{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T20:37:38Z","timestamp":1774903058229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evid Based Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, and EBSCO) up to January 2023.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study selection<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Any case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional study which assessed child temperament and early childhood caries (ECC) in children aged six years or younger were included. Literature reviews, studies with insufficient data, non-English publications, and those focusing on older children or adults were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors, with a third author resolving any disagreements. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale (case-control and cohort studies) and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (cross-sectional studies). The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Statistical analysis to evaluate heterogeneity included the chi-square test and the I-square index.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total 5072 studies resulted in the inclusion of 15 studies, encompassing data from 6,667 participants. Seven studies were of high quality and eight, moderate. Meta-analyses of seven studies revealed a significant association between certain temperament traits (e.g., higher levels of emotionality and lower levels of sociability) and ECC. In particular, difficult temperament was associated with ECC (OR 2.63 95%CI: 1.37\u20135.04)<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study concluded that child temperament is a significant factor in the risk of developing ECC. Specifically, children with higher emotionality and lower sociability are at greater risk. Interventions targeting child temperament through child behaviour and parental management strategies may be effective in reducing ECC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-024-01057-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T10:03:20Z","timestamp":1725357800000},"page":"143-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Child temperament and early childhood caries: is there a link?"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3555-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9369-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greig","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1057_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1017","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000439","volume":"135","author":"MB Vos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vos MB, Kaar JL, Welsh JA, Van Horn LV, Feig DI, Anderson CAM, et al. Added sugars and cardiovascular disease risk in children: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135:e1017\u2013e34.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"1057_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12783","volume":"31","author":"SE Uribe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uribe SE, Innes N, Maldupa I. The global prevalence of early childhood caries: a systematic review with meta\u2010analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021;31:817\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"1057_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00157","volume":"5","author":"S Anil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anil S, Anand PS. Early childhood caries: prevalence, risk factors, and prevention. 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Agreement between parent and child report of physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviours in 9-12-year-old children and associations with children\u2019s weight status. BMC Psychology. 2018;6:14.","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"key":"1057_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ-Brit Med J. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ-Brit Med J."},{"key":"1057_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1159\/000495187","volume":"53","author":"J Xiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao J, Alkhers N, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Billings RJ, Wu TT, Castillo DA, et al. Prenatal oral health care and early childhood caries prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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