{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:35:30Z","timestamp":1793370930596,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on long-term risk of cancer after a postmenopausal bleeding diagnosis are sparse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used Danish medical registries to conduct a population-based cohort study of women with a first hospital-diagnosed postmenopausal bleeding during 1995\u20132013. We computed the absolute risk of cancer and the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) comparing the observed cancer incidence with that expected in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 43,756 women with postmenopausal bleeding, the absolute 1- and 5-year risk of endometrial cancer were 4.66% and 5.18%, respectively. The SIR of endometrial cancer was elevated during 0\u20133 months (SIR\u2009=\u2009330.36 (95% CI: 315.43\u2013345.81)), 3\u201312 months (SIR\u2009=\u200911.39 (95% CI: 9.79\u201313.17)), 1\u20135 years (SIR\u2009=\u20092.55 (95% CI: 2.19\u20132.94)) and &gt;5 years of follow-up (SIR\u2009=\u20091.63 (95% CI: 1.40\u20131.90)). All selected gynaecological and urological, gastrointestinal and haematological cancers had elevated 0\u20133 months SIRs. Beyond 1 year of follow-up the SIRs of ovarian and bladder cancer remained elevated with a 1\u20135-year SIR of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.71\u20132.65) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.14\u20131.80), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Danish population, women with a first hospital-diagnosed postmenopausal bleeding have an increased 0\u20133 months risk of gynaecological, urological, gastrointestinal and haematological cancers. The SIR of endometrial, ovarian and bladder cancer remained elevated for several years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0668-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T00:05:18Z","timestamp":1575590718000},"page":"445-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["First-time postmenopausal bleeding as a clinical marker of long-term cancer risk: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Maria B.","family":"Bengtsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katalin","family":"Veres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.10.1025","volume":"20","author":"RB Goldstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goldstein, R. 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According to Danish legislation, our own approvals to use the Danish data sources for the current study do not allow us to distribute or make patient data directly available to other parties. Interested researchers may apply for data access through the Research Service at the Danish Health Data Authority. Up-to-date information on data access is available online (). Access to data from the Danish Health Data Authority requires approval from the Danish Data Protection Agency (). We do not have special access privileges to these data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was supported by the Program for Clinical Research Infrastructure (PROCRIN), established by the Lundbeck Foundation and the Novo Nordisk Foundation, and the Danish Cancer Society. The funding sources had no involvement in the collection, analysis or interpretation of these data or in the decision to submit the article for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding information"}}]}}