, K. et al. Maternal fecal microbiota transplantation in cesarean-born infants rapidly restores normal gut microbial development: a proof-of-concept study. Cell 183, 324\u2013334.e325 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"550_CR322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488017","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1488017","volume":"14","author":"T Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, T., Wang, N., Hao, Y. & Fu, L. Fecal microbiota transplantation from postmenopausal osteoporosis human donors accelerated bone mass loss in mice. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 14, 1488017 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12293","volume":"9","author":"S Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma, S., Wang, N., Zhang, P., Wu, W. & Fu, L. Fecal microbiota transplantation mitigates bone loss by improving gut microbiome composition and gut barrier function in aged rats. PeerJ 9, e12293 (2021).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"550_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1535666","volume":"15","author":"P Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma, P. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoporosis by modulating gut microbiota and long non-coding RNA TUG1 expression. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 15, 1535666 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"550_CR325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15050301","volume":"15","author":"X Chu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chu, X., Xing, H., Chao, M., Xie, P. & Jiang, L. Gut microbiota modulation in osteoporosis: probiotics, prebiotics, and natural compounds. Metabolites 15, 301 (2025).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"550_CR326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194255","volume":"15","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, H. & Avgerinou, C. Association of alternative dietary patterns with osteoporosis and fracture risk in older people: a scoping review. Nutrients 15, 4255 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa090","volume":"111","author":"SE Noel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noel, S. E. et al. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension, Mediterranean, and alternative healthy eating indices are associated with bone health among Puerto Rican adults from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 111, 1267\u20131277 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05450-9","volume":"31","author":"Z Shahriarpour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahriarpour, Z., Nasrabadi, B., Shariati-Bafghi, S. E., Karamati, M. & Rashidkhani, B. Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal Iranian women. Osteoporos. Int. 31, 2179\u20132188 (2020).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"550_CR329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050896","volume":"17","author":"D Moldovan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moldovan, D. et al. Nutritional intervention and musculoskeletal health in chronic kidney disease. Nutrients 17, 896 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"550_CR330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae047","volume":"39","author":"LE Fouhy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fouhy, L. E. et al. Genome-wide association study of osteoporosis identifies genetic risk and interactions with dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and sugar-sweetened beverages in a Hispanic cohort of older adults. J. Bone Min. Res. 39, 697\u2013706 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"550_CR331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02928-6","volume":"61","author":"AM Malinowska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malinowska, A. M., Kok, D. E., Steegenga, W. T., Hooiveld, G. & Chmurzynska, A. Human gut microbiota composition and its predicted functional properties in people with western and healthy dietary patterns. Eur. J. Nutr. 61, 3887\u20133903 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"550_CR332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2187-3","volume":"24","author":"V Benetou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Benetou, V. et al. Mediterranean diet and incidence of hip fractures in a European cohort. Osteoporos. Int. 24, 1587\u20131598 (2013).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"550_CR333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493","volume":"361","author":"SR Cummings","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cummings, S. R. et al. Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 756\u2013765 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"550_CR334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2022.02.008","volume":"80","author":"SL Ruggiero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruggiero, S. L. et al. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons\u2019 position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws-2022 update. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 80, 920\u2013943 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"550_CR335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71731-6","volume":"14","author":"J Lai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lai, J. et al. Associations between gut microbiota and osteoporosis or osteopenia in a cohort of Chinese Han youth. Sci. Rep. 14, 20948 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"550_CR336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.14","volume":"8","author":"N Reichardt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reichardt, N. et al. Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota. ISME J. 8, 1323\u20131335 (2014).","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"550_CR337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-025-00060-7","volume":"3","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Metagenomic analysis revealing links between age, gut microbiota and bone loss in Chinese adults. NPJ Metab. Health Dis. 3, 18 (2025).","journal-title":"NPJ Metab. Health Dis."},{"key":"550_CR338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2025.2465587","volume":"41","author":"C Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu, C. et al. Clinical correlation between intestinal flora profiles and the incidence of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 41, 2465587 (2025).","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"550_CR339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0355822","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03558-22","volume":"11","author":"SM Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, S. M. & Huang, S. L. The commensal anaerobe Veillonella dispar reprograms its lactate metabolism and short-chain fatty acid production during the stationary phase. Microbiol. Spectr. 11, e0355822 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."}],"container-title":["Bone Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41413-026-00550-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41413-026-00550-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41413-026-00550-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:02:55Z","timestamp":1780567375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41413-026-00550-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":339,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-026-00550-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-6231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-6231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"61"}}