{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:21:42Z","timestamp":1790169702358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Dent J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-025-9115-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T15:08:35Z","timestamp":1757689715000},"page":"312-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An update on mouthwashes: advice for dental practitioners"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Zo\u00eb","family":"Brookes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Bescos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Witton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimoza-Cana","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Whawell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewen","family":"McColl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"9115_CR4198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brookes Z, McGrath C, McCullough M. Antimicrobial mouthwashes: an overview of mechanisms - what do we still need to know? Int Dent J 2023; DOI: 10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.009"},{"key":"9115_CR4200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marinho V C C, Chong L Y, Worthington H V, Walsh T. Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD002284.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002284.pub2"},{"key":"9115_CR4202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James P, Worthington H V, Parnell C et al. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD008676.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008676.pub2"},{"key":"9115_CR4205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshehri F A. The use of mouthwash containing essential oils (LISTERINE) to improve oral health: a systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30: 2-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2017.12.004"},{"key":"9115_CR4207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figuero E, Herrera D, Tob\u00edas A et al. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis: a systematic review and network meta-analyses. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46: 723-739.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13127"},{"key":"9115_CR4209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nachu S, Ravoori S, Srinivas P. Antiplaque efficacy of toothpaste - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2022; 20: 16-24.","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaphd.jiaphd_140_21"},{"key":"9115_CR4211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh T, Worthington H V, Glenny A-M, Marinho V C, Jeroncic A. Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD007868.pub3.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007868.pub3"},{"key":"9115_CR4214","unstructured":"UK Government. Delivering better oral health: chapter 9: fluoride. 2021. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention\/chapter-9-fluoride (accessed 19 January 2025)."},{"key":"9115_CR4217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escribano M, Figuero E, Mart\u00edn C et al. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents: a systematic review and network meta-analyses of the Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43: 1059-1073.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12616"},{"key":"9115_CR4219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wierichs R J, Meyer-Lueckel H. Systematic review on noninvasive treatment of root caries lesions. J Dent Res 2015; 94: 261-271.","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514557330"},{"key":"9115_CR4221","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Mouthwashes and other preparations for oropharyngeal use. Available at https:\/\/bnf.nice.org.uk\/treatment-summaries\/mouthwashes-and-other-preparations-for-oropharyngeal-use\/ (accessed 19 January 2025)."},{"key":"9115_CR4224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langa G P J, Muniz F W M G, Costa R D S A, da Silveira T M, R\u00f6sing C K. The effect of cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinse as adjunct to toothbrushing compared to placebo on interproximal plaque and gingival inflammation-a systematic review with meta-analyses. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25: 745-757.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03661-2"},{"key":"9115_CR4227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M et al. Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis - the EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47: 4-60.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13290"},{"key":"9115_CR4230","unstructured":"British Society of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. BSP UK version of the S3 treatment guidelines for periodontitis. Available at https:\/\/www.bsperio.org.uk\/professionals\/bsp-uk-clinical-practice-guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-periodontitis (accessed 3 April 2025)."},{"key":"9115_CR4233","unstructured":"European Federation of Periodontology. Guideline on treatment of stage I-III periodontitis. 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.efp.org\/education\/continuing-education\/clinical-guidelines\/guideline-on-treatment-of-stage-i-iii-periodontitis\/ (accessed 3 April 2025)."},{"key":"9115_CR4236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Costa L F N P, Amaral C D S F, Barbirato D D S, Le\u00e3o A T T, Fogacci M F. Chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2017; 148: 308-318.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.01.021"},{"key":"9115_CR4238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brookes Z L S, McCullough M, Kumar P, McGrath C. Mouthwashes: implications for practice. Int Dent J 2023; DOI: 10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.013"},{"key":"9115_CR4241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duckworth R M, Maguire A, Omid N, Steen I N, McCracken G I, Zohoori F V. Effect of rinsing with mouthwashes after brushing with a fluoridated toothpaste on salivary fluoride concentration. Caries Res 2009; 43: 391-396.","DOI":"10.1159\/000239753"},{"key":"9115_CR4243","unstructured":"Sk\u00f6ld U M, Birkhed D, Ellwood R. Effect of post-brushing mouthwash solutions on salivary fluoride retention - study 1. J Clin Dent 2012; 23: 97-100."},{"key":"9115_CR4245","unstructured":"Cooper L, Komarov G N, Shaw K E et al. Effect of post-brushing mouthwash solutions on salivary fluoride retention - study 2. J Clin Dent 2012; 23: 92-96."},{"key":"9115_CR4248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitts N, Duckworth R M, Marsh P, Mutti B, Parnell C, Zero D. Post-brushing rinsing for the control of dental caries: exploration of the available evidence to establish what advice we should give our patients. Br Dent J 2012; 212: 315-320.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2012.260"},{"key":"9115_CR4250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar G, Rajula M P, Rao K S et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of blended essential oil and chlorhexidine against periodontal pathogen (P.gingivalis) - an in vitro study. