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Oral oestrogen combined with daily progestin was associated with the highest risk of BC (HR 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31\u20132.54), with drug-specific HRs ranging from Cliovelle\u00ae: 1.63 (95% CI 1.35\u20131.96) to Kliogest\u00ae: 2.67 (2.37\u20133.00). Vaginal oestradiol was not associated with BC risk. HT use was more strongly associated with luminal A cancer (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.86\u20132.09) than other molecular subtypes, and more strongly with interval (HR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.85\u20132.15) than screen-detected (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.34\u20131.47) BC in women 50\u201371 years. HRs for HT use decreased with increasing BMI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The use of oral and transdermal HT was associated with an increased risk of BC. The associations varied according to HT type, individual drugs, molecular subtype, detection mode and BMI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02590-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T06:02:25Z","timestamp":1715580145000},"page":"126-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: a population-based cohort study of 1.3 million women in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8994-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie C.","family":"St\u00f8er","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siri","family":"Vangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deependra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1426-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9e T.","family":"Fortner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0178-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solveig","family":"Hofvind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giske","family":"Ursin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Botteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2590_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31709-X","volume":"394","author":"Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. 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Data has been corrected in Table 5. The corrections does not have any effect on the conclusions of the paper.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2025","order":8,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":9,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-025-03038-w","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-025-03038-w","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study has a legal basis in accordance with Articles 6(1)(e) and 9(2)(j)) of the GDPR. The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics S\u00f8r-\u00d8st (S-09113b 2009\/2062, 2009\/594, 2014\/1854\/REK s\u00f8r-\u00f8st B) and by the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (17\/00222-4\/GRA). The data was disclosed with legal basis in the Cancer Registry Regulations section 3-1 and the Personal Health Data Filing System Act section 19 a to 19\u2009h and regulations on population-based health surveys 6-1.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}