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The GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway is involved in neuroprotection after brain ischemia. The aim of this study was to explore whether HPC can activate GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin to improve the hypoxia tolerance of neuronal cells by enhancing mitochondrial homeostasis. In vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that HPC upregulates the activity of the GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway, maintaining mitochondrial morphological stability. Mechanistically, GSK-3\u03b2 activity is negatively correlated with mitochondrial homeostasis. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3\u03b2 reduced mitochondrial fission, whereas HPC suppressed GSK-3\u03b2 expression to attenuate fission and preserve mitochondrial integrity. Conversely, GSK-3\u03b2 overexpression abrogated HPC-mediated protection and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings elucidate a neuroprotective mechanism whereby HPC stabilizes mitochondrial dynamics via modulation of the GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway, providing novel experimental insights into HPC-mediated neuroprotection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-026-09080-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:51:57Z","timestamp":1783533117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HPC restores mitochondrial homeostasis and ameliorates hypoxic stress through the GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8105-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruifang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"9080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117340","volume":"179","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang L, Liu X, Chen S, Sun J, Tao Y, Ma L, et al. 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