{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:52:48Z","timestamp":1794325968869,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31771662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2704700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2704700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Death Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Successful pregnancy requires precise immune interactions between fetal extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and maternal decidual immune cells at the maternal\u2013fetal interface. Glycosylation, particularly terminal sialylation, is emerging as a key modulator of these interactions; however, its functional role in regulating the EVT\u2013immune crosstalk remains poorly defined. Here, we aimed to identify a critical sialic acid\u2013Siglec-7\u2013IL-8\u2013STAT3 signaling axis that promotes EVT invasiveness and is disrupted during recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Using primary human tissues and organ-on-chip models, we demonstrate that EVTs from patients with RPL exhibit reduced sialylation, coinciding with an increased proportion of Siglec-7\u207a decidual natural killer (dNK) cells. Mechanistically, sialylated glycoproteins on EVT surfaces engage Siglec-7, stimulating IL-8 secretion by dNK cells, which, in turn, activates STAT3 in EVTs to enhance migration and invasion. Restoration of EVT sialylation re-engages Siglec-7, rescues IL-8\u2013STAT3 signaling, and restores invasive capacity. Our findings reveal that defective EVT sialylation disrupts a key immunological checkpoint that normally promotes EVT invasion and potentially contributes to RPL. This work provides direct mechanistic evidence that specific glycan-encoded immune signals at the maternal-fetal interface are critical for healthy pregnancy outcomes and suggests that modulating sialylation may offer a therapeutic strategy for RPL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-026-08503-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:45:30Z","timestamp":1772466330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deficient extravillous trophoblast invasion caused by impaired sialylation\u2013Siglec-7 interaction contributes to recurrent pregnancy loss"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8450-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianhong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3477-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao-Jie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0908-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7781-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"8503_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3131","volume":"16","author":"M PrabhuDas","year":"2015","unstructured":"PrabhuDas M, Bonney E, Caron K, Dey S, Erlebacher A, Fazleabas A, et al. Immune mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface: perspectives and challenges. Nat Immunol. 2015;16:328\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"8503_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmad024","volume":"30","author":"J Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong J, Li J, Burton GJ, Koistinen H, Cheung KW, Ng EHY, et al. The functional roles of protein glycosylation in human maternal-fetal crosstalk. Hum Reprod Update. 2024;30:81\u2013108.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"8503_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06517.x","volume":"1253","author":"A Varki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Varki A, Gagneux P. Multifarious roles of sialic acids in immunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1253:16\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"8503_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioad105","volume":"109","author":"X Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun X, Feng Y, Ma Q, Wang Y, Ma F. Protein glycosylation: bridging maternal-fetal crosstalk during embryo implantation. Biol Reprod. 2023;109:785\u201398.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"8503_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Sun X, Ma Q, Ma F. The sweet relationship between the endometrium and protein glycosylation. Biomolecules. 2024;14:770.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14070770"},{"key":"8503_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03288-x","volume":"77","author":"H L\u00e4ubli","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00e4ubli H, Varki A. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) detect self-associated molecular patterns to regulate immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020;77:593\u2013605.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"8503_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.07.021","volume":"72","author":"X Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong X, Wang H, Cai J, Wang Y, Chai D, Sun Z, et al. ST6GALNAC1-mediated sialylation in uterine endometrial epithelium facilitates the epithelium-embryo attachment. J Adv Res. 2025;72:197\u2013212.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"8503_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.728291","volume":"12","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wei H. Role of decidual natural killer cells in human pregnancy and related pregnancy complications. Front Immunol. 2021;12:728291.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8503_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viloti\u0107 A, Nacka-Aleksi\u0107 M, Pirkovi\u0107 A, Boji\u0107-Trbojevi\u0107 \u017d, Dekanski D, Jovanovi\u0107 Krivoku\u0107a M. IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:14574.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314574"},{"key":"8503_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71533-w","volume":"14","author":"F Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li F, Chen L, Xia Q, Feng Z, Li N. Combined knockdown of CD151 and MMP9 may inhibit the malignant biological behaviours of triple-negative breast cancer through the GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin-related pathway. Sci Rep. 2024;14:21786.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8503_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1494005","volume":"15","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Fang L, Xiao L, Zhong G, Han M, Wang B, et al. Research on the effect of LAMP1 in the development and progression of ccRCC and its potential mechanism with LC3C-mediated autophagy. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1494005.