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Previously, we have found that oncolytic adenoviruses expressing a TGF\u03b2 signaling inhibitory protein (sTGF\u03b2RIIFc) induced immune activation in a mouse TNBC (4T1) immunocompetent subcutaneous model with intratumoral injection. Systemic administration of adenoviruses can be a superior route to treat mTNBC but faces the challenges of increased toxicity and viral clearance. Thus, we created a liver-de-targeted sTGF\u03b2RIIFc- and LyP-1 peptide-expressing adenovirus (mHAdLyp.sT) with enhanced breast cancer cell tropism. Its safety and immune response features were profiled in the 4T1 model. Our data showed that the systemic administration of mHAdLyp.sT resulted in reduced hepatic and systemic toxicity. mHAdLyp.sT was also effective in increasing Th1 cytokines and anti-tumor cell populations by cytokine analysis, spleen\/tumor qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry. We further tested the therapeutic effects of mHAdLyp.sT alone and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). mHAdLyp.sT alone and with all ICI combinations elicited significant inhibition of lung metastasis by histological analysis. When mHAdLyp.sT was combined with both anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, primary 4T1 tumor growth was also significantly inhibited. We are confident in advancing this new treatment option for mTNBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-024-00735-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T03:02:02Z","timestamp":1706065322000},"page":"574-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The safety and efficacy of systemic delivery of a new liver-de-targeted TGF\u03b2 signaling inhibiting adenovirus in an immunocompetent triple negative mouse mammary tumor model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Soon Cheon","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5614-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee E.","family":"Vickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beniamin","family":"Filimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6518-660X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy A.","family":"Mangold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9815-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bellur S.","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7571-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weidong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"735_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v13.i3.219","volume":"13","author":"GA Valencia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valencia GA, Rioja P, Morante Z, Ruiz R, Fuentes H, Castaneda CA, et al. 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