{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:42:44Z","timestamp":1789494164036,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0464-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T09:54:06Z","timestamp":1562838846000},"page":"112-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Anaemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes in Southern India"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anura V.","family":"Kurpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beena","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1786-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tinku","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnamachari","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"464_CR1","volume-title":"The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011. Geneva: WHO; 2015."},{"key":"464_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janbek J, Sarki M, Specht IO, Heitmann BL A systematic literature review of the relation between iron status\/anemia in pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0400-6"},{"key":"464_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071812-161205","volume":"33","author":"JP McClung","year":"2013","unstructured":"McClung JP, Murray-Kolb LE. Iron nutrition and premenopausal women: effects of poor iron status on physical and neuropsychological performance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2013;33:271\u201388.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.778","volume":"85","author":"LE Murray-Kolb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murray-Kolb LE, Beard JL. Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:778\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.676S","volume":"131","author":"JD Haas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haas JD, Brownlie Tt. Iron deficiency and reduced work capacity: a critical review of the research to determine a causal relationship. J Nutr. 2001;131:676S\u201388S.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR6","first-page":"627","volume":"130","author":"K Kalaivani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalaivani K. Prevalence & consequences of anaemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res. 2009;130:627\u201333.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"464_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petry N, Olofin I, Hurrell RF, Boy E, Wirth JP, Moursi M, et al. The proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency in low, medium, and high human development index countries: a systematic analysis of national surveys. Nutrients 2016;8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8110693"},{"key":"464_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.008201","volume":"6","author":"JL Finkelstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finkelstein JL, Layden AJ, Stover PJ. Vitamin B-12 and perinatal health. Adv Nutr. 2015;6:552\u201363.","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.29","volume":"71","author":"JL Finkelstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Finkelstein JL, Kurpad AV, Thomas T, Srinivasan K, Duggan C. Vitamin B12 status in pregnant women and their infants in South India. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71:1046\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.187278","volume":"144","author":"C Duggan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duggan C, Srinivasan K, Thomas T, Samuel T, Rajendran R, Muthayya S, et al. Vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy and early lactation increases maternal, breast milk, and infant measures of vitamin B-12 status. J Nutr. 2014;144:758\u201364.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR11","volume-title":"Training course on child growth assessment","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","unstructured":"World Health Organization Training course on child growth assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008."},{"key":"464_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195171693.001.0001","volume-title":"Principles of nutritional assessment","author":"RS Gibson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assessment. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc; 2005.","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"464_CR13","unstructured":"Assessing the iron status of populations: report of a joint World Health Organization\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention technical consultation on the assessment of iron status at the population level, 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007."},{"key":"464_CR14","unstructured":"Technical meeting: use and interpretation of haemoglobin concentrations for assessing anaemia status in individuals and populations. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017."},{"key":"464_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2014.04.005","volume":"28","author":"E Nemeth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nemeth E, Ganz T. Anemia of inflammation. Hematol\/Oncol Clin North Am. 2014;28:671\u201381.","journal-title":"Hematol\/Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"464_CR16","unstructured":"WHO. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995."},{"key":"464_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6","volume":"384","author":"J Villar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Villar J, Cheikh Ismail L, Victora CG, Ohuma EO, Bertino E, Altman DG, et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the newborn cross-sectional study of the INTERGROWTH-21st project. Lancet 2014;384:857\u201368.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"464_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg099","volume":"32","author":"M de Onis","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Onis M, Blossner M. The World Health Organization Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition: methodology and applications. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32:518\u201326.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"464_CR19","volume-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards: growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference: methods and development","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group","year":"2009","unstructured":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group WHO Child Growth Standards: growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference: methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009."},{"key":"464_CR20","volume-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards: methods and development: length\/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group","year":"2006","unstructured":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group WHO Child Growth Standards: methods and development: length\/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006"},{"key":"464_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29284","volume":"92","author":"DI Thurnham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thurnham DI, McCabe LD, Haldar S, Wieringa FT, Northrop-Clewes CA, McCabe GP. Adjusting plasma ferritin concentrations to remove the effects of subclinical inflammation in the assessment of iron deficiency: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:546\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.194712","volume":"145","author":"DI Thurnham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thurnham DI, Northrop-Clewes CA, Knowles J. The use of adjustment factors to address the impact of inflammation on vitamin A and iron status in humans. J Nutr. 2015;145:1137S\u201343S.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141762","volume":"106","author":"SM Namaste","year":"2017","unstructured":"Namaste SM, Rohner F, Huang J, Bhushan NL, Flores-Ayala R, Kupka R, et al. Adjusting ferritin concentrations for inflammation: biomarkers reflecting inflammation and nutritional determinants of anemia (BRINDA) project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106:359S\u201371S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155937","volume":"106","author":"PS Suchdev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suchdev PS, Williams AM, Mei Z, Flores-Ayala R, Pasricha SR, Rogers LM, et al. Assessment of iron status in settings of inflammation: challenges and potential approaches. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106:1626S\u201333S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.3.340","volume":"79","author":"S Greenland","year":"1989","unstructured":"Greenland S. Modeling and variable selection in epidemiologic analysis. Am J public health. 1989;79:340\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J public health"},{"key":"464_CR26","volume-title":"Theoretical Epidemiology","author":"O Miettinen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Miettinen O. Theoretical Epidemiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1985. 107"},{"key":"464_CR27","unstructured":"NFHS. National Family Health Survey-4: 2015\u201316. Government of India, 2016."},{"key":"464_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.06.023","volume":"151","author":"AS Ahankari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahankari AS, Myles PR, Dixit JV, Tata LJ, Fogarty AW. Risk factors for maternal anaemia and low birth weight in pregnant women living in rural India: a prospective cohort study. Public health. 2017;151:63\u201373.","journal-title":"Public health"},{"key":"464_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650602700405","volume":"27","author":"GS Toteja","year":"2006","unstructured":"Toteja GS, Singh P, Dhillon BS, Saxena BN, Ahmed FU, Singh RP, et al. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and adolescent girls in 16 districts of India. Food Nutr Bull. 2006;27:311\u20135.","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"464_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.845161","volume":"27","author":"R Bora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bora R, Sable C, Wolfson J, Boro K, Rao R. Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women and its effect on neonatal outcomes in Northeast India. J Matern-fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27:887\u201391.","journal-title":"J Matern-fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"464_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2014.913517","volume":"38","author":"D Mohanty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohanty D, Gorakshakar AC, Colah RB, Patel RZ, Master DC, Mahanta J, et al. Interaction of iron deficiency anemia and hemoglobinopathies among college students and pregnant women: a multi center evaluation in India. Hemoglobin. 2014;38:252\u20137.","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"464_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy228","volume":"109","author":"KM Hambidge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hambidge KM, Westcott JE, Garces A, Figueroa L, Goudar SS, Dhaded SM, et al. A multicountry randomized controlled trial of comprehensive maternal nutrition supplementation initiated before conception: the women first trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109:457\u201369.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014001888","volume":"18","author":"RK Baingana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baingana RK, Enyaru JK, Tjalsma H, Swinkels DW, Davidsson L. The aetiology of anaemia during pregnancy: a study to evaluate the contribution of iron deficiency and common infections in pregnant Ugandan women. Public health Nutr. 2015;18:1423\u201335.","journal-title":"Public health Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.1.247S","volume":"72","author":"NR van den Broek","year":"2000","unstructured":"van den Broek NR, Letsky EA. Etiology of anemia in pregnancy in south Malawi. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:247S\u201356S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010215","volume":"7","author":"Parminder S Suchdev","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suchdev PS, Namaste SM, Aaron GJ, Raiten DJ, Brown KH, Flores-Ayala R. Overview of the biomarkers reflecting inflammation and nutritional determinants of anemia (BRINDA) project. Adv Nutr. 2016;7:349\u201356.","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition"},{"key":"464_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.245373","volume":"147","author":"A Bah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bah A, Pasricha SR, Jallow MW, Sise EA, Wegmuller R, Armitage AE, et al. Serum hepcidin concentrations decline during pregnancy and may identify iron deficiency: analysis of a longitudinal pregnancy cohort in the Gambia. J Nutr. 2017;147:1131\u20137.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/260380","volume":"2011","author":"Julia G. Shaw","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shaw JG, Friedman JF. Iron deficiency anemia: focus on infectious diseases in lesser developed countries. Anemia. 2011;2011:260380:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Anemia"},{"issue":"1","key":"464_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000026","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2015-000026","volume":"1","author":"Manisha Nair","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nair M, Choudhury MK, Choudhury SS, Kakoty SD, Sarma UC, Webster P, et al. Association between maternal anaemia and pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study in Assam, India. BMJ Glob health. 2016;1:e000026.","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"464_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.107896","volume":"103","author":"MM Rahman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rahman MM, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Kanda M, Narita S, Bilano V, et al. Maternal anemia and risk of adverse birth and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103:495\u2013504.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/769057","volume":"2013","author":"Bunyarit Sukrat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sukrat B, Wilasrusmee C, Siribumrungwong B, McEvoy M, Okascharoen C, Attia J, et al. Hemoglobin concentration and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res int. 2013;2013:769057:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"464_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515001166","volume":"113","author":"NA Alwan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alwan NA, Cade JE, McArdle HJ, Greenwood DC, Hayes HE, Simpson NA. Maternal iron status in early pregnancy and birth outcomes: insights from the baby\u2019s vascular health and iron in pregnancy study. Br J Nutr. 2015;113:1985\u201392.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"464_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2015.07.003","volume":"52","author":"C Breymann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Breymann C. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Semin Hematol. 2015;52:339\u201347.","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"464_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2017.02.004","volume":"31","author":"Clara Camaschella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Camaschella C. New insights into iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Blood Rev. 2017;31:225\u201333.","journal-title":"Blood Reviews"},{"key":"464_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155812","volume":"106","author":"AL Fisher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fisher AL, Nemeth E. Iron homeostasis during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106:1567S\u201374S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41430-019-0464-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41430-019-0464-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41430-019-0464-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T17:47:40Z","timestamp":1721497660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41430-019-0464-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-019-0464-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-3007","1476-5640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-3007","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The research protocols and study procedures were approved by the Institutional Ethical Board of St. John\u2019s Medical College and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Human Subjects Committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. A Data Safety and Monitoring Board met twice annually during the course of the trial.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}