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8503_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgad096","volume":"45","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Li R, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhao Y. ITGA2 as a prognostic factor of glioma promotes GSCs invasion and EMT by activating STAT3 phosphorylation. Carcinogenesis. 2024;45:235\u201346.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"8503_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2024.102518","volume":"90","author":"A Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao A, Zhu X, Wu H, Wang J, Zhang M, Xiang J, et al. B7-H3 promotes the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells via regulating the actin cytoskeleton and RhoA\/ROCK1\/LIMK1 signaling pathway. Tissue Cell. 2024;90:102518.","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"8503_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-022-09521-x","volume":"27","author":"RJ Amante","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amante RJ, Auf der Maur P, Richina V, Sethi A, Iesmantavicius V, Bonenfant D, et al. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 controls interleukin-8 expression in breast cancer Cells. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2022;27:145\u201353.","journal-title":"J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia"},{"key":"8503_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200197","volume":"189","author":"FF Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li FF, Shen J, Shen HJ, Zhang X, Cao R, Zhang Y, et al. Shp2 plays an important role in acute cigarette smoke-mediated lung inflammation. J Immunol. 2012;189:3159\u201367.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"8503_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45596","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045596","volume":"7","author":"MK Mamik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mamik MK, Ghorpade A. Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 2 and p38 regulate the expression of chemokine CXCL8 in human astrocytes. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e45596.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8503_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.592010","volume":"11","author":"X Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu X, Zhou Y, Wei H. Roles of HLA-G in the maternal-fetal immune microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2020;11:592010.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8503_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112065","volume":"133","author":"J Long","year":"2024","unstructured":"Long J, Zhao W, Xiang Y, Wang Y, Xiang W, Liu X, et al. STAT3 promotes cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of RNA-binding protein HuR to inhibit IL-1\u03b2-induced IL-8 production. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;133:112065.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"8503_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.216784","volume":"588","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Yang K, Li Y, Zhou S, Yao H, Zhao Y, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages drive glycolysis through the IL-8\/STAT3\/GLUT3 signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer progression. Cancer Lett. 2024;588:216784.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"8503_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28663-4","volume":"13","author":"JY Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park JY, Mani S, Clair G, Olson HM, Paurus VL, Ansong CK, et al. A microphysiological model of human trophoblast invasion during implantation. Nat Commun. 2022;13:1252.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"8503_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2421653122","volume":"122","author":"ZH Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu ZH, Yi C, Chen EX, Xu JQ, Li C, Yao L, et al. Dysregulation of MYBL2 impairs extravillous trophoblast lineage development and function, contributing to recurrent spontaneous abortion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2025;122:e2421653122.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8503_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00777-2","volume":"23","author":"A Moffett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moffett A, Shreeve N. Local immune recognition of trophoblast in early human pregnancy: controversies and questions. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023;23:222\u201335.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"8503_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M115.055798","volume":"15","author":"Q Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Q, Pang PC, Cohen ME, Longtine MS, Schust DJ, Haslam SM, et al. Evidence for differential glycosylation of trophoblast cell types. Mol Cell Proteom. 2016;15:1857\u201366.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteom"},{"key":"8503_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1479181","volume":"15","author":"J Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang J, Feng L, Huang J, Zhang G, Liao S. Unveiling sialoglycans\u2019 immune mastery in pregnancy and their intersection with tumor biology. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1479181.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8503_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13169","volume":"55","author":"K Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han K, Wang F, Yue Y, Tan X, Tian M, Miao Y, et al. Glycomics reveal that ST6GAL1-mediated sialylation regulates uterine lumen closure during implantation. Cell Prolif. 2022;55:e13169.","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"8503_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cws162","volume":"23","author":"BS Hromatka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hromatka BS, Drake PM, Kapidzic M, Stolp H, Goldfien GA, Shih IeM, et al. Polysialic acid enhances the migration and invasion of human cytotrophoblasts. Glycobiology. 2013;23:593\u2013602.","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"8503_CR27","first-page":"102","volume":"63","author":"SJ Kimber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kimber SJ, Bentley J, Ciemerych M, Moller CJ, Bock E. Expression of N-CAM in fertilized pre- and periimplantation and parthenogenetically activated mouse embryos. Eur J Cell Biol. 1994;63:102\u201313.","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"8503_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06087-8","volume":"7","author":"K Boelaars","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boelaars K, Rodriguez E, Huinen ZR, Liu C, Wang D, Springer BO, et al. Pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts modulate macrophage differentiation via sialic acid-Siglec interactions. Commun Biol. 2024;7:430.