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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) was historically the cut-off for surgical treatment, however it is increasingly managed with active surveillance, while there is currently no accurate way to predict which lesions will regress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed the first Illumina 850k array on DNA from serial liquid based-cytology cervical samples from young women with CIN2 that were managed with active surveillance (n\u2009=\u200958). Linear regression identified differentially-methylated sites at baseline distinguishing regressors from non-regressors with persistent or progressive disease at 24-months. Associations with imminent regression and histological change were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified three novel differentially-methylated sites; cg12754953 (\n                      <jats:italic>ALDH9A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) methylation was significantly increased at baseline in non-regressors, cg18887759 (\n                      <jats:italic>MED25<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) methylation was significantly lower in samples from women who regressed within the subsequent 12 months, and cg13556949 (\n                      <jats:italic>TULP2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) methylation increased over time between baseline and 12-months of follow-up in non-regressors as compared to regressors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Methylation could help guide treatment decisions in women considering active surveillance of CIN2 lesions.\n                      <jats:italic>ALDH9A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>MED25<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TULP2<\/jats:italic>\n                      may be implicated as genes with possible roles in host response to viral mechanisms. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-026-03391-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T10:05:15Z","timestamp":1775901915000},"page":"118-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Methylation biomarkers in non-regressive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 lesions: an epigenome wide association study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Laura Burney","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Paraskevaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Paraskevaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Barbara","family":"Moscicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7165-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kyrgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3391_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70445-7","volume":"132","author":"A-B Moscicki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moscicki A-B, Shiboski S, Broering J, Powell K, Clayton L, Jay N, et al. 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