{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T21:05:12Z","timestamp":1785272712785,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Irene M. & Fredrick J. Stare Nutrition Education Fund Doctoral Scholarship and Mayer Fund Doctoral Scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRSG-17-220-01-NEC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRSG-17-220-01-NEC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00 CA215314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00 CA215314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA137178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA137178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 CA253185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 CA253185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 CA186107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 CA186107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA176726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA176726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA87969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA87969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA167552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA167552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000321","name":"World Cancer Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01975-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T05:03:34Z","timestamp":1663823014000},"page":"1974-1982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Long-term use of antihypertensive medications, hypertension and colorectal cancer risk and mortality: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Yin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1324-0316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Meyerhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter C.","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6123-0219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward L.","family":"Giovannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1975_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000578","volume":"30","author":"K Xuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xuan K, Zhao T, Sun C, Patel AS, Liu H, Chen X, et al. The association between hypertension and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2021;30:84\u201396.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"1975_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djt374","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt374","volume":"106","author":"GA Makar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makar GA, Holmes JH, Yang YX. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy and colorectal cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106:djt374.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1975_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-015-0617-1","volume":"26","author":"YN Dai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dai YN, Wang JH, Zhu JZ, Lin JQ, Yu CH, Li YM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers therapy and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control. 2015;26:1245\u201355.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"1975_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k4209","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4209","volume":"363","author":"BM Hicks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hicks BM, Filion KB, Yin H, Sakr L, Udell JA, Azoulay L. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of lung cancer: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2018;363:k4209.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1975_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k4337","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4337","volume":"363","author":"D Cronin-Fenton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cronin-Fenton D. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and lung cancer. BMJ. 2018;363:k4337.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1975_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03228-0","volume":"352","author":"AF Lever","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lever AF, Hole DJ, Gillis CR, McCallum IR, McInnes GT, MacKinnon PL, et al. Do inhibitors of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme protect against risk of cancer? Lancet 1998;352:179\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1975_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0095","volume":"17","author":"DM Boudreau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boudreau DM, Koehler E, Rulyak SJ, Haneuse S, Harrison R, Mandelson MT. Cardiovascular medication use and risk for colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2008;17:3076\u201380.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"1975_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981101)83:9<2003::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"83","author":"KB Michels","year":"1998","unstructured":"Michels KB, Rosner BA, Walker AM, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, et al. Calcium channel blockers, cancer incidence, and cancer mortality in a cohort of U.S. women: the nurses\u2019 health study. Cancer 1998;83:2003\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1975_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147032031989564","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320319895646","volume":"21","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen X, Yi CH, Ya KG. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use and colorectal cancer risk and mortality: a dose-response meta analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2020;21:1470320319895646.","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"1975_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1593\/tlo.13346","volume":"6","author":"DR Engineer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Engineer DR, Burney BO, Hayes TG, Garcia JM. Exposure to ACEI\/ARB and beta-blockers is associated with improved survival and decreased tumor progression and hospitalizations in patients with advanced colon cancer. Transl Oncol. 2013;6:539\u201345.","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"1975_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70260-6","volume":"12","author":"S Bangalore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bangalore S, Kumar S, Kjeldsen SE, Makani H, Grossman E, Wetterslev J, et al. Antihypertensive drugs and risk of cancer: network meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of 324,168 participants from randomised trials. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:65\u201382.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1975_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2697","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2697","volume":"344","author":"K Bhaskaran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Evans S, van Staa T, Smeeth L. Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer: cohort study among people receiving antihypertensive drugs in UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ. 2012;344:e2697.