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"8503_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvae001","volume":"175","author":"S Ohashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ohashi S, Takakura D, Kobayashi N, Tokuhisa M, Ichikawa Y, Kawasaki N. Comparative analysis of site-specific N-glycosylation of LAMP1 from breast cancer tissues. J Biochem. 2024;175:561\u201372.","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"8503_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.608113","volume":"11","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang H, Xie Y, Hu Z, Yu H, Xie X, Ye Y, et al. Integrative analysis of the expression of SIGLEC family members in lung adenocarcinoma via data mining. Front Oncol. 2021;11:608113.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"8503_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.03.007","volume":"41","author":"C B\u00fcll","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u00fcll C, Heise T, Adema GJ, Boltje TJ. Sialic acid mimetics to target the sialic acid-siglec axis. Trends Biochem Sci. 2016;41:519\u201331.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"8503_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45821","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045821","volume":"7","author":"S Varchetta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Varchetta S, Brunetta E, Roberto A, Mikulak J, Hudspeth KL, Mondelli MU, et al. Engagement of Siglec-7 receptor induces a pro-inflammatory response selectively in monocytes. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e45821.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8503_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.04.012","volume":"31","author":"LG De Oliveira","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Oliveira LG, Lash GE, Murray-Dunning C, Bulmer JN, Innes BA, Searle RF, et al. Role of interleukin 8 in uterine natural killer cell regulation of extravillous trophoblast cell invasion. Placenta. 2010;31:595\u2013601.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"8503_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99945","volume":"129","author":"M Abeln","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abeln M, Albers I, Peters-Bernard U, Fl\u00e4chsig-Schulz K, Kats E, Kispert A, et al. Sialic acid is a critical fetal defence against maternal complement attack. J Clin Investig. 2019;129:422\u201336.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"8503_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20221406","volume":"51","author":"Z Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Z, Lai PF, Cocker ATH, Haslam SM, Dell A, Brady HJM, et al. Roles of N-linked glycosylation and glycan-binding proteins in placentation: trophoblast infiltration, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and pathophysiology. Biochem Soc Trans. 2023;51:639\u201353.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"8503_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.441","volume":"164","author":"Z Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Z, Cai B, Cao C, Lv H, Dai Y, Zheng M, et al. Downregulation of CD151 induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in trophoblast cells via inhibiting ERK\/Nrf2 signaling pathway in preeclampsia. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021;164:249\u201357.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"8503_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13057","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516991112","volume":"112","author":"JT Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen JT, Chen CH, Ku KL, Hsiao M, Chiang CP, Hsu TL, et al. Glycoprotein B7-H3 overexpression and aberrant glycosylation in oral cancer and immune response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:13057\u201362.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8503_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103168","volume":"24","author":"YL Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang YL, Liang CY, Labitzky V, Ritz D, Oliveira T, Cumin C, et al. Site-specific N-glycosylation of integrin \u03b12 mediates collagen-dependent cell survival. iScience. 2021;24:103168.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"8503_CR39","unstructured":"Lee CQE, Turco MY, Gardner L, Simons BD, Hemberger M, Moffett A. Integrin \u03b12 marks a niche of trophoblast progenitor cells in first-trimester human placenta. Development. 2018;145:dev162305."},{"key":"8503_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00160-1","volume":"20","author":"BAH Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith BAH, Bertozzi CR. Author correction: the clinical impact of glycobiology: targeting selectins, siglecs and mammalian glycans. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2021;20:244.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"8503_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324723","volume":"34","author":"JQ Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang JQ, Biedermann B, Nitschke L, Crocker PR. The murine inhibitory receptor mSiglec-E is expressed broadly on cells of the innate immune system, whereas mSiglec-F is restricted to eosinophils. Eur J Immunol. 2004;34:1175\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"8503_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0350-4","volume":"15","author":"Q Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Q, Xie Y, Wong M, Barboza M, Lebrilla CB. Comprehensive structural glycomic characterization of the glycocalyxes of cells and tissues. Nat Protoc. 2020;15:2668\u2013704.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"}],"container-title":["Cell Death &amp; Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41419-026-08503-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41419-026-08503-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41419-026-08503-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:51:01Z","timestamp":1774619461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41419-026-08503-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-026-08503-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-4889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-4889","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All collections involving human tissue samples were approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University (Ethics number: 2023077), and informed written consent from all donors was obtained under the supervision of West China Second University Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and inclusion"}}],"article-number":"291"}}