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26: 625-629.","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_787_22"},{"key":"9115_CR4253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bescos R, du Toit L, Redondo-Rio A et al. The comparative effect of propolis and chlorhexidine mouthwash on oral nitrite-producing bacteria and blood pressure regulation. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 17: 2439636.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2024.2439636"},{"key":"9115_CR4255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Przyby\u0142ek I, Karpi\u0144ski T M. Antibacterial properties of propolis. Molecules 2019; 24: 2047.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112047"},{"key":"9115_CR4258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baty J J, Stoner S N, Scoffield J A. Oral commensal streptococci: gatekeepers of the oral cavity. J Bacteriol 2022; DOI: 10.1128\/jb.00257-22.","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00257-22"},{"key":"9115_CR4260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqui R, Badran Z, Boghossian A, Alharbi A M, Alfahemi H, Khan N A. The increasing importance of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Future Sci OA 2023; DOI: 10.2144\/fsoa-2023-0062.","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2023-0062"},{"key":"9115_CR4262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brookes Z, Teoh L, Cieplik F, Kumar P. Mouthwash effects on the oral microbiome: are they good, bad, or balanced? Int Dent J 2023; DOI: 10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.010"},{"key":"9115_CR4264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrashdan M S, Leao J C, Doble A, McCullough M, Porter S. The effects of antimicrobial mouthwashes on systemic disease: what is the evidence? Int Dent J 2023; DOI: 10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.012"},{"key":"9115_CR4266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bescos R, Ashworth A, Cutler C et al. Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 5254.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61912-4"},{"key":"9115_CR4268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosier B T, Takahashi N, Zaura E et al. The importance of nitrate reduction for oral health. J Dent Res 2022; 101: 887-897.","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345221080982"},{"key":"9115_CR4272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robertson D, Smith A J. Significant increase in hospital admissions for the management of severe dental infection in England 2000-2020. J Infect 2021; 83: 496-522.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.07.009"},{"key":"9115_CR4274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moran G P, Zgaga L, Daly B, Harding M, Montgomery T. Does fluoride exposure impact on the human microbiome? Toxicol Lett 2023; 379: 11-19.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.03.001"},{"key":"9115_CR4276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guth S, H\u00fcser S, Roth A et al. Toxicity of fluoride: critical evaluation of evidence for human developmental neurotoxicity in epidemiological studies, animal experiments and in vitro analyses. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94: 1375-1415.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02725-2"},{"key":"9115_CR4279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St\u00f6hr J, Barbaresko J, Neuenschwander M, Schlesinger S. Bidirectional association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 13686.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93062-6"},{"key":"9115_CR4282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simpson T C, Clarkson J E, Worthington H V et al. Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD004714.pub4.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004714.pub4"},{"key":"9115_CR4284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz Aguilera E, Suvan J, Buti J et al. Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116: 28-39.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz201"},{"key":"9115_CR4286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Han Y, Zhou Y, Cao X. Rheumatoid arthritis risk in periodontitis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine 2020; 87: 556-564.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2020.04.024"},{"key":"9115_CR4288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borsa L, Dubois M, Sacco G, Lupi L. Analysis the link between periodontal diseases and alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18: 9312.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179312"},{"key":"9115_CR4291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villar A, Mendes B, Vi\u00e8gas M, de Aquino Alexandre A L, Paladini S, Cossatis J. The relationship between periodontal disease and cancer: insights from a systematic literature network analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 91: 102595.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102595"},{"key":"9115_CR4293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boffetta P, Hayes R B, Sartori S et al. Mouthwash use and cancer of the head and neck: a pooled analysis from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25: 344-348.","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000179"},{"key":"9115_CR4296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ustrell-Borr\u00e0s M, Traboulsi-Garet B, Gay-Escoda C. Alcohol-based mouthwash as a risk factor of oral cancer: a systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; DOI: 10.4317\/medoral.23085.","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.23085"},{"key":"9115_CR4298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aceves Argem\u00ed R, Gonz\u00e1lez Navarro B, Ochoa Garc\u00eda-Seisdedos P, Estrugo Devesa A, L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez J. Mouthwash with alcohol and oral carcinogenesis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2020; 20: 101407.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2020.101407"},{"key":"9115_CR4300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laumen J G E, Van Dijck C, Manoharan-Basil S S et al. The effect of daily usage of Listerine Cool Mint mouthwash on the oropharyngeal microbiome: a substudy of the PReGo trial. J Med Microbiol 2024; DOI: 10.1099\/jmm.0.001830.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3687520\/v1"},{"key":"9115_CR4303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes M, Louren\u00e7o T, Lopes A, Sp\u00ednola Santos A, Pereira Santos M C, Pereira Barbosa M. Chlorhexidine: a hidden life-threatening allergen. Asia Pac Allergy 2019; DOI: 10.5415\/apallergy.2019.9.e29.","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2019.9.e29"}],"container-title":["British Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41415-025-9115-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41415-025-9115-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41415-025-9115-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T15:08:44Z","timestamp":1757689724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41415-025-9115-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41415-025-9115-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0610","1476-5373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0610","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declaration"}}]}}