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The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a Cetylated Fatty Acids (CFA)-based dietary supplement in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent and difficult-to-treat condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects\/methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>60 patients (mean age: 66.0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7 years, 85% female) with grade 3\u20134 knee osteoarthritis and a pain intensity of &gt; 4\u2009cm on the visual analog scale (VAS) were enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 1.5\u2009g of oral CFA or a placebo for 60 days. The primary outcome was the change in pain intensity (VAS), secondary outcomes included changes in range of motion (ROM), in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the safety profile of the food supplement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 60 days of CFA assumption, the mean reduction in pain intensity (VAS) was \u22121.7\u2009cm (95% CI [\u22122.0, \u22121.4]), showing a statistically significant difference compared to placebo (\u22120.6\u2009cm, 95% CI [\u22121.0, \u22120.2];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005). The mean decrease in the WOMAC total score was also greater in the CFA group (\u221219.5 vs. \u221215.8), although the placebo-corrected effect was not statistically significant (\u22123.7, 95% CI [\u22128.3, 0.8];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.108). Observed improvements in flexion (3.8\u00b0 [95% CI: 2.6, 5.0]) and external rotation (2.9\u00b0 [95% CI: 2.1, 3.8]) were both statistically significant in favor of CFA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.001) compared to placebo. Differences in extension and internal rotation were negligible. The safety profile of the investigational product resulted favorable, considering that only 4 out of 30 patients reported mild adverse events, and none withdrawn from the study due to adverse events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with knee osteoarthritis, incorporating a CFA oral supplement into the treatment regimen provides superior efficacy in pain relief and range of motion improvement compared to placebo, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-025-01656-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T16:54:55Z","timestamp":1756140895000},"page":"1138-1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of orally administered cetylated fatty acids on symptoms and functional capacity in patients with knee osteoarthritis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Manana","family":"Zodeleva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Pochkhua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-2952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Sole","family":"Rossato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eka","family":"Arziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1656_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qiao L, Li M, Deng F, Wen X, Wang J, Deng H, et al. 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The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved by an independent ethics committee and conducted in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, \u201cEthical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects,\u201d the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP), the national standard on Good Clinical Practice, and other applicable local regulatory requirements. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}