{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T13:31:53Z","timestamp":1793971913364,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008064","name":"Georgetown University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-CA051008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-CA051008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008064","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Death Differ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-0502-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T11:04:14Z","timestamp":1581073454000},"page":"2263-2279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mutant GTF2I induces cell transformation and metabolic alterations in thymic epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8427-8311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanhua","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruzong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Avantaggiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Giaccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S260","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f1f62d","volume":"5","author":"EA Engels","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engels EA. Epidemiology of thymoma and associated malignancies. J Thorac Oncol. 2010;5:S260\u2013265.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"502_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.11.004","volume":"44","author":"WK De Jong","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Jong WK, Blaauwgeers JL, Schaapveld M, Timens W, Klinkenberg TJ, Groen HJ. Thymic epithelial tumours: a population-based study of the incidence, diagnostic procedures and therapy. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44:123\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"502_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000654","volume":"10","author":"A Marx","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marx A, Chan JK, Coindre JM, Detterbeck F, Girard N, Harris NL, et al. The 2015 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the thymus: continuity and changes. J Thorac Oncol. 2015;10:1383\u201395.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"502_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.05.038","volume":"37","author":"F Venuta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Venuta F, Anile M, Diso D, Vitolo D, Rendina EA, De Giacomo T, et al. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;37:13\u201325.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"502_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.01.012","volume":"99","author":"M Scorsetti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scorsetti M, Leo F, Trama A, D\u2019Angelillo R, Serpico D, Macerelli M, et al. Thymoma and thymic carcinomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;99:332\u201350.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"502_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4820","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.0487","volume":"29","author":"RJ Kelly","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kelly RJ, Petrini I, Rajan A, Wang Y, Giaccone G. Thymic malignancies: from clinical management to targeted therapies. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4820\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"502_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3016","volume":"46","author":"I Petrini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petrini I, Meltzer PS, Kim IK, Lucchi M, Park KS, Fontanini G, et al. A specific missense mutation in GTF2I occurs at high frequency in thymic epithelial tumors. Nat Genet. 2014;46:844\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"502_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.003","volume":"33","author":"M Radovich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Radovich M, Pickering CR, Felau I, Ha G, Zhang H, Jo H, et al. The integrated genomic landscape of thymic epithelial tumors. Cancer Cell. 2018;33:244\u201358 e210.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"502_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.04.002","volume":"23","author":"AL Roy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roy AL. Pathophysiology of TFII-I: old guard wearing new hats. Trends Mol Med. 2017;23:501\u201311.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"502_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.04747604","volume":"13","author":"TA Hinsley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hinsley TA, Cunliffe P, Tipney HJ, Brass A, Tassabehji M. Comparison of TFII-I gene family members deleted in Williams\u2013Beuren syndrome. Protein Sci. 2004;13:2588\u201399.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"502_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2011.10.030","volume":"492","author":"AL Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy AL. Biochemistry and biology of the inducible multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I: 10 years later. Gene. 2012;492:32\u201341.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"502_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3198","volume":"33","author":"VT Chu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chu VT, Weber T, Wefers B, Wurst W, Sander S, Rajewsky K, et al. Increasing the efficiency of homology-directed repair for CRISPR-Cas9-induced precise gene editing in mammalian cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2015;33:543\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"502_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.143","volume":"8","author":"FA Ran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ran FA, Hsu PD, Wright J, Agarwala V, Scott DA, Zhang F. Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Nat Protoc. 2013;8:2281\u2013308.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"502_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.09.005","volume":"24","author":"S Hakre","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hakre S, Tussie-Luna MI, Ashworth T, Novina CD, Settleman J, Sharp PA, et al. Opposing functions of TFII-I spliced isoforms in growth factor-induced gene expression. Mol Cell. 2006;24:301\u20138.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"502_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.08.021","volume":"154","author":"FA Ran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ran FA, Hsu PD, Lin CY, Gootenberg JS, Konermann S, Trevino AE, et al. Double nicking by RNA-guided CRISPR Cas9 for enhanced genome editing specificity. Cell. 2013;154:1380\u20139.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"502_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-00283","volume":"198","author":"SH Park","year":"2002","unstructured":"Park SH, Kim HK, Kim H, Ro JY. Apoptosis in thymic epithelial tumors. Pathol Res Pract. 2002;198:461\u20137.","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"502_CR17","volume-title":"Epithelial tumors of the thymus: pathology, biology, treatment","author":"M Alexander","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alexander M, Hans KM-H. Epithelial tumors of the thymus: pathology, biology, treatment. New York: Plenum Press; 1997."},{"key":"502_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2015.49","volume":"5","author":"S Beloribi-Djefaflia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beloribi-Djefaflia S, Vasseur S, Guillaumond F. Lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Oncogenesis. 2016;5:e189.","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"502_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.011338","volume":"6","author":"F Baenke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baenke F, Peck B, Miess H, Schulze A. Hooked on fat: the role of lipid synthesis in cancer metabolism and tumour development. Dis Model Mech. 2013;6:1353\u201363.","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"502_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004419","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004419","volume":"10","author":"FJ Fattah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fattah FJ, Hara K, Fattah KR, Yang C, Wu N, Warrington R, et al. The transcription factor TFII-I promotes DNA translesion synthesis and genomic stability. PLoS Genet. 2014;10:e1004419.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"502_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.02.014","volume":"152","author":"TI Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee TI, Young RA. Transcriptional regulation and its misregulation in disease. Cell. 2013;152:1237\u201351.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"502_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014209","volume":"364","author":"E Tiacci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tiacci E, Trifonov V, Schiavoni G, Holmes A, Kern W, Martelli MP, et al. BRAF mutations in hairy-cell leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2305\u201315.