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We have previously reported that the polyubiquitin gene\n                    <jats:italic>Ubb<\/jats:italic>\n                    is required for fertility in both male and female mice. In particular, the\n                    <jats:italic>Ubb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -null male mice showed an azoospermia phenotype due to arrest of spermatogenesis at the pachytene stage. Here, we analyzed the whole testis proteome at postnatal day 20 to define the molecular mediators of the male-infertility phenotype caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Ubb<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout. From the identified proteome, 564 proteins were significantly and differentially expressed in\n                    <jats:italic>Ubb-<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout testes and, among these, 36 downregulated proteins were involved at different stages of spermatogenesis. We also found that levels of piRNA metabolic process-related proteins, including Piwil2 and Tdrd1, were downregulated in\n                    <jats:italic>Ubb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -null testes through functional gene ontology analysis. Further, protein\u2013protein interaction mapping revealed that 24 testis development-related proteins, including Hsp90aa1, Eef1a1, and Pabpc1, were directly influenced by the depletion of ubiquitin. In addition, the reduced mRNA levels of these proteins were observed in\n                    <jats:italic>Ubb-<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout testes, which closely resembled the global downregulation of piRNA-metabolic gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Together with proteomic and transcriptional analyses, our data suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Ubb<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression is essential for the maintenance of testicular RNA-binding regulators and piRNA-metabolic proteins to complete spermatogenesis in mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00581-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T02:02:28Z","timestamp":1627264948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Polyubiquitin gene Ubb is required for upregulation of Piwi protein level during mouse testis development"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3981-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bitnara","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Kwon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2546-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu Jin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ayaz","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6104-8575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwon-Yul","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0095-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Pyo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"581_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03693.x","volume":"4","author":"O Wiborg","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wiborg O, Pedersen MS, Wind A, Berglund LE, Marcker KA, Vuust J. 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