{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T01:07:09Z","timestamp":1794013629902,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Unrestricted Grant of Nestle."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D [25(OH)D] is essential for normal bone development and maintenance. Furthermore, its deficiency has been associated with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the incidence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (&lt;20\u2009ng\/ml) among apparently healthy Chilean children (4\u201314 years old) from three Chilean geographic areas during May\u2013September 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by a competitive protein-binding ELISA assay in 1134 children, and correlations between serum 25(OH)D levels, BMI, and geographic area were calculated. Individuals were grouped according to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (ng\/ml): severe deficiency: &lt;5; moderate deficiency: 5\u201310.9; mild deficiency: 11\u201320.9; insufficiency: 21\u201329.9 and sufficiency: 30\u2013100.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found 80.4% of children had serum 25(OH)D deficiency, with 1.7% severe, 24.6% moderate, and 54.1% mild. In the three cities, the percentage of serum 25(OH)D deficit was increased when comparing overweight or obesity with a healthy weight. Additionally, an interaction effect was observed between geographic area, nutritional status, and serum 25(OH)D levels using the factorial ANOVA test (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038). In Antofagasta, there were more overweight children and also a higher percentage of children with VitD deficiency (&lt;30\u2009ng\/ml) compared to Santiago or Concepci\u00f3n.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed a high prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency in children between 4 and 14 years old in Chile (80.4%) during May\u2013September 2018. Obese and overweight children had the highest prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-01043-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T07:02:55Z","timestamp":1636700575000},"page":"899-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Vitamin D status and obesity in children from Chile"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5660-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"P\u00e9rez-Bravo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lissette","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Arredondo-Olgu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9247-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4411-8655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Castillo-Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1043_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9424-1","volume":"18","author":"MF Holick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holick MF. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18:153\u201365.","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"1043_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05608-6","volume":"14","author":"L Setayesh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Setayesh L, Casazza K, Moradi N, Mehranfar S, Yarizadeh H, Amini A, et al. Association of vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D3 with insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) in overweight and obese females. BMC Res Notes. 2021;14:193\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"1043_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.11.013","volume":"36","author":"PK Pannu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pannu PK, Zhao Y, Soares MJ. Reductions in body weight and percent fat mass increase the vitamin D status of obese subjects: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Nutr Res. 2016;36:201\u201313.","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"1043_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.148","volume":"40","author":"G Cediel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cediel G, Corvalan C, Aguirre C, de Romana DL, Uauy R. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with indicators of body fat and insulin resistance in prepubertal Chilean children. Int J Obes. 2016;40:147\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"1043_CR5","unstructured":"OECD. Country statistical profile: Chile. 2020. https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/sites\/ac9685dd-en\/index.html?itemId=\/content\/component\/ac9685dd-en."},{"key":"1043_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","volume":"96","author":"MF Holick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1043_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400107","volume":"34","author":"ACH Brito","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brito ACH, Olivares M, Mujica F, Cediel G, L\u00f3pez de Roma\u00f1a D. Less than adequate vitamin D status and intake in Latin America and the Caribbean: a problem of unknown magnitude. Food Nutr Bull. 2013;34:52\u201364.","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"1043_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31828f3c05","volume":"56","author":"C Braegger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Braegger C, Campoy C, Colomb V, Decsi T, Domellof M, Fewtrell M, et al. Vitamin D in the healthy European paediatric population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56:692\u2013701.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"1043_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2217\/phe.09.72","volume":"4","author":"ML Melamed","year":"2010","unstructured":"Melamed ML, Kumar J. Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the pediatric populations: prevalence and clinical outcomes. Pediatr Health. 2010;4:89\u201397.","journal-title":"Pediatr Health"},{"key":"1043_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rchipe.2015.03.001","volume":"86","author":"K Brinkmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brinkmann K, Le Roy C, I\u00f1iguez G, Borzutzky A. Severe vitamin D deficiency in children from Punta Arenas, Chile: influence of nutritional status on the response to supplementation. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2015;86:182\u20138.","journal-title":"Rev Chil Pediatr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41430-021-01043-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41430-021-01043-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41430-021-01043-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T12:25:05Z","timestamp":1654863905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41430-021-01043-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-021-01043-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-3007","1476-5640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-3007","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of the University of Chile. Parents and guardians signed informed consent, and schoolchildren gave their consent for nutritional and biochemical evaluations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}