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Our study showed that CSN6 expression was upregulated in melanoma patients and cells, and correlated with poor survival in melanoma patients. In melanoma cells, CSN6 knockdown remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion, whereas CSN6 recovery rescued the proliferative and metastatic abilities. Notably, we identified that CSN6 stabilized CDK9 expression by reducing CDK9 ubiquitination levels, thereby activating CDK9-mediated signaling pathways. In addition, our study described a novel CSN6-interacting E3 ligase UBR5, which was negatively regulated by CSN6 and could regulate the ubiquitination and degradation of CDK9 in melanoma cells. Furthermore, in CSN6-knockdown melanoma cells, UBR5 knockdown abrogated the effects caused by CSN6 silencing, suggesting that CSN6 activates the UBR5\/CDK9 pathway to promote melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis. Thus, this study illustrates the mechanism by which the CSN6-UBR5-CDK9 axis promotes melanoma development, and demonstrate that CSN6 may be a potential biomarker and anticancer target in melanoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03398-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T09:09:04Z","timestamp":1611306544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: CSN6 promotes melanoma proliferation and metastasis by controlling the UBR5-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of CDK9"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7633-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianbing","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaomin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yudong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lichao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanrong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yacong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leiyang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4321-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongjuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31559-9","volume":"392","author":"D Schadendorf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schadendorf, D. et al. 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Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-025-07891-8","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-025-07891-8","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"In vivo experiments have been approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Southwest University (Chongqing, China). The tumour tissue samples have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Hebei, China).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"118"}}