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"502_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.231894.113","volume":"28","author":"M Conacci-Sorrell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Conacci-Sorrell M, Ngouenet C, Anderson S, Brabletz T, Eisenman RN. Stress-induced cleavage of Myc promotes cancer cell survival. Genes Dev. 2014;28:689\u2013707.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"502_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3123","volume":"13","author":"DJ Gordon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gordon DJ, Resio B, Pellman D. Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13:189\u2013203.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"502_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt171","volume":"34","author":"G Hognas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hognas G, Hamalisto S, Rilla K, Laine JO, Vilkki V, Murumagi A, et al. Aneuploidy facilitates oncogenic transformation via specific genetic alterations, including Twist2 upregulation. Carcinogenesis. 2013;34:2000\u20139.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"502_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP0T1JFYLMPHMI","volume":"137","author":"B Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu B, Rao Q, Zhu Y, Yu B, Zhu HY, Zhou XJ. Metaplastic thymoma of the mediastinum. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic analysis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2012;137:261\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"502_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3851","volume":"11","author":"T Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang T, Chen XU, Chu X, Shen YI, Jiao W, Wei Y, et al. Slug overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in thymoma patients. Oncol Lett. 2016;11:306\u201310.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"502_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10476","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313682200","volume":"279","author":"B Scheijen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scheijen B, Bronk M, van der Meer T, De Jong D, Bernards R. High incidence of thymic epithelial tumors in E2F2 transgenic mice. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:10476\u201383.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"502_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","volume":"144","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144:646\u201374.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"502_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-016-0160-x","volume":"4","author":"M Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu M, Quek LE, Sultani G, Turner N. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction is associated with augmented glucose uptake and lactate production in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Metab. 2016;4:19.","journal-title":"Cancer Metab"},{"key":"502_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22078","volume":"119","author":"RJ Rieker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rieker RJ, Joos S, Mechtersheimer G, Blaeker H, Schnabel PA, Morresi-Hauf A, et al. COX-2 upregulation in thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Int J Cancer. 2006;119:2063\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"502_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2007.01.001","volume":"46","author":"YJ Kang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kang YJ, Mbonye UR, DeLong CJ, Wada M, Smith WL. Regulation of intracellular cyclooxygenase levels by gene transcription and protein degradation. Prog Lipid Res. 2007;46:108\u201325.","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"502_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25524","volume":"128","author":"Y Bu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bu Y, Gao L, Gelman IH. Role for transcription factor TFII-I in the suppression of SSeCKS\/Gravin\/Akap12 transcription by Src. Int J Cancer. 2011;128:1836\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"502_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.2001.0335","volume":"66","author":"AT Koki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koki AT, Khan NK, Woerner BM, Seibert K, Harmon JL, Dannenberg AJ, et al. Characterization of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during tumorigenesis in human epithelial cancers: evidence for potential clinical utility of COX-2 inhibitors in epithelial cancers. Prostaglandins Leukot Ess Fat Acids. 2002;66:13\u201318.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Ess Fat Acids"},{"key":"502_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-14-0543","volume":"13","author":"M Majumder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Majumder M, Landman E, Liu L, Hess D, Lala PK. COX-2 elevates oncogenic miR-526b in breast cancer by EP4 activation. Mol Cancer Res. 2015;13:1022\u201333.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"502_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.321","volume":"34","author":"L Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang L, Xiao L, Sugiura H, Huang X, Ali A, Kuro-o M, et al. Metabolic reprogramming during TGFbeta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene. 2015;34:3908\u201316.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"502_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140735","volume":"319","author":"TD Halazonetis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Halazonetis TD, Gorgoulis VG, Bartek J. An oncogene-induced DNA damage model for cancer development. Science. 2008;319:1352\u20135.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"502_CR38","first-page":"639","volume":"1","author":"AL Gartel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gartel AL, Tyner AL. The role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther. 2002;1:639\u201349.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"502_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2010.01.009","volume":"704","author":"O Cazzalini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cazzalini O, Scovassi AI, Savio M, Stivala LA, Prosperi E. Multiple roles of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(CDKN1A) in the DNA damage response. Mutat Res. 2010;704:12\u201320.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"502_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.18632\/genesandcancer.120","volume":"7","author":"J Hernandez-Monge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hernandez-Monge J, Rousset-Roman AB, Medina-Medina I, Olivares-Illana V. Dual function of MDM2 and MDMX toward the tumor suppressors p53 and RB. Genes Cancer. 2016;7:278\u201387.","journal-title":"Genes Cancer"},{"key":"502_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2017.05.020","volume":"110","author":"Y Feng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feng Y, Lei Y, Wu X, Huang Y, Rao H, Zhang Y, et al. GTF2I mutation frequently occurs in more indolent thymic epithelial tumors and predicts better prognosis. Lung Cancer. 2017;110:48\u201352.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"502_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E808","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.07.95","volume":"9","author":"W Grajkowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grajkowska W, Matyja E, Kunicki J, Szymanska S, Marx A, Weis CA, et al. AB thymoma with atypical type A component with delayed multiple lung and brain metastases. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9:E808\u2013E814.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"502_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0321","volume":"8","author":"MT Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang MT, Bhattarai TS, Schram AM, Bielski CM, Donoghue MTA, Jonsson P, et al. Accelerating discovery of functional mutant alleles in cancer. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:174\u201383.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"}],"container-title":["Cell Death & Differentiation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41418-020-0502-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41418-020-0502-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41418-020-0502-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T21:15:35Z","timestamp":1684617335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41418-020-0502-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-020-0502-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-9047","1476-5403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-9047","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}