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Alcohol consumption was assessed with semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires. The data on breast cancer (BCa) risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Immunofluorescence for stromal markers was performed on tissue microarrays. For each core, the % positivity was quantified by inForm v2.6.0. Generalised linear regression was used to examine associations between alcohol consumption (recent [at biopsy date] and cumulative average from all available questionnaires before the biopsy date) and log-transformed expression of each marker, adjusting for BCa risk factors and BBD subtype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In multivariate analysis, we observed a suggestive positive association of cumulative average alcohol with TNC (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      per 11\u2009g\/day\u2009=\u20090.59, 95% CI \u22120.03,1.22,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06). Alcohol consumption was not associated with \u03b1-SMA, FAP, s100a6, and MMP14.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol consumption may be associated with an increased normal stromal fibroblast activation as measured by TNC expression in histologically normal breast tissue. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-026-03481-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:42:55Z","timestamp":1781160175000},"page":"784-790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of alcohol use with expression of stromal markers in benign breast biopsy samples"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Anjoli","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8930-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujing J.","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian R.","family":"Sardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maisey","family":"Ratcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6907-0056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2306-8668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rulla M.","family":"Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1626-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lusine","family":"Yaghjyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3481_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv156","volume":"45","author":"S Jung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung S, Wang M, Anderson K, Baglietto L, Bergkvist L, Bernstein L, et al. 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