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In subsets, reliability was determined from duplicate MFBIA and DXA obtained within 1 week, and total body water (TBW) was compared to single-frequency BIA (SFBIA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MFBIA demonstrated modest population-level agreement with DXA for total body FM (men,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.93, bias \u22123.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009kg; women,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.96, bias, \u22121.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u2009kg), %BF (men,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.89, bias, \u22124.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0%; women,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.92, bias, \u22122.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6%), and FFM (men,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.95, bias, 3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u2009kg; women,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.94, bias, 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u2009kg). Regional correlations were highest for trunk FM (men,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.92, CCC\u2009=\u20090.86; women\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.93, CCC\u2009=\u20090.93) and lowest for VAT (men,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.74, CCC\u2009=\u20090.68; women,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.74, CCC\u2009=\u20090.34). DXA and MFBIA regional and total assessments were highly reliable (DXA, ICC 0.990\u20130.998) and (MFBIA, ICC 0.987\u20130.995). TBW by MFBIA and SFBIA showed moderate agreement (men,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.73, bias, \u22121.89\u2009\u00b1\u20093.31; women,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.82, bias, \u22121.74\u2009\u00b1\u20092.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This MFBIA system was shown to have high retest reliability and, when compared to laboratory methods, provides a moderately accurate method for measuring TBW and body composition (except for VAT) in uncontrolled conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-025-01664-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1758006837000},"page":"1235-1244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Real-world assessment of Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (MFBIA) for measuring body composition in healthy physically active populations"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam W.","family":"Potter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh C.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Tharion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Looney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl E.","family":"Friedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1664_CR1","first-page":"107","volume":"94","author":"M Thomasset","year":"1962","unstructured":"Thomasset M. 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Any citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement of approval of the products or services of these organizations. Author LCW provides consultancy services to ImpediMed Ltd.; all other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. There was no interaction or any conflict of interest with the commercial vendors of the primary devices used in this study, including InBody Co. Ltd, GE HealthCare, or RJL Systems, Inc. This research was supported in part by appointments to the Department of Defense (DOD) Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the DOD. ORISE is managed by ORAU under DOE contract number DE-SC0014664. All opinions expressed in this paper are the author\u2019s and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DOD, DOE, or ORAU\/ORISE.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the US Army Medical Research and Development Command (Fort Detrick, Maryland) and US Marine Corps (Quantico, Virginia) Institutional Review Boards, protocol M10873, approved March 2021. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}