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1975_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70106-6","volume":"11","author":"I Sipahi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sipahi I, Debanne SM, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC. Angiotensin-receptor blockade and risk of cancer: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:627\u201336.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1975_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30717","volume":"141","author":"L Jansen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jansen L, Weberpals J, Kuiper JG, Vissers PAJ, Wolkewitz M, Hoffmeister M, et al. Pre- and post-diagnostic beta-blocker use and prognosis after colorectal cancer: results from a population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:62\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"1975_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26727","volume":"118","author":"L Jansen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jansen L, Below J, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M. Beta blocker use and colorectal cancer risk: population-based case-control study. Cancer 2012;118:3911\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1975_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e036164","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036164","volume":"10","author":"R Ahl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahl R, Matthiessen P, Sjolin G, Cao Y, Wallin G, Ljungqvist O, et al. Effects of beta-blocker therapy on mortality after elective colon cancer surgery: a Swedish nationwide cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10:e036164.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1975_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.012","volume":"44","author":"RP Musselman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Musselman RP, Bennett S, Li W, Mamdani M, Gomes T, van Walraven C, et al. Association between perioperative beta blocker use and cancer survival following surgical resection. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018;44:1164\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1975_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05058-z","volume":"43","author":"R Ahl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahl R, Matthiessen P, Cao Y, Sjolin G, Ljungqvist O, Mohseni S. The relationship between severe complications, beta-blocker therapy and long-term survival following emergency surgery for colon cancer. World J Surg. 2019;43:2527\u201335.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"1975_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt381","volume":"24","author":"BM Hicks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hicks BM, Murray LJ, Powe DG, Hughes CM, Cardwell CR. beta-Blocker usage and colorectal cancer mortality: a nested case-control study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink cohort. Ann Oncol. 2013;24:3100\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1975_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz106","volume":"188","author":"Y Cui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cui Y, Wen W, Zheng T, Li H, Gao YT, Cai H, et al. Use of Antihypertensive medications and survival rates for breast, colorectal, lung, or stomach cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188:1512\u201328.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1975_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009147","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009147","volume":"6","author":"L Grimaldi-Bensouda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Klungel O, Kurz X, de Groot MC, Maciel Afonso AS, de Bruin ML, et al. Calcium channel blockers and cancer: a risk analysis using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). BMJ Open. 2016;6:e009147.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1975_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2945","volume":"10","author":"AJ George","year":"2010","unstructured":"George AJ, Thomas WG, Hannan RD. The renin-angiotensin system and cancer: old dog, new tricks. Nat Rev Cancer. 2010;10:745\u201359.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"1975_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mravec B, Horvathova L, Hunakova L. Neurobiology of cancer: the role of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in various tumor environments. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:7958.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217958"},{"key":"1975_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25092","volume":"231","author":"CC Chin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chin CC, Li JM, Lee KF, Huang YC, Wang KC, Lai HC, et al. Selective beta2-AR blockage suppresses colorectal cancer growth through regulation of EGFR-Akt\/ERK1\/2 signaling, G1-phase arrest, and apoptosis. J Cell Physiol. 2016;231:459\u201372.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1975_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00447-7","volume":"34","author":"RP Mason","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mason RP. Calcium channel blockers, apoptosis and cancer: is there a biologic relationship? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:1857\u201366.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1975_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006293422606","volume":"342","author":"PA Janne","year":"2000","unstructured":"Janne PA, Mayer RJ. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1960\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1975_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.290809","volume":"64","author":"E Giovannucci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giovannucci E. Aspirin and delayed chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Clin Chem. 2018;64:1668\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"1975_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70035-X","volume":"10","author":"J Cuzick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cuzick J, Otto F, Baron JA, Brown PH, Burn J, Greenwald P, et al. Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cancer prevention: an international consensus statement. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:501\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1975_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab009","volume":"113","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chan AT, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL. Timing of aspirin use in colorectal cancer chemoprevention: a prospective cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021;113:841\u201351.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1975_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001543","volume":"117","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu K, Chan AT, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL. Long-term statin use, total cholesterol level, and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117:158\u201366.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1975_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0577","volume":"164","author":"K Bibbins-Domingo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bibbins-Domingo K. Force USPST. Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164:836\u201345.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1975_CR32","first-page":"1039","volume":"78","author":"CF Belanger","year":"1978","unstructured":"Belanger CF, Hennekens CH, Rosner B, Speizer FE. The nurses\u2019 health study. Am J Nurs. 1978;78:1039\u201340.","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"1975_CR33","unstructured":"Harvard School of Public Health. Health professionals follow-up study. https:\/\/sites.sph.harvard.edu\/hpfs\/ (Accessed September 10, 2022)."},{"key":"1975_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.30","volume":"11","author":"K Yoshida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshida K, Solomon DH, Kim SC. Active-comparator design and new-user design in observational studies. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11:437\u201341.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"1975_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114319","volume":"123","author":"GA Colditz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Colditz GA, Martin P, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Sampson L, Rosner B, et al. Validation of questionnaire information on risk factors and disease outcomes in a prospective cohort study of women. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123:894\u2013900.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1975_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303320","volume":"106","author":"DH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee DH, Keum N, Giovannucci EL. Colorectal cancer epidemiology in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study. Am J Public Health. 2016;106:1599\u2013607.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"1975_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0189-8","volume":"16","author":"N Keum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keum N, Giovannucci E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16:713\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1975_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113804","volume":"119","author":"MJ Stampfer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Dysert DC, Lipnick R, Rosner B, et al. Test of the national death index. Am J Epidemiol. 1984;119:837\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1975_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","volume":"16","author":"KT Mills","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16:223\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"1975_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6914a1","volume":"69","author":"CM Samanic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Samanic CM, Barbour KE, Liu Y, Fang J, Lu H, Schieb L, et al. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension and antihypertensive medication use among adults\u2014United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:393\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"1975_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209\u201349.","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"1975_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djt438","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt438","volume":"106","author":"M Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song M, Giovannucci EL. Antihypertension and colorectal cancer prevention: getting two birds with one stone. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106:djt438.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1975_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70142-X","volume":"11","author":"SE Nissen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nissen SE. Angiotensin-receptor blockers and cancer: urgent regulatory review needed. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:605\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1975_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15317","volume":"76","author":"KS Cheung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheung KS, Chan EW, Seto WK, Wong ICK, Leung WK. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers are associated with lower colorectal cancer risk: a territory-wide study with propensity score analysis. Hypertension 2020;76:968\u201375.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1975_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brasky TM, Flores KF, Larson JC, Newton AM, Shadyab AH, Watanabe JH, et al. Associations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use with colorectal cancer risk in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021;30:1029\u201332.","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1401"},{"key":"1975_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001065","volume":"30","author":"PT Htoo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Htoo PT, Sturmer T, Jonsson-Funk M, Pate V, Simpson RJ Jr., Lund JL. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-based antihypertensive agents and the risk of colorectal cancer among medicare beneficiaries. Epidemiology 2019;30:867\u201375.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"1975_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.196709","volume":"144","author":"X Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu X, Liang J, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Cai Q, Long J, et al. Calcium intake and ion transporter genetic polymorphisms interact in human colorectal neoplasia risk in a 2-phase study. J Nutr. 2014;144:1734\u201341.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"1975_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22678","volume":"56","author":"J Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao J, Zhu X, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Hibler EA, Cai Q, et al. Interactions between calcium intake and polymorphisms in genes essential for calcium reabsorption and risk of colorectal neoplasia in a two-phase study. Mol Carcinog. 2017;56:2258\u201366.","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41416-022-01975-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41416-022-01975-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41416-022-01975-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:14:27Z","timestamp":1669162467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41416-022-01975-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]}},"alternative-id":["1975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-022-01975-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0920","1532-1827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0920","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-1827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. Meyerhardt declares institutional research funding from Boston Biomedical and consulting for Ignyta, Taiho Pharmaceutical, and Cota, outside the submitted work. Dr. Chan declares research funding from Bayer and consulting for Bayer, Pfizer Inc. and Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Nurses\u2019 Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (Boston, MA), and those of participating registries as required. Written informed consent was required to retrieve medical records.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}